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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 67 Pages
Cover1-
Published: August 25, 1982
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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 67 Pages
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Published: August 25, 1982
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Sueo TAKASHIMA, Masato HAMAGUCHI, Tatsutaro HONMA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
1-9
Published: August 25, 1982
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In order to examine the motions of inshore fishing boat in waves, the seakeeping experiments were carried out under three conditions in displacement of the boat, at varying speeds, heading angles and various sea conditions. The roll and pitch angles were obtained using a vertical gyro and the waves were measured using a Ultrasonic wave meter by stopping the boat at anchor. And these recorded data were digitised at 1.0 second intervals and analysed by means of statistical analysis and spectral analysis. From these experiments, we obtained the following results. (1) The wave heights of a record and double amplitude of roll and pitch angles were found to follow nealy Rayleigh distribution. (2) The values of the bandwidth parameter, ε_s, obtained by spectral analysis, lies in the range ε_s=0.34 to ε_s=0.94 for roll angles and in the range ε_s=0.40 to ε_s=0.90 for pitch angles under various boat and sea conditions.
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Kaname SATO, Yoshio MIYAZAKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
11-20
Published: August 25, 1982
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1. In this experiment, towing and mooring materials were tested in a circulating water channel, and the drag D_θ and lift L_θ were measured at each inclination angle θ coupled with attack angle δ. 2. The results are as follows; [table] 3. Different hydrodynamic characteristics were observed between the right and left handed ropes during sea trials, but in experiments conducted in a circulating water channel only the existance of a stream was observed around the strands of rope when measurements were made using the Tuft surface method. The side force existed by water on the rope could not be measured.
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Saburo TSURUTA, Arao KOYAMA, Hiroshi KIKUTANI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
21-26
Published: August 25, 1982
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We have already reported about the effect of JIS stockless anchor. In that report, we have pointed out that the coefficient of speed is proportional to the dragging speed, if the force is less than about two times the magnitude of maximum holding pull. Hence, in the extent of the force that this relationship is found, we tried the experiments for clarify the behavior of the anchor when that force is applied periodically to it. On the other hand, we calculate on the same conditions, and compare the results of calculation with those of experiment. The results are in approximate agreement with experiment. In this paper we deal with these in detail.
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Kazuhiko OHNAGA, Hideo OGURO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
27-34
Published: August 25, 1982
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This report describes colliding tests with free floating model ships. The two ship models, referred to as the struck ship and the striking ship were used to the tests for the movement of colliding ships. The shock responses for ship models were measured using boxtype ship model with two load cells. The positions of ship models obtained by the position analyzer with VIDEO camera, and the camera was set on the tower which is about twenty meters height above water surface. The results of experiment were as follows; (1) The additional mass due to water with the struck ship was proved 0.4 times its ship's mass for a few second after collision. (2) When the colliding ship collided with midship of the struck ship, the ship was moved in parallel with the position before the shock after collision, and this state is indepedent of colliding angles. At the collision to other points, the struck ship was horizontally rotated for the center of gravity, and it was varied parallel movement after a short times. (3) The calculating values of the equations from the conservation of momentum agreed with experimental values.
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Hiroshi KANDA, Yoshio MURAYAMA, Masato TANAKA, Kiyoshi SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
35-44
Published: August 25, 1982
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This paper makes clear how the DRI is related to spinal injury and its number of occurrences to the vertebral deformations as well as frequent occurrences of low back pains. The degree of crewmembers' vertebral deformations by X-ray examination appearing on the vertebral disks ranging from the 11th breast vertebra to the 5th lumbar vertebra corresponds to that of land muscular workers at work between heavy and moderate grades. In addition, the wedge-shaped disk is often observed near the bend of the spinal cloumn centered around the 12th breast vertebra and the 1st lumbar vertebra. DRI is an index representing the repeated compressive load on the vertebral disk. The variation of DRI under several conditions as well as number of occurrences of the DRI value in excess of 0.5 were obtained on the high speed ships in operation. On the basis of these facts, a tentative exposure limit to the repeated shocks and vibrations by DRI, and other several practical measures to prevent low back pains are proposed.
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Yoshio MURAYAMA, Widiharja TANUDJAJA, Yasutake NISHIYAMA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
45-50
Published: August 25, 1982
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The movement of atmospheric gas emitted from oil tanker originated in water ballasting and cargo loading, will be affected strongly due to causative elements-wind, emtting gas velocity, difference of density between gas and air, freebcard and super structure of ship and other environmental conditions. In this connection, the authors tried to study about the corelations between the extention of gas explosive zone and several elements above stated by model test using propane gas, making use of wind tunnel with water tank. A summary of the results is shown as follows: (1) In case of high wind speed and small freeboard of ship, maximum density on the sea surface were similar to the calculated results by Sutton's solution. But in case of high wind speed and large freeboard of ship, they foot up to 8〜10 times of theoretical values. (2) In case of low wind speed, they foot up to 5〜9 times of theoretical values. And the highest of them was 0.31% when wind speed was 0.45m/sec.
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Yoshiro IMAEDA, Ryuichi KIMURA, Masayoshi KUBO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
51-58
Published: August 25, 1982
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Many sweat damages were reported to have arisen due to solar radiation, during the bulk hay cube in dry container are in transit. Therefore it is important to know the distribution of temperature and humidity in the container. We carried out the experiment on the 1/3 model container, and measured the temperature and humidity. The top plate of model container was heated by the infrared bulb, and the way of heating was the periodic change whose range was from 73℃ to 24℃. The changes of temperature and humidity were discussed by the use of data obtained from the expeiment on the model container and the solution of simultaneous equations of heat and moisture, basing on one dimensional theory. The calculated values of temperature and humidity were in good agreement with the experimental ones. Using this simulation program, the calculation was made for the case when the adiabatic board was placed underneath the top plate of container. As the result, the board was found effective for the protection of sweat damage of cargo.
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Shuichiro MOROKUMA, Hisashi KUGUMIYA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
59-67
Published: August 25, 1982
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It is well known to all that Fault Tree Analysis technique is very useful to study the cause and effect chain of events, to estimate the probability of the occurrence of the top event, and to find out what are the essential points to prevent the outbreak of the top event. The authors have tried to apply this technique to approach the problem of what are the principal patterns of the cargo-oil spilling accidents from a VLCC when she is unloading, what is the probability of the occurrence of the spilling, and how they can minimize it. Under several premises; e.g., she loads only one kind of crude oil, she unloads all the cargo at one port, she is fitted with a COW system, the duration of unloading is 40 hours, and so on-the probability of the cargo-oil spilling is 6.5×10^<-3>. To reduce this probability, it is the most effective to reduce the cargo-oil leakage onto her upper deck.
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Taketoshi YAMADA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
69-80
Published: August 25, 1982
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Hisashi KUGUMIYA, Munehiko HARADA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
81-91
Published: August 25, 1982
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Last year we published an analysis of the ship groundings using the records of the marine courts in Japan. We took up the cases of grounding accidents because we presumed that any case of grounding was the result of maneuvering of the ship itself involved in the misfortune, and that its analysis might be easier than the cases of mutual collision or any other accidents. From the same point of view, we have this time chosen the collidings against standing objects from the records of the marine courts, and gathered 124 cases. We prepared a special table to digitalize the contents of the each record. This table consists of 51 items ("variables"). Finally we used 79 cases out of 124 to calculate the correlation matrix, and to this matrix we applied the factor analysis technique. We have found out from four different combinations of the variables that each combination produced the same kind of factors related to the judgement of the officer on duty when the misfortune occurred.
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Kinzo INOUE, Kiyoshi HARA, Hiroshi TANAKA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
93-99
Published: August 25, 1982
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There are still much manual works during the process from collecting marine traffic data to their analyses. Authors applied a personal computer, a daylight radar and the techniques of graphical processing to marine traffic survey in order to reduce the manual works. The following results were obtained. (1) The application of a personal computer to the marine traffic observation is much effective on the simplification of the collection of traffic data. (2) The system combined with the daylight radar and the video tape recorder fairly reduced the time for the analysis of ship's paths. (3) The improvement of the graphical processing techniques using personal computer showed the possibility of the automatic analysis of ship's paths.
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Yoshinari OKANO, Tsutomu MAKISHIMA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
101-108
Published: August 25, 1982
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K. Hara published the method to estimate the shipping flow between ports (The Journal of the Nautical Society of Japan, No. 52, 1974). The authors tried to use the method for all the Japanese ports. But it ended up with the results that the estimation is greatly different from the fact of the research on the coastal shipping flow performed by the Marine Safety Agency. Therefore the authors proposed the modified method in this paper. In the former method, wij-to be understood as the factor determining the degree of the relationship between port i and j-is 0(i=j) or 1(i=⃥j). But in the modified method, it is determined by the two independent parameters, the one is rij: the distance between port i and j, the other is qij: the quantity of cargoes carried between those ports. The results of the estimation using the modified method are well fit with the various facts as the first approximation. For example, the number of coastal ships except fishing boats and car ferries which are at sea in a moment is about 3500.
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Kiyotaka SAITO, Etuyuki HAMADA, Isao KASUGA, Yoshihiro KURITA, Akira K ...
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
109-114
Published: August 25, 1982
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We can receive 9970 chain and 5970 chain of Loran-C off the Japan's Islands. This paper describes about the comparison of fixed positions between 9970 chain and 5970 chain, in the area of south coast of Honshu and a part of East China Sea, and the effect of correction for use of propagation velocity of these chains.
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Yasuyuki SHIRAI, Hiroshi SUZUKI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
115-118
Published: August 25, 1982
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Vertical shock of the directional system of a magnetic compass was measured by non-contact displacement meter while being given vertical vibration up to 35Hz. Up and down shock of the cap of directional systems causes the increase of the error due to friction between the cap and the pivot with their deformation. The result shows that the directional system moves off the pivot and goes down to the pivot making a strike if the given vibration frequency is over a frequency. If the frequency becomes higher than that one, the directional system get afloat, lays down on the pivot and these are repeated. Two methods to prevent this movement were taken in our experiment. Comparatively heavy supporting force and hollowing out the card resulted a good stability of the card on its pivot up to about 35Hz in R165 type compasses.
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Hideo YABUKI, Shinji ABE, Eiichi TANAKA, Shuji NISHI
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
119-125
Published: August 25, 1982
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The Navy Navigation Satellite System has global coverage and high position fix accuracy but has restricted user time. Previously, we had proposed the Omega/Dead Reckoning hybrid navigation system in order to back up the NNSS navigation. This time, we evaluated the accuracies of the above hybrid navigation system by means of on-board data. Results of the evaluation show that 50% improvement in accuracy (RMS value) is attained with the proposed navigation system, compared with Omega navigation. Furthermore, in this hybrid navigation system, the fixed error of the Omega navigation occured by the Lane Slip and incorrectness of the PPC tables is mostly compensated. These results show that this hybrid navigation system is useful to back up the NNSS navigation.
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Tokujiro INOUE, Masashi KATO
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
127-135
Published: August 25, 1982
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As well known, sea clutter noise is appeared on a radar PPI scope. This clutter is considered containing the signal of wave informations. Although some wave analysis methods using the sea echo have been proposed, a new system, in which sea echo signal of analogue/digital conversion are applied to determine a wave direction and length after two dimensional Fourier transforms, is presented. This time, simulating data taken from PPI image pictures instead of real radar signal are analyzed. The results are satisfactorily on wave direction and length, and the system could be worked for real use after solving several problems.
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Hideki HAGIWARA
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
137-147
Published: August 25, 1982
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It is very useful for planning the ship's operation schedule if the error of time enroute can be estimated at the departure time. This paper presents a simple method to estimate the error of time enroute at that time. Considering the accuracy of wave prediction and ship's performance curve, the standard deviation of ship's speed is predicted at each point on the given route. Using those standard deviations, the Error Index which is the parameter representing the range of error in time enroute is calculated by recursive equations. To investigate the efficiency of proposed method, numerical simulations are performed. From the result of simulation, it is found that the Error Index is highly correlated with the mean error of time enroute and it is useful to estimate the error of time enroute.
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Ken SUDA, Tsutomu MAKISHIMA, Michio HORIGOME, Susumu KUWASHIMA, Kohei ...
Article type: Article
1982 Volume 67 Pages
149-154
Published: August 25, 1982
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In the previous report a procedure of weather routing in the North Pacific in winter is proposed, the aim of which is not to calculate the optimum route for each individual voyage but to forecast, at the time of departure of ships, the mean zonal index for the first and the last 5-day periods in any one of the three categories "high", "medium" and "low" and then to select the recommended route that is proper for the forecast index category. In this paper, the relation between the zonal index and the wave distribution in the North Pacific, which has been derived from one year's data and used as the basis of our procedure, is confirmed using data for three years. Some modification is made to the wave distribution model and the revised recommended routes corresponding to the new model are presented. Finally, the advantage of these routes is evaluated by numerical simulation.
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 67 Pages
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Published: August 25, 1982
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 67 Pages
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Published: August 25, 1982
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 67 Pages
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Published: August 25, 1982
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 67 Pages
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Published: August 25, 1982
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Article type: Appendix
1982 Volume 67 Pages
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Published: August 25, 1982
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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 67 Pages
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Published: August 25, 1982
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Article type: Cover
1982 Volume 67 Pages
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