The Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation
Online ISSN : 2187-3275
Print ISSN : 0388-7405
ISSN-L : 0388-7405
Volume 72
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
  • Article type: Cover
    1985 Volume 72 Pages Cover1-
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Article type: Cover
    1985 Volume 72 Pages Cover2-
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (47K)
  • Katsuhiko KURODA, Hideyuki KITA
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 1-11
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Theoretical models of the effective ship domain and the passing course in overtaking are proposed. The models give spatial distributions of both the effective ship domain and the passing courses in overtaking. The distributions are reduced by aggregating the probabilistic behaviours of individual ships overtaking under given circumstances. The most basic idea of the models is in the utility function of the individual ships expressed by the term of collision risk in overtaking and the probability model of uncertainty of the course of the overtaken ship. The accuracy of the proposed models is examined by the radar observational data at East Bisan Strait in Japan, which give the spatial distribution of the passing courses of overtaking ships. The results show good fitness of the proposed models.
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  • Tadashi NARITA
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 13-22
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In the previous paper I (Vol.70, January 1984, this Journal), the author described the basic concepts and theoretical considerations on the Free Surface (FS) mechanization of inertial navigation. This time he reports two applications of the general theory. One is to the type NS mechanization and the other to the type I(1) mechanization. Both mechanizations utilize respectively only one spatial reference. That is, the reference of the former is the north-south axis and that of the latter is the earth axis. The difference of these spatial references brings out corresponding differences between the theoretical constitutions of the two mechanizations. Solutions of the navigation equations are effected by means of the block diagrams, and how to find the geographic coordinates are elucidated for outputting the attitude angles.
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  • Hayama IMAZU, Takeo KOYAMA
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 23-30
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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    The subject of this study is to make an optimum criterion for collision avoidance action deciding by navigator or collision avoidance aids. According to the last time study, it was necessary to foresee the future distribution of targets for collision avoidance decision. Here, the decision-making model adapted dynamic-programming which considered about a statistical collision risk and an action loss, was made. Then, this model was evaluated by simulation method. The results by the simulation tests showed that this model was far superior to the last model in safety and efficiency.
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  • Keisuke TSUJI, Hiroki IWASAKI
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 31-40
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA) should be equipped with all ships of 10,000 tons (gross tonnage) and upwords till 1989 on IMO's resolution. The users of ARPA have to understand the error of the data indicated by ARPA. Comparing the ARPA simulator and the ARPA on board the training ship (Oshima-Maru, 327 G.T.), the authors reported the error of data, the course and speed of targets, DCPA and TCPA, indicated by these two ARPAs, which are of the same type (JAS-800). And the four examples of the swap observed on board the ship are showed in this paper.
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  • Koichi KIMURA
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 41-48
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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    GDOP is the abbreviation of geometric dilution of precision. This abbreviation was used originally for showing coverage of Omega navigation system and now is using NAVSTAR GPS for calculating criterions of satellite selections, etc. This report introduced generalized calculating method of GDOP for verious hyperbolic and satellite navigation systems. On Loran-C and Decca systems, the report shows equi-GDOP diagrams in these coverage area around Japan. Omega equi-GDOP maps of west pacific area are also shown about verious combinations of Omega stations pairs that signals can be received in this area. GDOP of satellite navigation systems are diagramed about the time length of receiving satellite signals on NNSS and about some typical satellite constallations and their variation on GPS.
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  • Yukio TARUMI, Hirotsugu WAKE, Zan YANG
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 49-59
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Improvement of the technology applied in satellite has been made both in hardware and software, and there are changes in installation in NNSS; especially the injection of NOVA satellite. Thereby it is necessary to revalue the accuracy of fixes by the system. In this paper we made discussion on the diurnal and seasonal variation of accuracy of fixes by NNSS, and found the variation in the element of satellite orbit. Finally, we found the relation between the accuracy of fixes and the transverse from the plane of satellite's orbit. The results of analysis are as follows: (1) The diurnal variation of accuracy of fixes by single channel (400MHz only) shows a similar tendency to the diurnal variation of the electron density of ionosphere, but the seasonal one of that is consistent with the amplitude of the variation of the critical frequency. The accuracy of fixes by dual channel (400MHz/150MHz) is effected mainly by the condition of the atmosphere. (2) The variation of the elements of NOVA's orbit is merely 1/3 comparing with the correspondent one of satellite (No.11). Though there is no correlation between the error of the transverse and the one of latitude, the error of the transverse causes a error portion 1 to that one in longitude.
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  • Nobuyuki KAKU
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 61-67
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Evaluation tests of radars and navigation aids often require continuous positioning of aircraft employed for flight experiment. Therefore, a Loran-C receiver, JNA-760R, a specially ordered model of JNA-760, is equipped for the purpose. Since its accuracy of positioning is most important, calibration test is made by the method of aerial triangulation with a Karl Zeis RMK-21/18 camera, which has a positioning accuracy of the order of 1m. The JNA-760R has a function of distance-distance positioning (ρ-ρ navigation) in addition to the ordinary function of hyperbolic navigation. Test results show superiority of the ρ-ρ method which has an accuracy of about 300m and is enough for evaluation tests of VOR, ASR, etc. However, a rapid turn has caused an error of 800m and hence, it should be avoided.
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  • Yasuyuki SHIRAI, Hiroshi SUZUKI, Kiyotaka SAITO
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 69-72
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Magnetic compasses are essential in nautical instruments especially for small vessels. From the view point of the safety, it is important to study every error of the magnetic compasses. The indication error due to ship's roll and pitch on the magnetic compass bowl had already mentioned in our former report. This paper describes about the experimental results upon the errors caused by the artificial movement simulated as ship's roll and pitch in the case of using a model card and bowl having a few clearances made between the edge of the card and the upper glass (upper clearance), between the outer edge of the card and the inside of the bowl (edge clearance), as well the area of the card. These results show that this error increases with the edge clearance, decreases with upper clearances and the card areas. Consequently, it becomes that a profitable design about these dimensions of a directional system exists in each size of the card.
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  • Hiroshi SUZUKI, Yasuyuki SHIRAI
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 73-76
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    When doing experiments about magnetic elements such as parts of magnetic compasses, a weak magnetic test field is often required. Especially, if there is heavy traffic near the test place, the magnetic field varies depending not only on the fluctuation of geomagnetic field, but the heavy magnetic influence caused by the traffic. In the urban area much magnetic effects are superposed. These magnetic disturbances greatly affect upon the weak test field direction. The Authors measured such disturbing magnetic fields, such as the ones caused by the traffic, and tried to cancell them, by using a controll circuit and a Helmholz coil. The result showed that even the fluctuation of geomagnetic field as well as the effect of magnetic disturbances produced by external causes were cancelled to the level of one tenth of the diurnal variation of the geomagnetic field.
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  • Shigetaka NAGANO, Minoru HIROTA
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 77-85
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    It is said that the sea margin of a ship amounts up to 15% of fuel consumption in still water. The margin is devided into four parts: effects of winds and waves, fouling, ocean currents, and unknown factors. In this report, the effects of winds and waves are estimated from log-book of a tanker sailing between Japan and Persian Gulf. The performance curves of ship speed loss and fuel increase on a constant revolution of propeller are obtained. When these curves, estimated fouling effect and the r.m.s. of errors is reduced under the half of the original value. The frequency distribution of seasonal fuel increase due to winds and waves are also shown.
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  • Hideki HAGIWARA
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 87-96
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In this paper, the minimum fuel consumption routing in the North Pacific is discussed. The optimal control laws of course and engine power to minimize the total fuel consumption are derived from calculus of variations. Using those control laws, performance curve of a 35,300 G/T container ship and environmental data (wave and current), the properties of minimum fuel consumption route are investigated by numerical simulations. As a result, compared with Great Circle Route, fuel oil was saved by 15.5% in westbound and 5.8% in eastbound voyage, on the average. Furthermore, the following conclusions were obtained. (1) Course control is more effective than engine control for saving the fuel oil. (2) Wave is more influential environmental factor than current in the minimum fuel consumption routing. (3) Minimum fuel consumption route avoids the area of high head seas for which a ship is obliged to alter her course or reduce the engine power.
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  • Masayoshi KUBO, Akio IMAI
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 97-105
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In harbors affected by ocean swells, cargo handlings are often interrupted as a result of severe ship motions. In order to estimate the moored ship motions in a harbor, not only wave height, but also wave periods and wave directions must be given. Nevertheless most traditional methods present only wave height distribution in the harbor. In this paper, Takayama's method is improved and a new method is proposed to estimate a directional wave spectrum at an arbitrary berth in the harbor.
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  • Hisashi MATSUMURA
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 107-115
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In restricted visibility, information concerning another vessels will be scanty. So, it is more difficult to expect effective action to avoid collision than in sight of one another. Although 1972 Regulation rules conduct of vessels in restricted visibility, it is always depending upon a correct judgement of navigation officers by radar and sound signal information. In this paper, author considered characteristics of information and conduct of vessels in restricted visibility, and investigated actual cases of ship's collision. Finding are as follows. (1) Number of cases of ship's collision is not decreased. (2) Radar look-out is not appropriate. (3) Vessels do not proceed at a safe speed. (4) Action taken to avoid collision is not sufficiently put into practice according to regulation. (5) Proper use is not made in radar observation.
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  • Yoshiro IMAEDA, Sukita NAKAHARA, Ryuichi KIMURA, Tatehiko MIKI
    Article type: Article
    1985 Volume 72 Pages 117-124
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The subjects who were standing aboard rolling ship with several foot positions, such as open stance, close stance, the Mann's posture, and one foot were observed. Power spectra of the head and the body center of gravity (CG), velocity distribution of CG, sway paths of CG of the body, and phase angle between rolling of ship and the CG of the body were analysed, and the dynamic response of the body due to the ship's motion was discussed.
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1985 Volume 72 Pages App1-
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1985 Volume 72 Pages App2-
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (96K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    1985 Volume 72 Pages App3-
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (96K)
  • Article type: Appendix
    1985 Volume 72 Pages App4-
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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  • Article type: Appendix
    1985 Volume 72 Pages App5-
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
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  • Article type: Cover
    1985 Volume 72 Pages Cover3-
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (56K)
  • Article type: Cover
    1985 Volume 72 Pages Cover4-
    Published: March 20, 1985
    Released on J-STAGE: January 15, 2017
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (56K)
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