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原稿種別: 表紙
2007 年 117 巻 p.
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発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 117 巻 p.
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発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 117 巻 p.
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発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 目次
2007 年 117 巻 p.
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発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 目次
2007 年 117 巻 p.
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発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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福戸 淳司, 今津 隼馬, 大竹 祐一郎, 赤松 秋雄
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
1-7
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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A new integrated information display system has been developed to enhance operational safety and to reduce OoW's (Officer of the Watch) workload. The display system shows RADAR echo, graphical target information of ARPA and AIS superimposed on upper half of a seascape video image. Both the RADAR echo and target information are displayed on the same horizontal position of the video images to make it easy to associate the silhouette of the target with the target information. The target information includes current position, predicted trajectory and estimated collision danger area with RADAR image. To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the new integrated display, a prototype of the display was developed and series of simulator experiments was carried out. In this paper, we introduce the newly developed integrated display and discuss the effectiveness of it.
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天井 治
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
9-17
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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For effective aircraft operation, Civil Aviation Bureau promotes route restructuring for utilizing Area Navigation (RNAV) operation by means of making an RNAV roadmap. RNAV is a method of navigation which permits aircraft operation on any desired flight path within the coverage of station-referenced navigation aids or within the limits of the capability of self-contained aids, or a combination of these. Estimating optimal route spacing between parallel arrival routes is required. It's necessary to estimate lateral overlap probability, which is one of the most important parameters of collision risk model, for estimating the risk of the given route spacing. For estimating the lateral overlap probability, a distribution of cross track deviations was estimated using the radar data of Kagoshima Airport, flight plan data and flight strips. The results obtained are as follows. (1) The standard deviation of the observed cross track deviations of 2,298 flights is 0.077 NM. (2) The ninety five percent containment interval of the deviations is [-0.13 NM, 0.17 NM]. (3) The best fitted model for the empirical cross track deviations is the mixed model of two Normal (Gaussian) distributions. The fitted parameters are α=0.117, σ_1=0.0673 NM and σ_2=0.129 NM.
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若林 伸和, 塩谷 茂明, 小林 英一, 庄司 るり
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
19-26
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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For sea traffic data acquisition we have ; direct observation, radar image and radar ARPA. This is the basic method today of analyzing sea traffic. Nowadays, the number of AIS equipped ships is increasing, so that sea traffic can be more readily observed by AIS. In this paper, we propose creating a sea traffic database system using AIS. Also, the outline and conclusion of such a system in Osaka bay is described. This system would aim to offer sea traffic data for analysis and in various fields.
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畑 耕治郎, 福戸 淳司, 長谷川 和彦, 丹羽 量久
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
27-33
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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AIS(Automatic Identification System) is a system that enables a ship to get information about other ships and navigation status, such as their position, course, speed, name etc. automatically by VHF radio. The system is expected to contribute the improvement of marine traffic control and safety. In some congested waterways overloaded/conflict transmission of AIS is a potential problem from the planning stage. In this study, we have developed a system that simulates AIS communication in real or simulated marine traffic flow considering the movement of each ship. AIS communication was evaluated under various installation conditions and for various aspects using this AIS simulator.
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フォン トラン ヴィエト, 萩原 秀樹, 田丸 人意
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
35-42
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In order to improve the safety and the efficiency of ship operations, ATMS (Autonomous Traffic Management System) was developed in this study. Firstly, we used AIS data received from AIS of training ship "Shioji Maru" and ship's track data obtained from radar observation in Tokyo Bay to assess the traffic condition. Secondly, the optimal routes of all ships in the area for ATMS were calculated using Forward Dynamic Programming. On the actual routes, there were many dangerous encounters caused by ships simultaneously entering the voluntary traffic separation zone in the entrance of Tokyo Bay, and by southbound ships from Tokyo/Chiba area with ships sailing to/from Yokohama area. It was found that dangerous rate judged by SJ value, Bumper Model and DCPA/TCPA could be reduced when all ships navigated on their optimal routes. In addition, on the optimal routes provided by ATMS, total passage time could be shortened by 3.88% in the entrance of Tokyo Bay.
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稲石 正明, 趙 小禺, 潘 明陽, 近藤 逸人
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
43-48
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The purpose of this research is to clarify the action characteristics of the traffic flow containing a non-cooperative ship using the cluster navigation energy and minimum distance, in order to develop the algorithm which identifies a non-cooperative ship using the position data of ships. The cooperative ship agent acted according to the ship cluster behavior model, which can start or suspend the suspicious ship recognition function and the repulsive force function. The non-cooperative ship agent performed four kinds of typical suspicious actions. The simulation results revealed the following. (1) When the cooperative ship agent can recognize a suspicious ship, the cluster navigation energy tends to change sharply and the minimum distance decreases, and a cooperative ship moves behind a non-cooperative ship. (2) When the repulsive force function works, the cluster navigation energy of ships close to a non-cooperative ship changes rapidly in most cases, and the minimum distance increases with simulation time. (3) In the traffic flow which consists of cooperative ships on which a repulsive force function works, it is easy to identify a non-cooperative ship based on the changes of the cluster navigation energy and the minimum distance.
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若林 伸和, 原田 寿里, 石 佳弘, 村井 康二
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
49-58
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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ECDIS is being used as a navigation system now. It thought whether it was a system for which it is able to be used effectively, the function in the navigation system was dug up based on the result, and the presentation method was examined with classes of information that had to present it. We are developing XNavi as a system that can be used more easily, and necessary functions and operation method for the navigation system have been achieved in the XNavi system. Moreover, the new method of presenting information is designed, and the attempt to improve the problem of ECDIS will be described in this paper.
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畑地 紀幸, 水井 真治, 岩崎 寛希
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
59-66
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In this research, we firstly develop a simple unit for the ship traffic observation system using radar. Secondly, we survey and analyze the speed restrictions implemented at the Bisan Seto Traffic Route as an example. The research also includes the survey of overtaking cases around the adjacent area to the Bisan Seto Traffic Route. The ship traffic at the route is observed by using radar, and the analysis lead the following findings : (1) Comparing the speed by ship's type, cargo vessels tend to reduce speed observing the speed restrictions, however, it is not always true to all the cargo vessels. (2) Comparing the speed by ship's size, vessels of 500 GT or more sail faster than those less than 500 GT. It is revealed that 73.9% of ferry boats do not follow the speed restrictions. (3) The reality of overtaking cases at the Bisan Seto East Traffic Route shows that a lot of dangerous overtaking cases happen at this area. It is also found that the west-bound overtaking vessels sail faster than those east-bound, particularly ferry boats overtake at a speed of 20 knots, which could be very dangerous when the traffic is heavy and many fishing boats are around.
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辻 啓介, 伊藤 隆之
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
67-73
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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One of fundamental actions to avoid the risk of collision to target is to measure the azimuth bearing of the target. Because the safe of own ship depends on altering rate of azimuth bearing. As far as a calculation of a numerical formula is concerned, the distance to the target is a crucial factor. However, we transpose the distance to the target into TCPA, so that we were able to make a series of flows to graph altering rate of azimuth bearing. In conclusion, it turned out that an expression used time (TCPA) is superior to that of the distance to the target.
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今里 元信, 桐谷 伸夫, 松下 邦幸, 山根 健次
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
75-80
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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It is effective that we approach the sensing system on the sea near the key institute to detect a dubious ship early. This paper describes the trial method of discrimination ships by sensing underwater sound. We observed and analyzed underwater sound of ships, calculated the correlation coefficient and the average of power ratio from property of ship's sound. In consequence, we recognized that this is one useful method to discriminate ships. And we tried to construct the real-time sound watching system. Furthermore we tested extracting ship's sound from surrounding sound. We expect that the intelligent watching buoy will be useful to discriminate a dubious ship and a poaching boat by underwater sound.
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原 大地, 井上 欣三
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
81-90
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Recently, the dimension of vessels calling ports of Japan such as container vessels or LNG carriers is tendency of enlargement. The depth and width of waters should be adapted for the dimension of vessels for securing safety. However the areas of fairway and basin aren't cope with the enlargement of the dimension of vessels, because dredging for the waters expansion takes long time and costs a great deal. Therefore, the opportunity to maneuver large vessels, which the wind effect acts on easily, is increasing at narrow waters. Ship-handling environments in ports will become severe gradually for mariners. It is difficult to predict the wind effect acts on the ship motion for even mariners experienced in maneuvering large vessels in ports. To predict precisely the wind effect is one of the causes of difficulty to maneuver large vessels. If the prediction of the wind effect is uncertain, the risk of the accident such as grounding a shoal or collision to a quay may increase, especially when a vessel navigates in low speed because the wind velocity become fast relatively. Therefore, it is important and meaningful to provide mariners useful information that shows the wind effect on maneuvering. In preceding study, the authors had developed the method to provide mariners information as the diagrams that show the wind effect in berth-approaching maneuver. In this paper, to develop the supporting information in every situation of the maneuvering in ports, the authors predicted the ship motion under wind effect using simulation in altering maneuver and extracted key indexes for mariners from the result, and then developed the supporting information diagram from the value of the extracted key indexes in altering maneuver.
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成 兪昶, 井上 欣三, 世良 亘
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
91-96
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Recently, environmental stress in port area strengthens with traffic volume increasing. In addition, the available route-width becomes narrow because of the enlargement and the specialization of vessel relatively. Therefore, it's necessary to access the route-width in the view not only of a ship motion but also of traffic congestion. The design method on route-width focuses on the maneuvering of a maximum size ship now. But, this method is not clear on safety because a lot of various vessels exist and pass in same route. To solve this problem, we suggested in the former report how to determine the route-width in consideration of traffic volume near shore. In this research, we set the traffic volume and speed in harbour and carried out simulation in one-way and two-way route. The results showed as relation between route-width and traffic volume. And these lead us to estimate the route-width including the effect of traffic congestion.
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高橋 浩子, 井上 欣三, 世良 亘
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
97-104
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Unsafe Ship-handling model (US-model) is known as an evaluation method which analyzes the potential risk of marine accidents. In previous paper, this model was improved for evaluating small obstacles, definitely. This research aims to evaluate the influence of the pier arrangement by applying the improved US-model to the bridge design on a straight channel and a curved channel. In ship-handling simulator, a bridge with the various pier-pier distances was set on the straight channel. The potential collision risk to the pier decreases when the pier-pier distance is wide enough, such as 2000m by the experiment results. In the traffic simulation, pier-pier distances, pier arrangement types and curved angles were set on the curved channel. The potential collision risk extremely increases at the following conditions. (1) The pier-pier distance is less than 1500m. (2) The curved angle becomes severe at the pier-pier distance is 1000m. (3) The arranged pair of pier is set on the backward side from the curved corner. In conclusion, it can be said that the improved US-model could evaluate the influence of the pier arrangement on a straight and a curved channel clearly.
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齊藤 礼, 庄司 邦昭, 三田 重雄
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
105-110
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Aiming at rationalization of the liquid transportation, a soft tank is proposed for liquid transportation instead of a dry container. Therefore the author carried out a fundamental experiment with a towing train of an experimental water tank. They used an ice pack as a soft tank to compare a solid with liquid. As the result of experiment, average force did not have a difference between liquid cargo and solid one. Experiment value is coincided with Calculation value by exercise equation of mass point system. So that was predictable about increase of force with a center of gravity position rise shared it. In addition, a liquid peak value is higher than a solid value.
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津田 和城, 中嶋 隆勝, 斎藤 勝彦
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
111-117
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In the previous papers, the analysis and the experiment were conducted on the vibration of the package with gaps. As a result, it has been clarified that the vibration of the contents is very different from the one applied to the package, because the vibration transmissibility is nonlinear due to gaps. However, it has not yet been investigated how this nonlinear gap induced vibration has effect on the durability of the contents. In this paper, the accumulated fatigue based on the Palmgren-Miner's rule is used in order to evaluate the vibration durability of the contents. The accumulated fatigue applied to the contents in the transportation environment and in the test one are calculated. As a result, it has been confirmed that gaps have effect on the results of evaluation, because these accumulated fatigue are different due to gaps. It has been clarified that the acceleration ratio of the test (the ratio of the transportation time to the test time) also has effect on the accumulated fatigue applied to the contents.
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矢吹 英雄, 芳村 康男, 右近 良孝, 佐々木 紀幸
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
119-126
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Highly skewed propellers (HSP) produce less noise compared to conventional propellers (CP) and are often used for passenger ships, container ships, PCCs, research ships and training ships. However, it is pointed out that HSPs lead to poor stopping performance especially at slow speed. This paper describes the results of the model tests and simulation studies that aimed at investigating the characteristics of the stopping motion of a ship with a single HSP and a single rudder. Many simulations of stopping maneuver were conducted for various J_<S0>(=U_0/(n・D)) in order to compare the stopping ability between HSP ships and that of ships with a CP. It was found that the stopping distance of an HSP ship is longer than that of a CP ship and that the turning motion of the former ship becomes a little bigger than that of the latter ship. Model test data indicated that the braking power of a HSP is smaller than that of a CP and the lateral force and the yaw moment of a HSP exerted by a propeller reversing are bigger than that of a CP. Based on the results of the simulation study, the authors propose that HSP ships should keep a minimum steerage way for the effective stopping maneuver and also apply a little higher reversing power than in the case of CP ships.
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藤冨 信之, 塩谷 茂明, 戸田 保幸, 溝下 和裕
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
127-134
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The information of ship waves generated by a escort tug boat and ship motions of a fisher boat in ship waves are very important to prevent the damages of the boat and the dangers of passengers on board. The authors had researched about the characteristics of ship waves by three kinds of small boats in field experiment ; the displacement type vessel, the high speed boat and the planning boat. As result, we have obtained many characteristics of ship waves generated by these boats. This paper deals with the measurements of ship motions of a small fisher boat in ship waves generated by a escort tug boat. The experiments of ship motions were carried out in real sea field. The ship waves of a escort tug boat and the rolling and the pitching of a small fisher boat oscillating in these ship waves were measured. As result, we obtained the characteristics of ship waves and motions of a small fisher boat in these ship waves.
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Linjia YANG, Seong-Su LEE, Hiroyuki SADAKANE
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
135-142
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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When a stern tugboat retards and stops an advancing ship by using braking action of propeller, the ship-tugboat hydrodynamic interaction happens inevitably. In order to carry out ship handling in safety and efficiency, it is important to obtain the data on characteristics of the above mentioned ship-tugboat interaction. The measured results of ship hull resistance and tugboat's braking force in interactive condition are achieved by means of model experiments. The characteristics of ship hull resistance and tugboat's braking force under ship-tugboat hydrodynamic interaction are obtained separately in aspects of ship speed, ship tugboat distance and water depth. Finally, the effective braking force and its characteristics of tugboat are suggested according to the analysis on the measurement results.
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樋富 和夫, 山之内 博, 山岸 進, 篠野 雅彦
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
143-150
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This paper describes on the developed helicopter-based fluorescence LIDAR, consisted of Nd:YAG laser and the ICCD camera, to detect spilled oil over the sea day and night. We discriminate spilled oil from water by comparing spectrum of images taken on site with the database which contains fluorescence spectra of oil of various thickness, fluorescence spectra of seawater, and Raman scattering from water. This procedure is installed in on-board monitoring system. The results of airborne tests of the whole LIDAR system show that the fluorescence LIDAR is effective in observing spilled oil over the sea. The installed procedure is precisely evaluated with the data observed over the Atlantic Ocean of France and with the database. The results indicate that the installed procedure can discriminate oil kind from seawater but still needs to improve the accuracy of thickness of oil film in the database and to add fluorescence spectra of drifting substances such as wood to the database.
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夏 海波, 塩谷 茂明, 大澤 輝夫, 小林 英一
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
151-158
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This paper predicted the ocean surface wind in Osaka Bay over 36 hours, from 03:00, May 18, 2005 to 15:00, May 19, 2005, by using the meso-scale meteorological model MM5. A mother domain with 3 km spatial resolution and an inner domain with 1km spatial resolution were built and used for the simulation with the method of 2-way nesting in MM5. Compared the calculated data with the observed one obtained from Japan Meteorological Agency, it is shown that ocean surface wind in Osaka Bay has been well estimated. And the navigational simulations under the effects of wind were conducted using the simulated data of ocean surface wind. It proved that the effects of wind in coastal waters could be estimated correctly in the simulation, which makes a satisfactory contribution to the development of numerical navigation simulation system.
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藤井 勉, 大澤 輝夫, 石田 廣史
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
159-165
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In order to examine the percentage of appearance of the typhoons which have the maximum wind speed in their navigable (left) semicircle, typhoons of 2001 through 2005 are statistically analyzed using the Japan Meteorological Agency Best Track and Mesoscale Analysis data. As a result, 31% of all the typhoons are found to have the maximum wind speed in their left semicircle. The percentage tends to be higher with progress of season, reaching up to 44% in October. It is moreover found that the percentage is greater for eastward-moving typhoons and for those with a traveling speed of over 40km/h. These results indicate that the transition process of a typhoon to an extratropical cyclone is one of the main causes for the appearance of the maximum wind speed in the left semicircle. Thus, this paper finally suggests that caution should be exercised for the left semicircle of the typhoon which approaches to Japan in late autumn, moving eastward at a high speed.
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有村 信夫, 福戸 淳司, 丹羽 康之, 森 勇介
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
167-173
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In order to grasp visibility characteristics of helmsmen, visual observation distance error characteristics of the navigation officers and cadets were investigated. The investigation revealed the following items : Average error of the visual observation distance was 6% for navigation officer and 41% for cadets. Absolute value average error is 21% for navigation officer and 46% for cadets. Compared to relative distance in true value, the visual observed distance error tended to recognize remote places and tended to increase in proportion to the relative distance.
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周 立輝, 新保 雅俊, 大島 正毅
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
175-182
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This paper proposes a method for detecting ships on real-time using navigational image sequence. As pointed out in the previous reports, our proposed method has problem in processing speed performance, although it is precise precision. First, this paper analyzes this problem, and proposes a new method for solving them. Our method distinguishes ships from the character of a moving vector of region. A moving vector is calculated on matching process of region. Matching process takes enormous-processing time. On the other hand, the Lucas-Kanade method (LKM) is popular version two-frame differential methods for optical flow estimation. The LKM can get a pixel flow first. We examined that applying the LKM in substitution for matching process, and we proposes a new method for detecting ships on real-time. We inspected an effect of prposed method by an experiment.
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三好 晋太郎, 原 洋輔, 大津 皓平
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
183-189
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Recently, ship's operators are required to strictly keep the ship's arrival time to the destinating port. Moreover, they must accomplish the mission in cost performance as few as possible. On the other hand, the number of mariners engaging in especially inland navigation has become abruptly reducing. Under these conditions, the mariners cannot help but reduce their bridge works as much as possible. It is not exception in piloting the ship to the desired track line. Thus, it is required that not only course-keeping ability but also tracking one should be also installed with a ship's autopilot system. The authors are developing a new autopilot system with tracking ability. In this paper, we propose a simple tracking system which can be designed based on the mathematical model whose parameters we can estimate very easily using the experimental formula. After the model has been estimated by such a method, linearized and discretized, we can make a simple linearized discrete representation of the tracking problem. Then, we design a linear optimal controller for tracking. Finally, we try some actual on board experiments and analyze the results and pick up some future tasks to be resolved.
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邢 向輝, 井上 欣三, 臼井 英夫, 世良 亘
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
191-197
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In recent years, navigation at nighttime is increasing by deregulation of night entry-into-port restrictions inside ports and harbors. In order to ensure the safety of navigation in those areas, the evaluation based on mariners' perception of safety is needed. In this research, a quantitative expression model of the mariners' perception of safety when approaching toward a shore is proposed to show the difference between at daytime and nighttime, by carrying out ship handling simulator oriented experiments. The data about the perception of safety at daytime and nighttime obtained through the ship handling simulator experiments were analyzed, and it became clear that the mariners' perception of safety at daytime and nighttime has a difference. Moreover, the individual difference about perception of safety of risk averse or risk acceptance was considered in the model.
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渕 真輝, 古莊 雅生, 藤本 昌志, 臼井 伸之介
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
199-206
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Cadets often do not handle the ship properly during onboard training on the ship Fukae maru of Kobe University. There are two reasons why cadets could not completely avoid other ships. First, the cadets cannot recognize the risk of collision ; second, they cannot form and execute a ship-handling strategy. Many studies focus on recognizing collision risk, but there are no studies on ship-handling strategy. The ship-handling strategy was examined using papers that presented navigation situations. Participants are students in a navigation course and experienced men who are masters or navigation officers of merchant vessels. The results indicate that the strategy differs by experience, and that students' strategies were generally not acceptable. Results also suggest differences in how other ships are considered and what action is to be taken. Differences of ship-handling strategy based on experience were discussed.
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堤 教彰, 嶋田 博行, 古荘 雅生, 宮 関
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
207-212
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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As ships have larger mass and tend to suffer disturbance forces of wind, wave and so on. They are regarded as "time lag system" from the point of view of human operation. In order to investigate this field, we have organized the project team which included psychology, naval architecture, marine traffic engineering and human engineering. We have already published the findings of the project in this journal several times as follows. A) The participants made more exact responses under short time lag than long time lag. B) The most difficult situation was the case that involved three conditions simultaneously (slow cursor speed, large time lag and bad brake efficiency). However, our findings leave questions. Then, we improved the apparatus and carried out experiments controlled stringently. The findings revealed that the participants accuracy of response described the usual learning curve under all conditions. But, it was not stabile under long time-lag (10000ms) with trials. These findings suggested that mental work load might be higher in time lag system than in the other situation.
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漆谷 伸介, 佐野 裕司, 江原 美穂, 阿保 純一
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
213-220
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The proportion of dozing in all ship accidents is about 7% (2005). The purpose of this study was to investigate ship accidents caused by dozing watch-keepers that actually resulted in marine accidents. Marine accidents that had been described to the judgment record of Marine Accidents Inquiry Agency between 1994 and 2003 were used for analysis. The authors investigated the relationship between the situations at the doze shipwreck and analyzed data, which included a 30-item categorization procedure. The analysis of fishing vessels revealed there was a notable relationship between the situation of "Generated in coast in Hokkaido" and the influence of "Work tiredness". The analysis of cargo ships revealed there was a notable relationship between the situation of "Watch by one person" and the influence of "Night shift". These results suggest that consideration of ship type may be necessary in developing counter measures.
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竹本 孝弘, 阪本 義治, 古莊 雅生, 嶋田 博行
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
221-228
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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It is said that marine accident caused by human error of ship's navigator, such as mistaking to look out and unusual maneuver, accounts for about 80% of the total accidents. As the process of error caused accident is diverse, we have to research how navigator makes an error firstly. As the result, we can understand how its error causes ships' collision accidents. If we can make clear the process that navigator commits errors, we can build an effective and preventive measure against accidents. The authors established the classification method of human error on ships' collision accidents to make clear the dangerous factors behind an error based on the analysis of human error occurred in these accidents. Moreover the authors made clear the relation among factors regarding the error rising process by making use of the accident analysis using the classification method which authors had already established and reported. Last time, the authors had a grasp that the navigation under particular situation such as restricted visibility and nighttime, influences the process that navigator commits error, however could not make clear the relation between the error and the navigation under particular situation. This time, the authors conducted the error analysis by using quantification method and pointed out characteristics of the human elements in the case of ships' collision accidents occurred in restricted visibility and at night. As results of this study, following characteristics of human elements were pointed out. ・Navigators tend to make conjectures on other ship's avoiding action even if navigators realize the risk of collision in restricted visivility. ・Navigators do not tend to detect the risk of collision even if navigators realize the other ship existence at night.
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太田 進, 川竹 良美
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
229-236
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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To facilitate security assessment and security plan development required by the International Code for the Security of Ships and Port Facilities, various maritime administrations/organizations have published guidelines, which recommend methodologies similar to risk-based safety assessment. However, the recommended methodologies tend to rely largely on subjective evaluations by persons who conduct the assessment, leading to arbitrary judgments. More rational and objective assessment has thus been sought. The purpose of this study is to extract objective facts that are useful for security assessment. For this purpose we have developed the security incident database and analyzed the incidents. Based on the analysis, we point out that bombing has a significant factor in maritime security assessment, as well as in security assessment for shore side facilities.
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西井 典子, 古莊 雅生, 藤本 昌志, 渕 真輝
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
237-243
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Every vessel shall proceed in accordance with the LAW FOR PREVENTING COLLISION AT SEA around the Japanese sea area so that may avoid a collision. It is very important that the application of Navigation Rule should be proper. The application of Navigation Rule begins when the Risk of the collision is decided rationally. As for the vessel which has keep out of the way another vessel at first, the duty doesn't change due to the change in the conditions after that caused by the progress of the time. But, it came to appear that it lets think over about the judgment of the application of Marine Accidents Inquiry recently. So, the following result could get it when the judgment record of Marine Accidents Inquiry Agency (MAIA) was researched. The judgment of the application of Navigation Rule varies even in the same circumstances among navigators. And, their good seamanship is missing with neglecting an ordinary practice of seamen. The authors consider that it is necessary that the judgment of the application of Navigation Rule becomes the same in not only navigators but also all persons concerned to reduce a collision. As for proposing it as a conclusion from this research, it is necessary it unifies the recognition of every seafarer, and try to reconsider education in the first once again. Then, educational facilities and MAIA should keep in touch with seafarers for more improvement.
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清水 健一, 高山 久明, 合田 政次, 山脇 信博
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
245-251
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In former papers, it was reported that a measuring system was developed for the quantitative comparison of the skills of veteran scullers in working a "Ro-scull" with those of inexperienced scullers. In the previous report, with focusing attention on the scull lock as a fulcrum, the three-component force acting on the scull lock was measured and compared. The inexperienced scullers averagely showed a large longitudinal and vertical component force. In contrast, the veteran scullers were applying a large horizontal component force. Based on the above experimental results, the testee scullers' motions in working a Ro-scull were visually recorded in this report for the purpose to evaluate the skill of working a Ro-scull in the light of how testee scullers move their bodies. The below stated findings were obtained from the picture image analysis of motions of five testee scullers including three veterans. (1) The amount of motion of each part of testee sculler's body could be quantitatively indicated as a time series waveform from a motion picture taken by a digital camera. (2) The trajectory of Ro-scull head is similar to a circular arc centering on the point of origin while pushing Ro-scull outward. (3) According to the comparison among testee scullers, one veteran sculler showed the smallest amount of movement of right elbow and Ro-scull head. It is believed that the analysis of veteran scullers' motions in working a Ro-scull presents the key points to teach the trick of their way of working a Ro-scull when training beginners to work a Ro-scull.
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行平 真也, 高山 久明, 清水 健一, 合田 政次
原稿種別: 本文
2007 年 117 巻 p.
253-260
発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The purpose of this study is to find out what is a "ship" imagined by the students of faculty of fishery and to examine the effects of on-board training. The results of various studies are described as follows : 1. in the survey of the attributes of those surveyed, it was found that particularly the students of faculty of fishery had many opportunities to be involved with a ship compared to the students of other faculties ; 2. in the survey of maritime orientation, although there was no significant difference in the orientation between those who had on-board experience and those who did not, it was found that the experience of boarding a training ship left strong impression to many of those who had boarded as they answered that their specific impressions of "ship" and "seaman" were those of training ship and its crew ; 3. it was found that the students who had a broad range of backgrounds held the various impressions of ship as the semantic structure of "ship", based on their impressions, had varieties and ranged widely ; and 4. it was suggested that the long-term on-board training was an experience that inspired a desire to become a seaman as many students cited the training as the reason why they determined to go to the Major Course of Fisheries. Based on the above survey results, the effects of on-board training are examined.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 117 巻 p.
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発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 117 巻 p.
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発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 117 巻 p.
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発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 付録等
2007 年 117 巻 p.
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発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 表紙
2007 年 117 巻 p.
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発行日: 2007/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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