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原稿種別: 表紙
2002 年 107 巻 p.
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発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 付録等
2002 年 107 巻 p.
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発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 付録等
2002 年 107 巻 p.
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発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 目次
2002 年 107 巻 p.
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発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 目次
2002 年 107 巻 p.
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発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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岡山 正人, 小谷 通泰
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
1-12
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Recently, various problems caused by truck transportation, such as traffic congestion, air and noise pollution and lack of truck drivers, have become more serious. In this situation, the shifts from trucks to other transportation modes like ferry boats, which is called the modal-shift, are expected. On the other hand, between Honshu and Awazi island, the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge was opened in 1998. The opening of this bridge has led the change of track transportation routes from by using ferry boats to the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge and the changes in the business environment of truck operators. The purposes of this study are to build the route choice models for trucks that take account of changes in the business environment of truck operators caused by the opening of the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge and to analyze the possibility of modal-shift from the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge routes to ferry boats' routes, by using the models built.
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疋田 賢次郎, 岩崎 徹, 太田 進
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
13-19
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Gas hydrate is the material which contains molecules of gas in the molecules of H_2O having structure like cages. Natural Gas Hydrate (NGH) is equilibrium state at about -80℃ under atmospheric pressure and NGH is expected to be stowed and transported in higher temperature due to its property so called "Self-Preservation Effect". When NGH can be transported under self-preservation condition, NGH can be used as more economical medium for transporting natural gas than LNG. The purpose of the research is to examine the self-preservation property of methane hydrate, which is supposed to have similar properties to those of NGH, in the form of pellet. We carried out experiments using Methane Hydrate Pellets (MHP) and confirmed that MHP can be stowed at -20℃ under atmospheric pressure containing a certain amount of gas.
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佐藤 正昭, 津村 幸子, 筒井 裕之, 廣井 正男
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
21-26
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Sweat damages frequently occur for the cargos, agricultural products, loaded in containers that transported from tropical and southern countries during winter season in Japan. Recently, we have elucidated the sweat phenomena by simulating the heat and vapor transfer, and then the time-dependent change in the amount of dew on the ceiling of a container. The previous report showed that the keeping the container in static conditions for 1-4 days prevents the cargo from suffering the sweat damages. In this paper, we investigated the effect of the chemical absorption type silica gel on the prevention of the sweat damages, and simulated the circumstance in the container loaded with soybean and silica gel. The silica gel continuously performed as a dehumidifying agent during transportation, but the influence on the cargo was limited mainly in the upper surface of soybean bulk. In cooling process, after arrival in winter Japan, the silica gel became active again. The addition of 10kg and 20kg of silica gel per 1m^2 reduced the maximum weight of dew to 60% and 35%. It is important where the silica gel is set. When the silica gel was fixed in the lower air layer, it did not affect the amount of the dew on ceiling. These results show that the addition of the silica gel would reduce the amount of dew by the consideration of the place where it was set.
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Shaorui LI, Mikio KUBO
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
27-34
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The dynamic lot-sizing problem with safety stocks and limited inventories is often met in practice. The goal of the problem aims at determining the relative frequency of setups satisfying the demands under restrictions of the safety stock and limited inventory over a planning horizon at minimum cost. In this paper a framework to solve this problem effectively is proposed, which consists of two procedures devised to deal with the safety stock and limited inventory due to new valid inequalities, and new properties to obtain optimal policies. Based on these properties a dynamic programming algorithm is introduced and then a priori is added to the branch-and-bound tree of the reduced shortest-path problem to obtain a tight reformulation. Our computational results suggest that our contributions represent significant progress in solving instances of this problem.
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榧野 純, 塙 直人, 大津 皓平, 伊藤 雅則
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
35-40
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In the authors' previous study, it was confirmed that ship's rolling and pitching are stabilized by controlling Stewart type parallel link system using a direct driving volume control (DDVC) oil pressure pump units. This paper proposes to stabilize vibration of vertical displacement which is another important ship's motion. In order to estimate the vertical displacement, there is the way to integrate twice the vertical accelation signal observed on board. But the acceleration information is contaminated with strong noise at high frequency domain, as well known. Thus, it is not practical to integrate the acceleration signal straightforwardly because various errors are accumulated. In this study, the authors consider to approach to this problem by applying some statistical filtering techniques. And the effectiveness of this method is confirmed by the actual ship's experiments.
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斎藤 勝彦, 久保 雅義, 切通 祐介
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
41-45
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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A variety of pallet-load stabilizers can be available. The stretch and shrink wrapping are the most commonly used as the stabilizing materials, but the reusable strapping stabilizers should be ofthen used gradually by an ecological demand. Although no confirming test protocols of the load stabilizing efficiency have been existed. In this paper, the new evaluation method of the pallet-load slipping down vibration tests is proposed. The indoor falling down vibration tests of the pallet load are carried out. As the results, it is observed that even if one dimensional vertical vibration in the natural frequency are induced complex movements. The chaotic motions of the palletized corrugated boxes in response to the virtical vibrating force can be indicated by the three proposed parameters.
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村井 康二, 林 祐司, 内藤 晴嗣, 井口 征士
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
47-54
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Ship's Navigator gets diverse information from the ship and her environment for safe and efficient navigation, and visual information is the most important information source. Simulator is used to do some education and training of ship handling, and navigational environment simulate using visual simulator. We have advanced an analysis of unconscious subjects' body response to visual simulation of the simulator, in case of 210 and 150 degrees' horizontal angles, gravity of body center was led toward a picture by the recognition of visual rolling. However, the subjects were only experienced persons (or navigators), and it is not carried out to do about inexperienced persons. In this study, we use the moving of gravity that body response was obvious in our index. And, we carried out the experiment to seven subjects (four experienced persons and three inexperienced persons), four kinds of horizontal visual field (210, 150, 90, 30 degrees) and nine kinds of inclination of rolling (from 0.0 to 20.1 degrees). We show characteristics of the subjects who are the persons easy to get seasick, experienced persons and inexperienced persons.
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新井 康夫, 南屋 太郎, 奥田 成幸
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
55-60
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In recent years, a ship-handling simulator should be used for seafarers' training and/or maritime researches intended for bridge team composed of pilot, master, mates, crew, etc. But visual system of ship-handling simulator is never appropriate for plural members of bridge team. Nautical environment is vast and the members move in the bridge, so it is difficult that each member judges a situation in the visual environment simulated on the screen through one fixed viewpoint. The visual environment that has same timing and same accuracy for each member is required on evaluations of systems for navigation environment, simulator and/or training. The image through one fixed viewpoint is greatly influenced by position and movement of the member's viewpoint. For example, abeam motion of the viewpoint makes parallax to bearing of the image, and the parallax makes an error to relative motion of the image. Each member should have own visual environment follows up the movement of own viewpoint. In this paper, the multi-moving viewpoint system is proposed as new simulator's visual system in order to resolve mentioned problems, and validity of the system is discussed through the investigation of accuracy for ship-operator to grasp the movement and relative motion of image under multi-moving viewpoint.
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古莊 雅生, 本間 伸幸, 嶋田 博行
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
61-68
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The increase tendency to the ship's collision related to the visual perception of a stern light in recent years is remarkable, and the investigation of the cause should be carried out. Judgment reports by the Japanese Marine Accident Inquiry Agency of 30 years from 1970 through 2000 has been investigated about human errors related to the visual perception of a stern light. 98 cases of the ship's collision are picked out, and the main results of this study are shown as follows ; (1) In the distance between two ships when a stern light is checked visually for the first time, about 90 percent of the cases are below the distance regulated by COLREG. The mean value of the distance between two ships is 1nm (nautical mile) , and standard deviation is 0.7nm. (2) The field factor at sea is 2〜3 at night. (3) About 3/4 of the cases are pointed out the time period within 20 minutes after checking the target visually. (4) The calm weather condition becomes a factor to cause the human errors at sea. (5) There are three factors of human errors related to the visual perception of a stern light : 1. Psychological factors, 2. Psycho-social factors, and 3. Physiological factors. (6) In the case of ship's collision related to the visual perception of a stern light, by classifying based on the GEMS dynamic model, the error (Mistake) is more than the error (Ship).
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西村 知久, 小林 弘明
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
69-76
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In this study, the human characteristics on handling ship with course-instability in a fairway having two bending points have been studied by using ship maneuvering simulator. As a result, the total rudder angle for accelrating turn becomes smaller and the total rudder angle for checking turn becomes larger as the loop width becomes langer in same ship's length. In same loop width, both the total rudder angles become larger as the ship's length becomes longer. In any cases, the maximum lateral deviation does not show remarkably big difference among them. Numerical simulations have been conducted in the same fairway. The Following formula is adopted for rudder angles in the simulations. δ=K_1・x_ε+K_2・Ψ_ε+K_3・Ψ_ε/V Wihere δ : Rudder angles, x_ε : Lateral deviation, Ψ_ε : Heading deviation, Ψ_ε : Rate of turn, V : Present ship's speed, K_1, K_2, K_3 : Human control constant The human control constants are estimated by analyzing the results of the experiments. The prediction of unstable ship motion applied the constants shows good agreement with the motion handled.
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福田 人意, 大津 皓平, 岡崎 忠胤, 田崎 哲夫
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
77-86
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In this paper, the Bryson-Ho algorithm which was described in their famous book Applied Optimal Control is applied to the ship's tracking problem at low speed tracking and berthing problems. And all algorithm are tested by a real ship. In tracking at low speed, ship was controlled by only Bow Thruster (B/T) or by combination with B/T and rudder. In berthing test, ship's control algorithm is changed in depending on the ship's position. When a distance until berthing is over 2L m, the ship was controlled by only a rudder. And the ship's speed is reduced in depending on the distance. When the distance is within 2L m, it is tested the ship was controlled by 3 types of algorithm (Weather Vaning Dynamic Positioning System, TVLQC, Guidance Exponentially) using rudder and bow thruster.
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矢吹 英雄, 芳村 康男
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
87-92
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In the previous paper, authors point out that turning motion of CPP (Controllable Pitch Propeller) ship during her stopping maneuver seems to be less stable than that of FPP (Fixed Pitch Propeller) ship. Stopping test are carried out for various J_<so> (=U_o/(n・P)) to investigate the characteristics of turning motion of CPP ship under calm condition and under windy condition. The test ship is 5, 884 G. T. with a single CPP and has a direct reversing device for her diesel engine as well. And following characteristics are pointed out. (1) In case of calm condition, turning motion of the test ship in CPP mode is not stable, she always turns her head to windward, but in FPP mode, she turns her head to starboard steadily. It seems that there are some difference of the hydrodynamic forces between CPP and FPP on stopping maneuver. And further model tests are desired to investigate these characteristics of CPP. (2) In case of windy condition, degree of turning motion in the CPP mode in beam wind is bigger than that in head wind and following wind and that increases in proportion to |J_<so>|. Stopping maneuver of a single CPP ship in harbor, it is therefore recommended, in order to reduce her turning motion, to proceed toward the wind with minimum ahead pitch and to apply a little higher reversing pitch directly without pitch zero operation.
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湯室 彰規
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
93-99
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The rotating motion of a ship with zero forward speed is one of the fundamental motions which appear in harbor maneuvers. In order to predict the maneuverability of a ship in harbors, it is necessary to estimate the hydrodynamic forces on the ship hull with the rotating motion. This report presents longitudinal distributions of the lateral forces on a ship hull with the rotating motion, which are obtained from segmented model tests. A comparison is made between measured lateral forces on the segmented model and those evaluated based on the cross flow model. The result indicates that the latter values differ remarkably from the former ones. In this report, a correction factor giving equivalent uniform flow velocity is introduced to modify the distribution of the lateral forces evaluated by means of the cross flow model. It is found that the value of the correction factor increases where the segment element is closer to midship. Judging from the above, it appears that the approach using the correction factor can be applied to improve the estimation accuracy for the moment on a rotating hull.
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水野 弘之
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
101-108
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The booklet of ship handling is the only results of maneuvering performance from sea trial which is good information to show the ship's maneuverability, but it is insufficient for to use at the planning of ship handling. The approaching plan of entering port/berthing is assembled in the combination of the straight, altering course and speed control with consideration of the ship maneuvering performance. This paper researched on planning for the approaching plan at entering port/berthing considering the ship maneuvering performance. Firstly, the approaching plan at entering port/berthing was investigated to grasp the actual situation of ship handling. From this result, the ship's route was composed by the combination of more than one way point, and the basic component was bending angle, length and width of route. Therefore, the necessary ship's route can be found by combining the result of investigation of basic elements. Next, the various numerical simulations, which the course change operation was combined with slowdown, were carried out and made reference for ship handling using simulation results.
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福谷 恒男
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
109-113
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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A rudder with parallel auxiliary foils which have half length of rudder height was developed considering slip stream of screw propeller to improve the propulsive performance. The combination of main rudder and auxiliary foils acted favorably as the reaction rudder and contributed to increase the magnitude of thrust. Model experiments were conducted using propeller open test apparatus at the circulating water tank. Self-propelled free running tests were carried out to measure the speed of model ship which was installed with different types of rudders. Furthermore, self-propelled model ship was set up at the circulating water tank in captive condition to measure the thrust of the model ship. The result showed us that the newly developed rudder indicated the tendency to increase propulsive efficiencies at each experiments.
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定兼 廣行, 境 善行
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
115-120
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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We have well known that the towing ability of a tugboat decreases because of a reaction of the jet stream caused by tugboat propeller, which acts on the ship hull of a VLCC. However at present, this fact has not yet been taken into account in the estimation of towing force. Maybe it is the reason that the influence of the jet stream on the towing force is not examined exactly and systematically and also series data on the reduction of towing force are not shown. In this paper, the change of the towing force reduction relating to the length of towing line was studied experimentally. Model experiments were carried out by using a water-tank and a pair of ship models, namely a VLCC model and a tugboat model. And two kinds of examination conditions were selected, namely (1) the rest condition which both ship models were fixed by two dynamo-meters respectively and (2) the moving condition which the VLCC model was moved laterally by the tugboat model. We obtained following results ; (1) It could be confirmed that the towing force decreased by the jet stream of the tug boat propeller. And the efficiency of the towing force relating to the length of tug line was suggested based on series experiment. (2) The above efficiency more decreased in the moving condition which the VLCC was moved by the tugboat.
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Kinzo INOUE, Rong MA, Hideo USUI
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
121-126
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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As we know, due to wind action, a ship at anchor sways periodically, and this characteristic movement can be called a swinging pendulum movement. It is very difficult to understand and to explain such a complicated phenomenon because of its complexity on dynamic mechanism. To help understand this difficult phenomenon, the authors developed the integrated simulation system (ISS) for educational use. ISS uses various outputs which, when produced from a mathematical model simulating a ship at anchor, create an animation. This simulation system is a visual educational system, which not only has the function of simulating a ship at anchor, but also displays relevant information in real-time. The system can also estimate the danger of dragging anchor and show how the anchor-dragging mechanism works. To verify the educational effect of ISS, an experiment was performed, with impressive results. Students felt that a lecture supported by ISS was easy to understand and believe that it is necessary. The improved educational effect when studying the swinging movement of a ship at anchor was confirmed using animations produced by ISS. As a visual study resource, ISS and its animation provide a better understanding than a typical lesson in a classroom because of its simplicity. We believe that ISS can be used not only for educational purposes, but also as an assessment system for experiments that evaluate the safety of a ship at anchor. Such a system may be useful to researchers in other field. This paper discusses the usefulness from the viewpoint of ISS's educational use.
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Kenji SASA, Masayoshi KUBO, Satoru SHIRAISHI, Toshihiko NAGAI
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
127-137
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Mooring problems are still serious issues in port construction and operation. Although there are many studies are carried out about moored ship motions or long period waves, effective countermeasures are not accomplished in most harbours facing to open seas. On the other hand, it is known that operators require the offer of wave information near harbours in detail when sea conditions become serious. In this study, the new numerical model is constructed for the prediction of the mooring criteria. It is based on the theory of Kalman Filter, wave estimation inside typhoons and wave decay as swells. It is characteristic that the prediction model do not need huge amount of input data such as meteorological models. The accuracy is verified for "A Port" facing to the Pacific Ocean when swells or wind waves propagate from typhoons. Moreover, the prediction model applies for other points facing to the Pacific Ocean. This new model makes possible to predict the mooring criteria at 0.5-2 days before under the influence of typhoons. Finally, we propose the berth operation system to monitor the mooring criteria using this prediction model in harbours facing to open seas.
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佐藤 治夫
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
139-144
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The holding ability of tour types of anchor was investigated in terms of physical properties of seabed. Experiments were performed using two stockless type anchors (VDR type, VDH type) and two stock type anchors (VDS type, DANFORTH type). These anchors were pulled using the Research Vessel, DAINI-HOKUTO (19t). The tension force was measured using a loadcell connected to the towing rope. Sand content was chosen as an index property, and was correlated to the holding ability. The experimental results indicated that the VDR type-stockless anchor showed highest resistance against pulling for sandy, clayey and sandy clay soils. The VDR type-stockless anchor can be used for anchoring of small vessels less than 20 tons.
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三田 重雄
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
145-151
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The purpose of the buffer system is to protect the piers from ship collision and to reduce the damage to the ship by absorbing the energy. The resin buffer system that was made with the elastic resin is excellent in restoration. In this paper author discussed an experimental study on the collapse of the bow in collision with resin buffer system. In this study pelprene buffer system and two kinds of bow models that differ with stiffness were used. And one of bow model was used for crush test. When rearranging the experimental result, the situation of bow collapse was able to clarify, and the characteristics of this buffer system and effectiveness for actual ship collision were able to confirm.
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井上 欣三, 馬 会
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
153-159
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Safety measures to be applied to the international shipping field are realized through the international promise of IMO-conventions. The feature of the maritime safety policy management based on IMO-conventions is that the ratification as the results of agreement by individual nations brings the effectiveness of the reduction of marine disasters. To enhance the effects of the safety conventions, we should make more persons concerned consent them deeply. The aim of this study is to analyze the relations between the safety level of flag state and the earliness of ratification of IMO-conventions. Through this research, the relationship between the maritime safety level of flag state and the earliness of ratification on IMO-Conventions was found out. It can be said that the maritime safety level of a country which ratified earlier was higher.
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井上 欣三, 胡 志武
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
161-168
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Almost all the ports in the world are usually designed as a dead end port. When a ship calls this type of port, she has no choice but to make turning manoeuvre in either arrival or departure. With the impact of increasing ship size, the problems such as maneuvering difficulty, turning basin, tugboat fee, etc. are getting to be pointed out. To dissolve such problems, in the present paper, the conversion of the idea from dead end port to one-way through port is encouraged. To examine the advantage of one-way through port, a quantitative and systematic analyzing procedure is needed. In the present paper, as the first step of this research work, to look into the difference of operational stress in three ways of departure, which are using in one-way through port and the dead end port, a series of comparative experiments were carried out using ship-handling simulator. Based on the experimental data, the advantage of one way through port from the viewpoint of reduction of operational stress was verified. And the high effectiveness of objective evaluation index using PAW (Potential Area of Water) was confirmed.
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井上 欣三, 瀬田 広明, 増田 憲司
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
169-176
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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A questionnaire survey was carried out to investigate the pilot's intention of speed reduction standards in berthing manoeuvre. Target ships were VLCC, LNG, PCC and container vessel. Pilots' perception of safety was objectively analyzed based on these data by introducing a concept of safety margin. It became clear that pilots usually adjust the ship's speed as the ship can come to a stop safely by using dead-slow astern engine. In the present paper, guidelines for speed-reduction in berthing manoeuvre were proposed on the basis of this analysis. Furthermore, this guideline was verified from the operational aspect whether unexpected hull movement will arise or not when astern thrust was used. A head-way speed in a recommendable area in this guideline was reasonable from both viewpoint of perception of safety and operational safety.
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Egil PEDERSEN, Kinzo INOUE, Masanori TSUGANE
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
177-183
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The collision risk to multiple targets and identification of feasible evasive manoeuvres can be assessed simultaneously by judging the tip of own ship's velocity vector in relation to the display of collision danger lines and cone-shaped collision danger regions to acquired targets in true motion representation. This visual technique for collision avoidance assessment is referred to as the Collision Danger Presentation (CDP) technique. Possible benefits of the CDP technique for High Speed Craft (HSC) navigation have been evaluated by a simulator test programme with own ship operating at 45 knots in congested traffic conditions in Osaka Bay under restricted visibility. 4 experienced HSC navigators and 4 maritime university students with license participated in the evaluation. It was shown that judgement of evasive manoeuvres based on the CDP technique is superior to standard ARPA and is thus capable of enhancing navigational safety for HSC operations.
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村山 義夫, 山崎 祐介
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
185-190
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In order to take effective safety measures, the investigating method of marine accidents and incidents that clarify relations between causes and backgrounds is required. We have researched the check list for the investigation that enables us to get many respondents because of its easiness. This report makes clear the method by the analysis on some items of the collected data. The first step of the procedure of the analysis is to divide categories of the items into two groups. The second step is to calculate odds ratios of cross tables about all pairs of items. The third step is to extract items that are large odds ratios between the categories of dangerous situation of the items. The fourth step is to evaluate effect of other items on the extracted items by the first order cross tables of the items. These procedures make clear important targets of safety measures from the relations of the items that increase the number of respondents who pointed out the categories of dangerous situation.
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今津 隼馬, 福戸 淳司, 沼野 正義
原稿種別: 本文
2002 年 107 巻 p.
191-197
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Radars are already used for collision avoidance during more than 50 years. During this period many proposal for collision avoidance by using radar have been made, and the experience of their use have been gained. However the effectiveness of these proposals for collision avoidance is not enough, especially in congested water. The Automatic Identification System (AIS) will be equipped all ships of 300 gross tonnage and upwards engaged on international voyages. The AIS is expected to be very useful for collision avoidance. Even if AIS is used, it is necessary to consider the effect of predicted error of ship's position on the evaluation of collision risk. In this paper an approach to improve the evaluation and expression of collision risk is shown. This method is able to show the obstacle zone by target (OZT), considered an estimated error of ship's speed, and it will be useful for collision avoidance in congested water. Expression of OZT shown in this paper will be easy to trace the origin target of OZT and to check the fault information transmitted by the target.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2002 年 107 巻 p.
App3-
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
ジャーナル
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原稿種別: 付録等
2002 年 107 巻 p.
App4-
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
ジャーナル
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原稿種別: 付録等
2002 年 107 巻 p.
App5-
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
ジャーナル
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原稿種別: 付録等
2002 年 107 巻 p.
App6-
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 表紙
2002 年 107 巻 p.
Cover2-
発行日: 2002/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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