日本航海学会論文集

表紙

原稿種別: 表紙
1991 年 84 巻 p. Cover1-
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.Cover1

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目次

原稿種別: 表紙
1991 年 84 巻 p. Cover2-
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.Cover2

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練習帆船日本丸の帆の空力特性について

雨宮伊作, 大杉勇, 多田納久義, 芳村康男

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 1-9
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.1

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The authors have carried out wind tunnel experiments on a 1/75 scale model of the sail training ship NIPPON MARU at Osaka University. The experiments consisted of two parts, one is flow visualization around wind speed vanes located on the top of jigger mast and the other is measurement of aerodynamic forces of the model. In visualization experiments, the wind has been getting over her sails. Particularly we have measured the angle of attack to the wind speed vane. As the propeller vane decrease measured wind velocity by the vertical angle of attack, we have corrected wind speeds and directions that had measured in 1986 on board experiments of the NIPPON MARU. Using those data we have identified aerodynamic coefficients, these are thrust force coefficient C_X, lateral force coefficient C_Y, yaw moment coefficient C_N and heeling moment coefficient C_K. We have compared them with wind tunnel tests results. And both results have coincided well in the thrust force coefficient C_X. But wind tunnel results are smaller than on board results in another three coefficients. It may be caused by the estimation of lateral water resistance that was fully depend on the leeway angle which was indicated with integer numbers by D.S. log.

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ある横帆模型の空力特性と帆まわりの流れについて

多田納久義, 大杉勇, 雨宮伊作, 芳村康男

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 11-17
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.11

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Through wind tunnel experiments, aerodynamic characteristics are presented for a square sail model of sail training ship, NIPPON MARU. Unlike of large aspect ratio wings which show a phenomenon of stall, the lift coefficient of the sail increases its value with increasing attack angles and the maximum value reaches 1.3 or more at 45〜48 degrees of the attack angle. Even for more larger angles, there are no stall and the lift coefficients gradually decrease the value. The flow visualization was conducted in order to provide the information for the lift-drag phenomena utilizing smoke wire technique. The results tell us that a pair of free vortecies generated from upper and lower ends of the sail looks comparatively large for the sizes of the sail and then the down wash due to the vortices also becomes large as to delay the growth of separation. In test results of the fore mast model with 6 square sails, the lift coefficient curve shows the same tendencies with the one for the single square sail. But the maximum lift coefficient is 1.03 at 30 degrees of attack angle.

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大型練習帆船の帆走性能の推定

芳村康男, 田辺穰, 大杉勇, 雨宮伊作, 多々納久義

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 19-27
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.19

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Sailing performances of sail equipped ships are generally provided by the balance of forces between sail and hull. However, there are few works on the prediction of sailing performance particularly with a large ship. The authors have been trying to establish the predicting technique based upon hydrodynamic and aerodynamic researches with a new sail training ship "Nippon-maru". Then we find the suitable mathematical model which can describe the sailing performance well. In this model, hydrodynamic forces acting on hull and rudder are described by a modular type mathematical model which is similar to MMG's, and the aerodynamic forces are added in it. The predicted sailing performances are well coincide with observed data in actual navigation.

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決定木最適化法による避航操船に関する知識構造

大藤高広, 原潔, 小川征克

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 29-36
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.29

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There are many works on collision avoidance maneuver based on analyses of marine traffic survey, simulator studies and/or theoretical approaches. The greater part of them are mainly focused on the effect of evasive action after making decision on the safety of the maneuver. In this paper, authors made rules on decision making process of risk judgment by navigators at various encounters using optimizing theory of a decision tree, which was one of inductive approaches to make knowledge structure. Subjective assessment were expressed with objective data on encounter such as relative distance and relative change of bearing etc., in a form of production rules, so called if〜then rule. Results indicated that inductive approach based on many actual observed data was very effective to make rules on collision avoidance maneuver. These rules would be easily installed on supporting or training system of collision avoidance maneuver.

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アプローチ操船の安全評価について

井上欣三, 花房元顕

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 37-44
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.37

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The present paper proposes a quantitative assessment method of safety margin when a ship approaches a berth. A ship travels for a considerable distance before an intended control result is achieved, when a ship encounters an unexpected situation during a manoeuvre and counters the emergency through the application of an emergency 'crash astern' manoeuvre or other similar action. The safety of a ship is guaranteed if there are no obstacles within such extra area of water needed to accommodate ship motions arising from her inertia. The larger the sea room lying between the edge of the extra water area and the obstacles the greater the safety margin, and vice versa. Based on the above consideration, the value of a ratio of B to D gives the magnitude of the safety margin when a ship approaches a berth, where the value of B is the distance between the berth and the edge of the extra water area after applying the emergency 'crash astern' monoeuvre and the value of B is the residual distance to the berth. The saferty margin therefore can be evaluated at every moment by calculating the value of this ratio at different point in time during the approach manoeuvre. The present paper also proposes the standardized deceleration patterns of approach speed which are capable of keeping the safety margin constant.

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ばら積み貨物の流動水分値の測定法の開発

浦環, 田中正人

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 45-51
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.45

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"Penetration Method" has been developed for the determination of the Flow Moisture Point of coal, which cannot be measured by the IMO Flow Table Test. On the basis of this method, new apparatus and criterion to judge the occurrence of liquefaction are introduced to establish a new method which can be applicable to mineral concentrates and similar materials. Test results show good agreements with those by the IMO Flow Table Method. It is concluded that the new method can be widely applicable with reasonable reliability. A test procedure which includes the new version of the Penetration Method is proposed to IMO for amending Appendix D of the BC Code.

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実船を用いた船体応答計測について-II : 周波数応答関数の推定

武田誠一, 小林顕太郎, 佐藤要, 井上清

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 53-63
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.53

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A long time testing on board with a hull response system has been put into practice, in order to clarify the hull response of fishing boat while crusing and fishing. In this paper, we analyzed the records of waves and ship motions which were obtained in the testing, and compared the observed values with the theoretical ones by New Strip Method about charactalistics of ship motions. It was confirmed that the wave height of a record and double amplitude of roll and pitch angles were found to follow Rayleigh distribution. The observed the values for response function also are nearly equal to the theoretical ones by New Strip Method. On the other hand, it is necessary to analyze the response function according to the hypothesis of short waves.

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非線形力学から見た船の横揺れ解析-IV : 転覆実験データにおけるポアンカレマップ

川島利兵衛

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 65-73
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.65

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Analysing the records of the rolling motion in model experiment for capsizing phenomena of ship in waves, Poincare mapping function was obtained and it was found that the shape of a mapping function indicated quadrangle. From the relation between the parameter and the shape of Poincare mapping function, the period of input force for model rolling system was deduced to be 4/3 of own period of rolling motion of the ship. Using the mathematical model of ship rolling motion, Poincare mapping functions and response functions were calculated. Then, considering the results of analysis for a record of the rolling motion, the heavy rolling motion before a ship capsizing in waves has been discussed from non-linear dynamics point of view.

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岸壁前面に任意の角度で係留された浮体式係船岸の動揺特性の計算

久保雅義, 斎藤勝彦

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 75-84
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.75

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Some feasibility studies of a floating pier for large vessels are carried out by the Ministry of Transportation in Japan. It is very important for a planning of the floating pier to know the motions in waves. In this paper, the motions of the floating body moored obliquely in front of a quay wall are investigated by using three dimensional boundary integral equation method. The obtained results are summarized as follows; a) The motions of the floating pier moored obliquely in front of a quay wall can be calculated by using the boundary integral equation method, and the calculated results agree fairly well with the experimental ones. b) The motions of the floating body considerably varies with the mooring angle which is given as the angle between the axes of the quay wall and the floating body. c) On design of floating pier, it is necessary to select the best mooring angle from the standpoint of the motions caused by the predominant waves at the considering sea.

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自動車専用船における係留方法の改善について : Low Point Mooring System

久保雅義, 沖剛志, 江本能尚, 石橋千加志

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 85-94
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.85

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When a moored pure car carrier receives a strong land wind, it may cause an accident of a ship separation from a quay wall, because the ship has a large exposed area and the loading area is flat. As the countermeasures for the problem, a device like a ring is fixed at a low point of the bow and/or the stern, and then the mooring ropes are moored to the bitts on a pier through the ring. We call the system "Low Point Mooring". In this operation, ship's mooring points are lowered, so the mooring forces in the right and left direction are strengthened and the safety of the mooring ship is improved.

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錨の大きさと錨効きについて

佐藤治夫, 鈴木常夫

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 95-102
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.95

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The approximate holding power of anchors is determined by the product of the holding coefficient according to seabed quality multiplied by the weight of anchors, but in this case, as for the value of the holding coefficient, the same value is used independent of the weight of anchors. In order to examine the authenticity of this fact, the authors tested the anchors of 100kg and 300kg in the sea, and knew that collating with the physical and engineering properties of seabed soil in vertical direction, the holding coefficient takes nearly the same value in the places having the same seabed quality, regardless of the size of anchors. It can be said that this result is also the same as the experimental result of large weight anchors in the sea carried out in the past, and it will be useful for the development of anchors which increase the holding power with the same weight.

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船舶衝突事故例からみた橋梁付近の水路の安全性

庄司邦昭

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 103-111
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.103

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In these years, many bridges which span the waterway are constructed. For example, Honshu-Shikoku Connecting Bridge was opened in 1988 and the Tokyo Bay Crossing Bridge-Tunnel is being constructed. In Denmark, the Great Belt Bridge-Tunnel is also being constructed. After 1980 serious collision accidents between ships and bridges were not occurred but the number of accidents was not decreased. From the analysis of the ship collision accidents, it is shown that one of the causes is related to the waterways passing through the bridges. In this paper author investigated about the safety of the factors consisting of the waterway near the bridge, such as straight way, horizontal clearance, turning angle, waterway crossing angle and so on. From these considerations he evaluated the safety of the waterway passing through the bridge and these evaluation was applied to the new constructed bridge from the view point of safety. As the result, it has been found that the several factors of the waterway passing through the bridge affect the accidents. Especially, it is noticeable that the probability of ship collision is increased in case the main span is less than 3 times the ship length and the straight way is less than 8 times the ship length.

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リモートセンシングによる船舶の航行実態の観測手法について

桐谷伸夫

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 113-119
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.113

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In recent years, many satellites are used for an environmental assessment of the earth and so on, because the observation from the satellite is very available way and noteworthy technique in many fields. This paper reports an application of remote sensing technique for observing and recognizing vessels in wide sea area using image data from the satellite. In order to recognize vessels, an algorithm to search vessels and the system to analyze data are shown. And SPOT HRV data are used for quantitative analysis of marine traffics.

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海図等高線の自動抽出

石村信道, 笠原包道, 井上郁朗

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 121-130
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.121

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It is a difficult task to collect X-Y coordinates (digital data) of contour lines on nautical charts with a digitizer by manually positioning the cursor. In this paper, therefore, we describe a method for extracting the contours from charts with the aim of automating the task. This method consists of four stages: thinning, tracking, extraction, and connection. The digital data of line images (include the contours) are created in the tracking stage by tracking the thinned line images obtained through the thinning stage. In the extraction stage, we classify the thinned line images into two types: contours and characters (include letters, the Arabic numbers, and symbols), based on the number of component pixels constituting the thinned line images and the closeness to smooth linear shape, and extract the contours only. Finally, the lack portions of contours caused by the insertion of the place names and altitude values are connected in the connection stage. Our proposed method attains the compactness and the simplicity, since the criterions in the extraction stage can be calculated from the only information obtained automatically by tracking the thinned line images.

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ミリ波レーダによる船舶の検出

林尚吾, 井手麻奈美, 佐治佳一, 石川義裕, 関根松夫

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 131-138
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.131

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Radar is an instrument that increases our ability to see and record the surrounding nature. This ability to see is not hindered by darkness, fog, haze, rain, snow or smoke, all of which limit human sight. We observed a car carrier using a millimeter wave radar with frequency of 34.86GHz, horizontal beam width of 0.25°, vertical beam width of 5.0°, horizontal linear polarization, antenna scan rate of 20RPM., pulse width of 30 nano second and transmitted peak power of 30KW. A Target was embedded in sea clutter, the discrimination between target and sea clutter was very difficult on a plan position indicator (P.P.I.). In order to improve possibility of detection on target in the presence of sea clutter, the amplitude statistics of target and sea clutter were examined in relation to the thresholdmethod. It is shown that target and sea clutter amplitude obey a normal distribution, from which the probability of detection and the false alarm probability were calculated theoretically and experimentally. From this, the shape of the vessel was easily recognized. To improve a target to clutter (T/C) ratio, we used a two-pole filter which is described mathematically by y(i)=φy(i-1)+Γx(i) where [numerical formula] where x(i) is the input at time i, y_1(i) is the intermediate calculation at time i, y_2(i) is the output at time i and k_1 and k_2 are the two feedback values. Suffix i means signal of i-th sweep line. Output of each point on current sweep is given by processing with same point on previous (i-1) th sweep line. Finally, we improved by T/C ratio of 1.7(dB), compared to raw data.

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航法精度測定用レーダのための非水平飛行機の検出法

長岡栄

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 139-147
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.139

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This paper deals with a possibility of detecting a non-level flight aircraft for a radar which is designed for measuring the height keeping accuracy of an aircraft in level flight. In the radar, the height of aircraft is estimated under the assumption of a level and straight flight using the non-linear least squares method. Herein, the following observation equation is proposed for detecting the vertical speed of the aircraft, V_z Ri=[(V_xt_i+X_0)^2+(V_zt_i+Z_0)^2/cos^2β_i]^<1/2>+e_i (i=1, 2, ..., n) Where R_i, β_i, t_i and e_i are the range, depression angle, observation time and observation error of the i-th observation, respectively. V_x is the X-component of aircraft speed, X_0 and Z_0 are the initial values of X and Z axes, respectively. The results of a Monte Carlo simulation show the feasibility of detecting the descending/climbing aircraft in a certain area of the radar coverage.

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日本の空域内の航空路における近接通過頻度

天井治, 長岡栄

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 149-155
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.149

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The feasibility of reducing the vertical separation minimum above flight level 290 from 2,000ft to 1,000ft on the basis of a collision risk model has been studied at the RGCS Panel of the ICAO. This paper describes the results of the calculation on the passing frequency, which is one of the key parameters of the collision risk model, for air routes in the Japanese airspace. We calculated the passing frequencies using flight plan data and estimated a Japanese representative value. The results show that 1) Al route contains many route segments of high passing frequencies. 2) and a representative value of opposite direction passing frequency for the Japanese airspace is 0.84 and that of same direction passing frequency is 0.014 [aircraft passings/flight hour].

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技術試験衛星V型(ETS-V)を用いた音声通信実験

藤田光紘, 石出明, 新美賢治, 奈須英臣

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 157-164
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.157

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This paper describes the voice communication experiment using the ETS-V and its results. Its objective is to develop and evaluate voice communication techniques for oceanic air traffic control (ATC) and ship operation management. The digital voice communication using a 2.4 kbps Linear Predictive Coding (LPC) and the analog voice communication using Narrow Band Frequency Modulation (NBFM) were used in the experiment. The voice quality was estimated by the typical method in which about 10 persons listened to the voice recorded at the receiving side and marked. The results show that the articulation score for LPC is about 60% (equivalent to the readability of 90%) for the C/No of more than 41 dBHz, much higher than the result for NBFM. It showed the superiority of the LPC digital voice over the typical analog voice communication in mobile voice communication.

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避航エキスパートシステムと航路航行シミュレーションに関する研究

小瀬邦治, 児島貞晴, 高橋和彦

原稿種別: 本文
1991 年 84 巻 p. 165-172
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.165

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In the present report an expert system for ship collision avoidance is developed. The expert system has a knowledge base of hierarchical structure. The knowledge base consists of many rule modules and the rule modules are classified into several levels. Combining with the knowledge base with the subsystems for the data acquisition on traffic situations and for the guidance controls of ship position, the developed system can lead a ship safely to her destination even under heavy traffic conditions. If ships on traffic lanes are conducted by the collision avoidance expert system, marine traffic simulations can be carried out as an application of the expert system. Examples of such simulations show successfully that the system has an excellent ability of collision avoidance and also that the traffic simulation thus obtained is the powerful tool for investigations on marine traffic problems.

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I 論文審査内規抜粋

原稿種別: 付録等
1991 年 84 巻 p. App1-
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.App1

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II 論文審査内規申し合わせ事項

原稿種別: 付録等
1991 年 84 巻 p. App2-
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.App2

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III 講演審査用アブストラクト執筆要項

原稿種別: 付録等
1991 年 84 巻 p. App3-
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.App3

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IV 論文集掲載審査用論文執筆要領

原稿種別: 付録等
1991 年 84 巻 p. App4-
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.App4

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奥付

原稿種別: 付録等
1991 年 84 巻 p. App5-
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.App5

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裏表紙

原稿種別: 表紙
1991 年 84 巻 p. Cover3-
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.Cover3

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CONTENTS

原稿種別: 表紙
1991 年 84 巻 p. Cover4-
発行日: 1991/03/20
公開日: 2017/01/15

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.9749/jin.84.Cover4

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