日本航海学会論文集

操船者に求められる資質としての航海計器の取扱い能力とその情報の取扱いについての一考察―電子海図情報表示装置（ECDIS）を中心としてー

岡田健太郎, 藤本昌志, 藤原紗衣子, 渕真輝

2015 年 132 巻 p. 1-8
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.1

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It has become more difficult to voyage safely using human senses due to the upsizing and speeding up of ships. In order to help cope with the increasing difficulties, navigational instruments have been developed to support human senses. Above all, the advent of ECDIS has changed traditional watch duty on the bridge. The increased reliance on navigational instruments like ECDIS, has some negative consequences as well, and as a result marine accidents have occurred. Keeping this in mind, the purpose of this paper is ① to increase awareness of the appropriate uses of navigational equipment information, ② to investigate the relationship between the qualities of navigational equipment information and the operator, and ③ to discuss Marine Accident Inquiries with the goal of learning how to solve these problems. First, this paper will introduce occurrences of marine accidents using ECDIS. Next, the legal position of navigational equipment will be considered, and finally, conclusions will be drawn about the qualities of the appropriate uses and the operators in regards to navigational equipment.

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視界制限状態における航法の適用と運動ベクトル

渕真輝, 藤本昌志, 臼井伸之介, 廣野康平

2015 年 132 巻 p. 9-15
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.9

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Campaigns for preventing marine casualty in restricted visibility are carried out every year, but these type of accidents to continue occur. Awareness campaigns suggest using radar suitably, observing the conduct of vessels in restricted visibility, among other precautions. However, other studies have pointed out that some navigators improperly understood how to apply rule in restricted visibility and how to use vector modes on the radar screen. When taking these situations into account, this study investigates how navigators are applying rule in restricted visibility and their understanding of vector mode. The study was conducted by questionnaires, and the results suggest the following: (1) Many navigators confuse conduct of vessels in sight of one another and conduct of vessels in restricted visibility.(2) Some navigators understanding of vector mode is dubious. In the final part of paper, measures for preventing marine casualties are discussed.

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操船者の可罰性 - 刑事過失と人間科学 -

逸見真

2015 年 132 巻 p. 16-27
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.16

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Several human sciences for special qualities like as human's recognition, heredity or human's factors have been wining development in recent years. According to those sciences, today, the one of the science knowledge which nobody as individual could do everything without any errors, attains academic common one. There are two standards for criminal negligence. The negligence is decided based on actual offender's conditions in accordance with standard of an act by an ordinary person when he would have been at the same position of offender. The said science knowledge might have an influence on offender's conditions and the standard as an ordinary person for that decision. Especially, it will become doubtful whether the concept of an ordinary person would keep the position as the above standard in the future. On this papers, author would like to look for the problem on criminal negligence focusing on an ordinary person who shall be effected by science knowledge. And finally, author may offer the repeal of slight and usual criminal negligence at least.

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うねり性波浪に伴う富山湾沿岸の水位変動について

河合雅司, 平山克也, 北村康司, 川口清司

2015 年 132 巻 p. 28-35
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.28

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The big swells invade the Toyama Bay from October to March as usual, and cause wave disasters around the Toyama Bay. The swells with significant wave period of 10 seconds or more and significant wave height of 1 meter or more, are called Yorimawari Waves. Fluctuations of water level with the periods of about 30 minutes and a few minutes are caused on the coast of the Toyama Bay, when Yorimawari Waves invade the Toyama Bay.
Water level data observed on the coast of the Toyama Bay from January to April 2013 were processed by using harmonic analysis, and they were cleared that the fluctuations with the period of about 30 minutes are caused by atmospheric pressure and the fluctuations with the period of a few minutes in Toyama New Port are secondary undulation caused by invasions of Yorimawari Waves.

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国際フィーダー航路の集貨力に関する基礎研究－西日本からの輸出コンテナ流動を中心として－

永岩健一郎, 松尾俊彦, 新谷浩一, 田中康仁

2015 年 132 巻 p. 36-43
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.36

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Container terminals have been developed in many local ports of Japan in the last two decades. They are supposed to be used for container traffics from/to Eastern Asia such as Korea, China, etc. Therefore, the hub function of major ports in Japan has been lost in competitive circumstances with ports in neighboring countries.
In this paper, we analyze the export traffics from Japan with consideration of domestic feeder service connecting major ports and local ports, applying an aggregate logit model. Our results show that the shipping speed of feeder service and the value of cargoes, these affect the shift of cargo flow to Japanese main ports from other countries' main ports.

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ソマリア周辺海域における海賊活動の地理的分布の変化

渡部大輔, 永田康宏, 鳥海重喜

2015 年 132 巻 p. 44-50
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.44

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Recently, piracy attacks occurred off the coast of Somalia and threaten the ships and vessels navigating on the sea lane between Asia and Europe. The purpose of this study is to analyze the change of geographic distribution of piracy attacks around Somalia. To achieve this purpose, we plotted the points of piracy attacks from 2005 to 2013 using Geographic Information System and analyze the distance from coast of Somalia and transit corridor in the Gulf of Aden, and Kernel Density Method.

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Study on Short-term Variability of Ship Responses in Waves

Toshio Iseki, Ulrik Dam Nielsen

2015 年 132 巻 p. 51-57
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.51

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Short-term variability of ship responses is investigated by cross-spectrum analysis. In a steady state condition, it is well known that a certain length of sampled data is required for stable results of the spectral analysis. However, the phase lag between responses, in terms of the phase angle of the cross-spectra, has not been discussed in detail. Using long stationary time series, the transition of amplitudes and relative phase angles of the cross-spectra has been investigated by iterative analyzes with a few seconds of time shifting. In the results, the short-term variability of the relative phase angle was observed. In effect, the variability may compromise the accuracy of the wave buoy analogy.

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唾液硝酸イオンを用いたポートコーディネーターの心的負荷定量評価

北村健一, 村井康二, 脇田慎一, 林祐司

2015 年 132 巻 p. 58-62
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.58

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This study proposes the quantitative evaluation of mental workload for port-coordinator using NO₃^- included in saliva, which is one of physiological indices. The NO₃^- is secreted into blood and also blood-borne saliva when a human body receives the mental workload.
So far we have tried a lot of evaluations based on a ship handling simulator; however, we still have not do firsthand experiments on a ship and in navigational environments. This study focuses on Hakata Port which is ideal environment for an experimental scale. We were carried out an experiment for port-coordinators of Hakata Port Radio. We report the results of experiments.

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船舶でのインターネット接続環境の構築と評価－定額制モバイルデータ通信の効率的な利用－

霜田一将, 渡部翔, 坂利明, 鈴木治

2015 年 132 巻 p. 63-70
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.63

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Recently, communications speed of several tens Mbps and flat-rate service have been available as radio links. Although, it is especially difficult to maintain the connected state from ships by using them. The purpose of the paper is that the authors construct the stable Internet connection by efficiently utilizing them for ship to shore. There has been literature on aspects of data collection system to understand marine traffic data from ship and shore. We examined by a simulation built at Toba Maritime College and applied the results to Training Ship TAISEIMARU (Length 125m, 5,887 Gross tons). The following are the results obtained: By limiting of number of NAT (Network Address Translation) descriptor, it reduced the occupancy rate of the line to approximately one-seventh, so that a median of Round Trip Time improved approximately 100ms. Moreover, we established the unattended network connection automatic changeover system by using Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol for ship and shore.

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大規模災害時におけるDTN技術を用いた複合的な船陸間災害情報共有ネットワークの提案と評価－可搬型DTN基地局による検討－

霜田一将, 植田啓文, 木下峻一, 加藤浩

2015 年 132 巻 p. 71-77
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.71

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By the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011, some base stations of telephones and cellphones suffered serious damages, so that afflicted people had difficulty communicating with each other. Since ships are equipped with some communication devices including satellite together with an independent electric power, they have a capability to help people to obtain and share important information immediately after a disaster. Therefore, a system for sharing information between disaster victims and supporters and preventing the second accident is required for ships. Previously, there are some literature on WiFi networks between ship and shore. However, nothing on how to construct information sharing networks between a ship and a disaster-stricken area. The purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate hybrid information sharing networks between ship and shore by using DTN technology for large-scale disasters. We constructed and evaluated those using portable DTN base stations and DTN tablet stations between Ishinomaki port and Ishinomaki port office, Ishinomaki port office and Hiyoriyama park. Those systems were suggested effective to facilitate information sharing between a ship and a disaster stricken area.

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東京湾・浦賀水道海上の航路における3G電波強度調査

大島浩太, 古谷雅理, 竹本孝弘, 庄司るり

2015 年 132 巻 p. 78-85
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.78

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A small vessel like a fishing vessels and pleasure boats account most of the marine accidents with the fatality or missing person in these five years. For preventing such a marine accidents, it is important to make a contact immediately to stop such accident. Current major way of accident notification is by using AIS or Satellite communication based system. Although these ways are useful for marine accident detecting, it is not mandatory to equip those systems to a small vessel. Furthermore, current systems are expensive for a small vessel.
In this study, we focused on that 3G radio communication having possibilities to be available in coastal waters of Tokyo, measured 3G radio field intensity by developed measurement system in Tokyo Bay and Uraga Channel. From the results of the measurement experiment, we showed the 3G radio can receive on the sea of around 5km from the land and near the sea surface. The realization of new marine accidents prevention system can be expected by utilizing the 3G communications in coastal waters of Japan We described the design of the system that takes into account the characteristics of 3G communications on the sea.

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船舶搭載型CTD・ADCPによる富山湾の海洋環境調査

千葉元, 浜田健史, 道田豊, 橋本心太郎

2015 年 132 巻 p. 86-96
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.86

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Toyama Bay, a semi-enclosed water area on the northern coast of Japan with an average water depth at 600 m, is known to have three primary water masses: the coastal surface layer, Tsushima Warm Current water and Japan Sea proper water. The present study describes the oceanographic characteristics of the bay based on the oceanographic observation programs, which include temperature and salinity with a CTD (Conductivity, Temperature and Depth profiler) system and current velocities with shipmounted ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler), onboard, Toyama National College of Technology (TNCT) training ship, Wakashio-maru, from 2004 to 2012. By the ADCP observations at 2010, 2011 and 2012, we observed the main path of Tsushima Warm Current and an anticlockwise eddy with its diameters of about 20-30 nautical miles in the inner parts of the bay. We compared these ADCP data with a numerical simulation results for ocean current and satellite remote sensing data for the Chlorophyll-a concentration.

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浅水域を定常操縦運動する船の船体沈下・トリムに関する基礎的研究

奥田晃生, 佐野将昭

2015 年 132 巻 p. 97-104
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.97

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When sailing in shallow water, the special attention should be given to the sinkage and trim of a ship. In order to prevent her from grounding, the amount of them have to be estimated well and the water depth should be kept enough deep for safe navigation. From this reason, a lot of estimated formulas based on the experimental and numerical studies have been proposed until now. Although they have a big advantage in the practical view point, there seem to be no universal formulas which are applicable to any type of ships with qualitative accuracy. Besides, there is little information about the effect of maneuvering motion on the sinkage and trim despite there are many situations in which a ship passes a curve of a waterway or is drifted by tidal currents or river flow.
In this study, the numerical analysis of the sinkage and trim of a ship in steady maneuvering motion in shallow water is made by using a free and open source CFD software. The amount of them is estimated with a variety of the hull drift angle, yaw rate and water depth. The pressure distributions on the hull are also shown for discussing the hydrodynamic mechanism. The bow squat in steady maneuvering motion is estimated finally. Such kind of information would be also important as well as that in running straight.

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操船者の見張り作業におけるエラーモードの検討

西崎ちひろ, 伊藤博子, 竹本孝弘

2015 年 132 巻 p. 105-113
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.105

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Navigator error is estimated to cause about 79% of all ship collisions in Japan. It is highly possible that there are many navigators' errors not leading to serious ship collisions. To understand navigator errors, an experimental study on navigator erroneous behavior in navigational watch-keeping was conducted. By use of a cognition and activity model for watch-keeping task, which is developed based on Endsley's situation awareness model, we analyzed navigators' skills to focus attention on a ship with collision hazard. Two types of errors that may cause ship collisions were identified, and their causing factors were discussed. One of identified errors was delay of perception, and this error meant that navigators detected a ship with collision hazard late. Another error was oversight, and this error meant that navigators did not pay attention to proper ship.

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船員災害の特徴と災害防止に関する研究-I. -バリエーションツリー解析の適用-

小島智恵, 竹本孝弘

2015 年 132 巻 p. 114-120
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.114

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Seafarer's accident have decreased since 1967 when the official accident investigation have begun. On the other hand the rate of seafarer's accident is about four to five times high rate as compared with the disaster rate of all the industries on land at present.
In this study, authors investigated the seafarer's accident for the last ten years, and have grasped the aspect of a accident and the characteristics of seafarer's accident. The variation tree analysis (VTA) which is a qualitative accident analytical method was applied to human attribution analysis of seafarer's accident and it was considered that whether it was possible to pick out a unusual factor which developed into an disaster.
In this paper, VTA was applied to seafarer's accident, and the main conclusions obtained by this research are as follows.
(1) The cause of the fall is the action, environment, recognition and decision of the worker.
(2) Work environment influences the accident being caught cause.
(3) The recognition and decision of worker causes absurd injury.

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内航船向け最適航海計画支援システムの開発について

高橋淑子, 庄司るり, 松浦邦明, 加納敏幸

2015 年 132 巻 p. 121-127
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.121

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Energy-saving navigation (Eco-Navigation) for domestic vessel is an important subject in these days. The Eco-Navigation planning system minimize fuel consumption by optimal route and speed planning using highly precise weather prediction and ship performance estimation. This system has demonstrated about 4% of FOC reduction effect in a recommended route statistically. In addition, in an actual route has demonstrated more reduction effect.

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ハイブリット型ストラドルキャリアのコンテナ荷役時の省エネ性能分析法に関する研究

篠田岳思, Putu HANGGA

2015 年 132 巻 p. 128-135
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.128

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The reduction of the greenhouse gas is demanded in the container terminal from effect of the Kyoto Protocol. The hybrid straddle carrier (HSC) was introduced into the Kashii container terminal in 2010 to reduce fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emission. Although HSC impacts the reduction of fuel consumption by HSC, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of the energy-saving performance on HSC through actual container operation. According to data analysis on monthly fuel consumption in comparison with the difference of HSC and conventional straddle carrier, the reduction effect of the fuel consumption is 27.1% in the fuel consumption rate per distance. However, for a gain from further energy saving performance, it is necessary to grasp the details of the fuel consumption on HSC under actual operation. In this study, methodology of energy saving performance analysis is created using measurement data of container handling by HSC.

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衝突事故再発防止のための事故発生地点情報の活用について

南真紀子, 庄司るり

2015 年 132 巻 p. 136-141
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.136

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In recent years, marine accidents hardly decrease. There are about 1000 marine accidents per year in Japan. From investigation data of Japan Transport Safety Board, we found out that marine accidents, especially collisions occurred at similar place and from similar cause. Therefore we made a Hazard map of marine accidents. It displays accident point on the map. Thus, a sea area in which many collisions frequently occurs can be known at a glance.
In this study, we analysis an occurrence trend of collisions in Tokyo Bay and consider the utilization method of collision occurrence point information when making a navigation plan.

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北極海航路を用いた東アジアと欧州間のコンテナ輸送における二酸化炭素排出量の削減に関する研究

咸暁黎, 郭天淳, 黒川久幸, 鈴木理沙

2015 年 132 巻 p. 142-150
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.142

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According to the presumption of IMO, the amount of the greenhouse gas emissions from international maritime transportation is represented 850 million tons in 2007. Furthermore, carbon dioxide emissions from international maritime transportation represented 3% of the world's total carbon-dioxide emissions. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions from maritime transportation. In this paper, we targeted for distribution of the container transport between East Asia and Europe with a large amount of cargos which examine the reduction effect of the carbon dioxide emissions in the case of Northern Sea Route. We should also consider the depth of water and the speed of navigation when we examine the effect of the carbon dioxide emissions reduction. In this paper, we will examine the reduction of carbon dioxide's emissions when the container vessels are distributed. As a result, the reduction of the carbon dioxide's emissions is approximately 317million tons.

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鉄鉱石を対象とした国際海上輸送における物流コスト及びCO₂排出量の削減に関する研究

鈴木ひろか, 黒川久幸

2015 年 132 巻 p. 151-159
発行日: 2015年
公開日: 2015/07/01

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.132.151

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This study discusses reduction of physical distribution cost and CO₂ emissions on transportation of iron ore. And we conduct the sensitivity analysis of the effect which the size of a vessel, the number of unloading ports, voyage distance, and quantity demanded have on physical distribution cost and CO₂ emissions. The following was found as a result of our studying. Physical distribution cost and CO₂ emissions are greatly reduced as the size of a vessel becomes large. Especially, enlargement of a vessel is so effective when voyage distance is long. Therefore, the result of this study should be considered for the vessels that voyage between Japan and Australia or Brazil. Moreover, it turned out that the suitable number of unloading ports changes with sizes of a vessel. 300,000DWT is desirable when the number of unloading ports is two.

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