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原稿種別: 表紙
2009 年 121 巻 p.
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発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 付録等
2009 年 121 巻 p.
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発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
ジャーナル
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原稿種別: 付録等
2009 年 121 巻 p.
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発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 目次
2009 年 121 巻 p.
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発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 目次
2009 年 121 巻 p.
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発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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村井 康二, 脇田 慎一, 宮道 隆, 林 祐司
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
1-6
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This paper describes an evaluation of mental workload of a professional who has a lot of on-board experience (Captain, unlimited licensed mariner). We evaluate their performance using a ship handling simulator, and ascertain their mental workload based on salivary amylase activity. We show the effect of physiological indices named "Salivary Amylase Activity: SAA index" for their performance and characteristics of mental workload. In this paper, we confirm whether the response to their performance for the ship handling is clear or not. The research of mariner using SAA index is the first challenge through worldwide.
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疋田 賢次郎, 三友 信夫, 福戸 淳司, 吉村 健志
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
7-12
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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A visual lookout support system for recognition and operation of RADAR/ARPA information with Head-up display has been developed. This system has a translucent RADAR/ARPA information display (Head-up display), which is placed on a compass enabling to see both RADAR/ARPA information on the display and actual target ship. The basic functions of the system were evaluated using a ship handling simulator. The possibility of a use of the system was confirmed. The effectiveness of the system was also evaluated through actual watch keeping operations using a ship handling simulator and we summarized merits and demerits of the system for tasks of collision avoidance.
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西崎 ちひろ, 今津 隼馬, 藤坂 貴彦
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
13-18
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Ship's navigation officers are required to recognize many ships' movement and to avoid collision risk in sea area with high traffic density. However, radar information is based on reflection of targets. To obtain reliable information of other ships' movement, they have to select target ship's Radar echo from a lot of Radar echoes. If the radar could be discriminate between ships and other images and the automatic acquire function of Automatic Radar Plotting Aid system (ARPA) could be used effectively, ship's officers' workloads would be reduced. In this study, radar echo characters such as size, echo level, and continuous lap were focused and automatic ships image detection algorithm was developed. Continuous lap meant the lap of same position images with superposition of continuous two Radar Images. As a result, the Image processing was enabled to narrow down from 922 to 46 images including 21 ships images. This detective method shows that narrowing down images is available under easy Image processing with short intervals.
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横井 威, 庄司 るり, 田丸 人意, 矢吹 英雄, 大津 皓平
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
19-26
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Regarding the development of a land support system based on weather routing to calculate the optimal route of the vessel, which is required to use the high accuracy datasets of predicted ocean environments. However, recent weather routing services are not possible to forecast the environmental datasets and depending on a few forecast agencies with high-cost in the limited sea area. In this paper, we develop a numerical weather prediction system for the weather routing service, which is based on the parallel processing technology. In addition, we propose a package-based deployment mechanism for the numerical weather prediction model with scalability and flexibility and describe its implementation method and the benchmark results. Finally, we show the forecast results of the surface wind at a local sea area could be successfully simulated by proposed system.
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庄司 るり, 足達 宏之, 大津 皓平
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
27-37
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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A ship's abstract logbook contains a lot of useful information on the outline of navigation. Previous studies on the abstract logbook have focused on the long term performances of the objective ship. In this paper, simple methods for estimating and evaluating ship's propulsive performance at seas are proposed by analyzing the abstract logbook data for comparatively short term. The target ship is a container ship of 6,200TEU with the abstract logbook records for 6 voyages in winter 2007. The engine power at calm sea is estimated from the logbook data analyzing the ship resistance, the resistance increase and the sea margin. It is also demonstrated that the proposed method is useful to evaluate the actual ship performance. And, this method is capable of providing a way to determine an operation guideline, by connecting the change of engine power and propeller revolution with ship's speed and sea margin as well as introducing the effective engine performance chart.
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濱地 義法, 石田 邦光, 鈴木 秀司
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
39-48
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Recently, we can obtain easily the meteorological satellite images by using the internet on the shipboard. However, most of navigational officers have not knowledge and use experience about the satellite images. Actually, the meteorological satellite images indicate some weather conditions cannot be predicted in a weather chart or the latest forecast before the departure on a voyage. Then a purpose of this study is to propose a guideline for use of meteorological satellite images for the navigational officers. In this study, from the meteorological satellite images, we were able to classify some characteristics of the cloud condition when the phenomenon such as the freak waves or the gusts that might cause the obstacle to the safety navigation occurs. Thus we arranged the result in this paper, and proposed a guideline when a navigation officer uses a meteorological satellite image.
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稲石 正明, 近藤 逸人, 川口 明
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
49-54
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This research aims at utilizing the marine traffic flow simulation based on an autonomous ship cluster behavior model for route planning. Marine traffic flow simulations were performed with various route dimensions and traffic conditions, and the route navigation characteristics of ship agents were investigated. The marine traffic flow simulation system we developed contains route dimension parameters such as route distance, route width, and route deflection angle. Also controlled by the system are traffic condition parameters such as traffic volume, number of inlet/outlet ways, entry/departure angles, approach distance, and exit run-up distance. The route navigation characteristics of ship agent groups were analyzed mainly using the group navigation energy, and the following results were obtained: (1) The distance of the approach section had a big impact on deviation from the intended route. (2) As the route width increased, the group navigation energy in the approach section decreased and that in the route section increased. (3) The group navigation energy of the route section increased as the route deflection angle increased.
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瀬田 広明, 小野 太津也, 矢野 雄基, 鈴木 治
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
55-61
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The Irago traffic route connects Ise-wan and the pacific ocean. Many ships in Ise-wan use radio communications of VHF band. The VHF radio communication may be increased after the AIS is equipped. The AIS is used on many coastal and ocean going vessels. These information of AIS and VHF radio communication are used when a deck officer decide the own course and speed. However, the reason and background are unknown how the changing his course and speed. This paper describes the result of observing the Marine traffic in Ise-wan by AIS and VHF communications. The authors designed and built the AIS and VHF radio communications recording system. The AIS and VHF Radio communication are received at the Toba College of Maritime Technology. The using VHF channels are almost 16th, 6ch and coast station. The ship to ship communication is 15%. The point of calling by radio is usually located along a traffic route of Pacific to Nagoya. The distance between two ships are far in order of passing, crossing and counter. The VHF radio communication between onboard deck officers expands a permissible range of their safety which shows decreasing SJ value in that case.
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久保田 崇, 河口 信義
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
63-68
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The aim of this study is to analyze a mechanism of the action with focus on taking action to avoid collision. In this paper, first, a usual navigator's decision-making and action model to avoid collision by navigation information is described and illustrated in order to compare with the navigator's actual process to avoid collision. Second, the outline of the experiment by means of navigation simulator is described. A navigator who has much experience of navigation is participated as the experimental subject, on the experiment, his subjective risk of collision for a target that is closing and time length for his decision-making, and taking action by means of different modes, Visual sight and ARPA are recorded. Finally, the navigator's process for taking action to avoid collision by means of the modes were compared and considered and quantified the model.
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津金 正典, 金子 仁, 伊藤 格
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
69-76
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The effect of long stay at coal and iron ore exporting ports in Australia due to port congestion for last three years has remarkably appeared on the bio-fouling and fuel consumption of ships on homeward voyages. The coal export volume from Australia to Japan is so big that a lot of coal carriers destined for Japan are obliged to wait for long time at loading ports in Australia. This effect is a big problem for ship operating companies accompany with the rise of fuel oil price. Bio-fouling also is considered as the causes of transportation of aquatic species. The necessity of counter measures against bio-fouling has been discussed at IMO. Then authors investigated the conditions for last 10 years of port stay of ships for Japan at Newcastle and Gladstone which are main coal export ports. And also the operation record of a coal carrier engaged in Australian service was investigated. The effect of bio-fouling of ship was analyzed based on the coefficient of fuel consumption for unit hour as the evaluation value.
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金子 仁, 津金 正典, 伊藤 格
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
77-83
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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For an anti-fouling technique of ship's hull, an AF (anti-fouling) paint is generally used. There are, however, several parts on a hull where a lot of marine organisms are attached because an AF paint is difficult to apply completely at a dock, is easily torn off and consumed quickly when a ship is in service. This is true, for example, inside areas such as the bowthruster tunnel, sea chests, the rope guard and on the propeller. For these parts, efficient anti fouling techniques are needed. We carried out an experiment using a surfactant, and found it to be a good method to prevent biofouling of ships. We propose the use of a surfactant as an anti-biofouling technique for the hull.
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塩谷 茂明
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
85-93
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The examination of marine sessile organisms on anti-fouling paint is very important for the prevention of infestation by Balanomorpha, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Serpulidae and other marine organisms by the decrease of ship fouling, condenser tube corrosion and flow reduction of hot water exhaust port in an atomic power station. This paper deals with the method of examination for the properties of fouling and fading of marine organisms on anti-fouling paint by using real small boat. It was found that this method is very effective for the examination of fouling and fading of marine sessile organisms on the testing paint.
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村山 雅己, 山岸 史典
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
95-101
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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We conducted the experiment measuring the electric field strength and communicating by VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) system with wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) in the steel vessel of 10,000 gross ton. The IEEE802.11b access points (2.4GHz) were used in this study. The measured electric field strength was higher than that calculated assuming free-space propagation in the vehicle deck (164m×27m) space of the steel vessel, because of the influence of the reflected wave etc. Communication by a wireless IP phone was possible everywhere in the vehicle deck using one access point. In the case of the SUNFLOWER (10,000-ton class RORO vessel), if 4 access points are set up on every floor, the electric field is strong enough for communication with a wireless IP phone. Each of four access points was installed on both sides of the prow and stern areas. Interference and noise were not observed in the 2.4GHz band on the voyage in the bridge.
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藤江 晋平, 堀 晶彦, 奥田 成幸, 新井 康夫
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
103-109
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Today UAIS (Universal Automatic Identification System) has been under full operation on ocean-going vessels all over the world. For example, this system was set up on all domestic vessels of over 500GT. Under the present situation, some troubles of AIS data reception are reported because Class-A is going to be enforced completely. But the reliability on this systems and availability for seafarers are not researched sufficiently. Thus the authors surveyed the reliability of the system and examined how seafarers could make full use of it. So, some questionnaire survey were conducted for domestic seafarers who sail especially in congested areas in order to investigate how they can learn to use the system effectively. The survey showed that about half the respondents used the AIS only on board their vessels, while the others used it with overlaying its data with RADAR and ECDIS. The questionnaire survey also gave the following reality-based opinions: (1) AIS is available system for safe navigation of vessels, (2) there is some differences in perception between the seafarers that uses only AIS (stand-alone) and those who use overlaying techniques, and (3) there are some concerns about the reliability of AIS data.
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下野 孝一, 高峯 恭平
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
111-116
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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We measured the reaction time to detect a circle (0.6deg arc in diameter), presented for 0.5msec on two dimensional still and motion pictures, and the frequency of response errors to oversight it. The pictures were views of shore which was videotaped from a deck in the small boat, whose vessel speed was 0, 5, or 18kt, at two different sea roads (near scenery and far scenery). Ten observers viewed the pictures projected on a big screen (27deg arc x 43deg arc) with the intention to simulate the navigation of the small boat. The results showed that 1) the reaction time for the still picture was less than those for the motion pictures and 2) the percentage of the oversight of the stimulus in the motion picture of near scenery with the highest speed was much higher than those in other pictures. Some implications of these results on the role of visual attention during the navigating are discussed.
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林 祐司, 藤澤 邦臣, 村井 康二
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
117-124
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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A few of marine pilots have gotten severe personal accidents on board and closed their businesses. Their pilot associations have been struggling to keep their safety on board. However, their situations are not improved dramatically nowadays. In this paper, we investigate into the marine pilots' personal accidents on board for 20 years from 1989 to 2008. From the results of the investigations, we propose methods for keeping marine pilot safety on board. The results of the investigations show that their dangerous behavior happens between a pilot ladder and a pilot boat transfer. For avoiding such kind of dangerous situations, we propose to develop a supporting device for receiving falling them.
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Koji MURAI, Sam TEEL, Daniel S. PARROTT, Yuji HAYASHI
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
125-130
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Mental workload is useful for evaluating performance of a ship's navigator: a captain, a duty officer, and a pilot. The heart rate variability (R-R interval), the nasal temperature and the salivary amylase predict well based on pre-experiments; however, most of the research tests a professional's skill. The evaluation does not test a cadet's skill yet. In this paper, we evaluate a cadet's R-R interval as he guides a ship from a narrow channel to open sea, and consider simulator training effects. The experiment is carried out using a ship bridge simulator, not a real ship. We show the R-R interval is a good index for the evaluation of marine simulator training.
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逸見 真
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
131-139
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Port State Control, PSC activity might be the most effective method to find and improve Sub-Standard vessels in international shipping. Back ground for PSC had been opened by UN Convention on the law of the sea, port state jurisdiction provided. Current PSC has mainly been established on the above jurisdiction and composed with non-binding instrument named Memorandum of Understanding, MOU as soft law. On the other hand, Paris MOU which is one of MOUs has become the binding instrument by Directive in EU law. The current MOU systems have 2 kinds of instruments as binding and non-binding tools. However there may be some issues due to it's legal system. This paper will notice issues caused by 2 legal systems of MOU with survey of MOU origin, especially Paris MOU as illustration and will propose adequate measures, which shall be roles by MOU through merits of soft law and IMO, for improvements of the issues.
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笹谷 敬二
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
141-151
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The ratio of Mariners' accidents is very higher than that in other industries. Measures of Safety and Health of Mariners are influenced by Mariners Law, Regulation for Labor, Safety and Sanitation of Mariners, and Act on Promotion of Safety and Sanitation of Seafarers; Industrial Safety and Health Act is not applied to Mariners. These regulations for Mariners are lack of the articles of guidelines and guidance, recommendation, and state assistance, compared to Industrial Safety and Health Act. This paper refers to necessity of legal basis of administrative measures for reducing Mariners' accidents.
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小林 裕史, 小林 豪
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
153-159
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Japanese Port Regulations Law is enacted for the purpose of ensuring ship traffic and its arrangement in ports. In Article 3, this law defines "miscellaneous vessels" as a specific notion. The definition, however, has never been revised since Japanese Port Regulation Law was enacted, while port conditions and facilities these days have much differed from those of the past. Therefore, it can lead to ambiguous understandings among participants to port operation. This paper, based on the researches in the distress cases relating to miscellaneous vessels, proposes a revision of the definition to make its content more suitable for today's port circumstances.
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芳村 康男, 雨宮 伊作, 松川 英輔, 今 吾一
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
161-167
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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When a ship is anchoring in a stormy weather, the anchor often comes off due to the extreme overload of the mooring force. Then, the ship begins to run and sometimes causes aground, and this makes a serious disaster. The accident of "Toya-maru" was also one of them. There are still such accidents and lost many crew in these days. However, the mechanism of anchor mooring force in a stormy weather is complicated and not clear. Although the wind force to the superstructure becomes the major anchor mooring force, it may not be enough even if the wave drifting force is considered. In this paper, the accident of the sail training ship "Kaiwo Maru" that was caused under the stormy weather by the large-scale typhoon off Hushiki-Toyama harbor in 2004 is investigated based on the model tests. Then, it is found that the peak mooring force becomes extremely larger even in the ahead condition against wind and wave when the ship is more strongly pulled by the wind force and wave drifting force. This may causes the some kind of deadlock condition that the windlass can not pull up the anchor but the anchor begins to walk, until at last the above mentioned accident may happen in the stormy weather.
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兼原 壽生, 清水 健一, 木下 宰, 高山 久明
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
169-176
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Kakuyo Maru (155GT, hereinafter referred to as "the Vessel"), a training ship of Nagasaki University Faculty of Fisheries, which was completed in FY2004 and is equipped with two Danforth anchors, whose weight in air is 125 kilograms each. Due to the impact of weather and oceanographic phenomena, the Vessel has often dragged its anchor when anchoring. While anchoring the anchor watchman has to make sure whether the holding power of the anchor of the Vessel surpasses external force by wind or tidal current. Another point is that the anchor watchman needs to know the holding limit of the anchor against wind or tidal current, In this study, the projected area above and below the water line of the Vessel was calculated from drawings, and also the external force by wind or tidal current was computed. Meanwhile, the tension acting on the anchor as well as wind and tidal current at the time of anchoring under rough weather was measured. Also, the maximum holding power of the anchor was measured by letting the Vessel drag its anchor, and a subsequent state of dragging anchor was reemerged. In addition, a dragging experiment using the soil of the seabed at the anchorage and a model anchor was conducted, and the variation of holding power due to the difference of the nature of the seabed was examined. As a result, certain findings were obtained and are reported here. (1) The holding coefficient of Danforth anchor varies depending on the nature of the seabed and is approximately proportional to the median particle diameter of the ground of the seabed. (2) In the model experiment, even after once the dragging anchor started, a half of the maximum momentary holding coefficient of the anchor can be expected as far as the anchor is biting the ground. (3) In performing a measurement under rough weather, relative force of wind and tidal current was estimated as approximately 2tons at the moment when the largest tension (0.7tons) acted on the anchor. The one-minute mean tension at that time was 0.25tons, which was roughly in accordance with the calculated value.
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畑中 勝守, 和田 雅昭
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
177-183
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This paper presents a seabed classification algorithm based on the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for quantitative echo-sounders. The authors confirmed in the previous works the powers of wavelet coefficients (wavelet power) calculated by the analysis of reflections in the echo-sounders observation yield significant differences among seabed textures at the low frequency levels in DWT. The authors concluded that the present method would have a possibility for the seabed classification. In order to verify this in the real seabed classifications, the experiment using the Ultrasonic Boundary Level Meter BL-550 made by Sonic Corporation, Japan was performed at Okinawa in December 2008. Consequently 94.2% of sand seabed can be classified from others and 82.0% of rock can be classified by the linear discrimination functions made of maximum values of wavelet power. The algorithm for the embedded software for the quantitative echo-sounders is also presented for the real-time seabed classification for the coastal fisheries.
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芳村 康男
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
185-190
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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When a ship is proceeding into the shallow water, ship's sinkage and bow trim are increased. These tendencies become larger as the bottom clearance is decreased. This phenomenon is generally called as squat, and this sometimes makes the bottom touch or aground in harbour or fairway, and then caused the serious marine disaster such as oil prolusions. The researches of squat have been developed particularly in western countries where many canal and river water ways are provided. There are many methods for predicting the squat. However, the prediction methods that are mainly proposed based on potential theory are complicated and not sufficient in accuracy. In this paper, the simple prediction formula of bow squat is presented based on experimental model tests as well as theoretical approach. Firstly, the increment of sinkage and trim in shallow water is investigated, where it is found that that the Tuck's simple sinkage model is available for predicting the increment of midship sinkage in stead of the absolute value of sinkage. Meanwhile, the increment of bow trim in shallow water has been introduced from the experimental model tests because of the difficulty of theoretical approach. Finally, adding the bow sinkage in deep water, the simple prediction model of bow squat is proposed here. As the bow squat can be easily calculated from ship's particulars L_<PP>, B, d, C_b, ship's speed U, water depth h and width, this formula will help for the evaluation of safety keel clearance on board.
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笹 健児, 寺田 大介, 塩谷 茂明, 小林 英一
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
191-197
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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From viewpoint of ship safety and cargo management, in previous study we are cleared that it is very important for making a criterion of judgment of ferry cancel based on both observed ship motions when the ship encounters a typhoon and coastal wave data at that time. In this study, we attempted to improve the accuracy of numerical reproductions of ship motions based on observed coastal waves. The model considering the memory effect function is introduced. The verification of the model is carried out by using the data of ship motions were observed with 5,000GT type ferry boat, and the coastal wave data were recorded with NOWOHAS as well as our previous study. A couple of future problems with respect to the simulation model are considered.
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榊原 繁樹, 小林 英一, 大竹 祐一郎, 山口 将人, 久保 雅義
原稿種別: 本文
2009 年 121 巻 p.
199-206
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In our previous study, a numerical simulation procedure on moored ship motions induced by tsunami was proposed, and characteristics of the motions and the mooring loads affected by berth location, ship kind, ship condition and mooring system especially in fender types were investigated. During our investigation, it has been appeared that currents around the ship which is moored near to harbor entrances and/or edges of inside harbor vary drawing a vortex. In this case, excess current forces in not only sway and surge but also in yaw may act the ship. In this paper, we propose a calculation method on current forces of ship under the uneven tsunami currents in direction of ship's bow and stern, and investigate the effect using the simulation procedure.
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原稿種別: 付録等
2009 年 121 巻 p.
App3-
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 表紙
2009 年 121 巻 p.
Cover2-
発行日: 2009/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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