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原稿種別: 表紙
1996 年 95 巻 p.
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発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 付録等
1996 年 95 巻 p.
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発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 付録等
1996 年 95 巻 p.
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発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 目次
1996 年 95 巻 p.
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発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 目次
1996 年 95 巻 p.
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発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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浪江 宏宗, 安田 明生
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
1-6
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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A positioning with high accuracy of cm or sub-cm is available in RTK-GPS (Real-Time Kinematic GPS), if the satellites' Constellation and the carrier propagation are proper. Although it is applied to a land survey and setting of construction materials, it is sometimes observed that the shadowing by the building, terrain, and construction machinery and multipath phenomena induced by them degrade severely the accuracy. The authors show by a simulation that the error-ellipse, deduced from the fixed positions' distribution at a fixed point, expands to the direction of satellite of which carrier is disturbed and that the high accuracy positioning is available by eliminating the satellite from the positioning procedure in spite of the increase of PDOP. They also show that the quasi real-time inference of disturbed satellite is possible, by observing the difference between the error-ellipse and covariance-ellipse, deduced by satellites' Constellation.
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奥田 成幸, 新井 康夫, 岡本 康裕
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
7-15
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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GPS has best accuracy in radionavigation system and popularizes worldwide. However, GPS can not be satisfied with required accuracy in restricted waters accepted geographical effects such as harbor and harbor approach including narrow channel. So, operation of DGPS expects for marine user. But, evaluation of possibility to use GPS or DGPS concerning required accuracy does not have carried out. The authors developed the system to be able to evaluate regional effects, and so in this paper we discuss the evaluation parameters and construction of database of geographical information and presented their examples. In conclusion, by means of using this system, we got the possibility of sailing hours' usage in any waters, and it becomes to able to establish an environmental condition for satisfying required accuracy of navigation in restricted waters.
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川口 順子, 稲石 正明, 杉崎 昭生
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
17-23
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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It is an important solution to construct a lookout support picture recognition neural network system for navigation at sea in order to raise a ship operation support level. This paper is concerned with the recognition map development for a target ship's course estimation and for a target ship's situation estimation in nighttime. The neural network input data is navigation lights location's binary address which is calculated a result of lapped navigation environment picture over the recognition map. The authors have constructed four kind of recognition maps which have different concepts one another. Characteristics of the neural network systems which have the different recognition maps are analyzed and four guidelines of the recognition map building are given.
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市川 義文, 石田 廣史
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
25-33
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In shallow waters like harbors, water ways and so on, it is quite important for navigators to determine the suitable and safety Under-Keel Clearance taking account of the water depth, her draft and squat by the shallow water effect and so on. And at first, required is the correct estimation of the sea level from the Tide Tables. Based on the one-year long tidal data at 23 main ports in Japan, accuracy of the Tide Tables' estimated values, the height and time at high and low water, was examined. In most of the main ports, the difference between estimated and observed tidal heights (observed value minus estimated value) fluctuates with a period of about half a month. On the other hand, the difference between estimated and observed high (low) water time changes irregularly. The monthly mean of the height difference is maxmum in spring and minimum in summer or autumn. The variation of the monthly mean and the standard deviation of the time difference are quite large in Osaka and Kobe Ports.
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小塚 孝徳, 林 尚吾, 外岡 幸吉, 竹内 毅
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
35-43
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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With respect to shipboard radar signal processing, the method of reducing noise by LOG-CFAR circuit system up to now has bad little effect on the scatter of larger amplitude values which signal sea clutter. Taking the ship's tracking radar as the most important factor, the authors decided to calculate the threshold of the clutter value in order to enhance incoming data that might signal the presence of other ships. Accordingly, two variables were identified, the value of the average amplitude N and the indicated scatter deflection variable D. By multiplying each variable (k with N and m with D respectively) and adding them together yields the threshold value Th. Th=kN+mD. Such calculations of Th were carried out in other procedures. In order to ignore the land and sea clutter and to distinguish the presence of other ships, the athors analyzed by statistical methods both pulse and scan correlations. As a result of the various experiments at sea and from land with these methods, the effect of sea clutter was reduced. The results show improvement in two respects : Although problems remain with ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aids), the ability to distinguish the signals of other ships and the accuracy of tracking their progress by these improvements in signal processing is enhanced.
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安田 明生, 岡村 知則, 浪江 宏宗, 川村 雅志
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
45-50
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The test transmission of DGPS correction data (Type-1 message at the moment, to be shifted to Type-9 in the regular operation) in Japan has been carried out since December 1995 from MF beacon stations at Turugi-saki (35°08'N, 139°41'E) and Daioh-saki (34°16'N, 136°54'E). Their output power and the transmission rate are 130W and 200bps respectively. The cover area of the original mission of the radiobeacon is 200km. The reception rate in Tokyo and Sagami Bays, inside the circle of 50km from Turugi-saki station, is observed to be more than 99% on 'Shiojimaru'. The maximum duration of the failed reception was 13.2s. It is short enough to obtain the accurate DGPS positioning. The authors also tried to receive it on land in Tokyo urban area about 50km away from Turugi-saki station. The correction data are acquired on a running ordinary passenger car. A fairly well reception rate is available except on a way surrounded by tall buildings. Thus it would be applicable to the car navigation set, since it works well owing to the jointly used INS if correct positions are obtained even with the interval of several minutes.
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外岡 幸吉, 林 尚吾, 山崎 寿男, 宮城 理
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
51-60
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Despite several improvements to promote safe navigation, accidents, collisions, and grounding have not decreased. The following causes of maritime accidents including collisions and grounding have been identified : Ship operators fail to obey navigation rules; Operators maneuver improperly; Operators do not verify the ship's position; Operators keep insufficient lookout; Operators fail to observe conditions of the waterway. To address these known causes of accidents, instruments to support the navigator were developed and combined in a more compact and lightweight console. The accuracy of the Electronic Navigation Chart (ENC) and precise indicators of one's own ship's position were improved and simultaneously displayed with the scheduled course. Additional radar functions of echo overlap and Automatic Radar Plotting Aids (ARPA) were also installed. Furthermore, the authors emphasized improving the systematic tracking of the ship's radar signal. Combining these functions in a more compact and lightweight console is the new development to support vessel operators to have timely information in their navigation. To evaluate our improvements relating to five functions of radar support, the authors tested them in two trials aboard the Training Ship Shioji-maru and in one trial on land from a radar research van. From our experience analyzing the five functions; Electronic Chart and Display Information System (ECDIS), the radar functions for preventing collisions and running aground, the plotting of the ship's course, the waterway lookout, and the ship's own trail, we consider that the results successfully promote safer navigation.
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堀 晶彦, 佐藤 尚登, 新井 康夫, 奥田 成幸
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
61-69
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The authors investigated a method to extract navigational information, for example ship's position and velocity, using a visual images taken from a 35mm camera. In this paper, an applications of image transformation is proposed. At first, order to solve the problem, which it is that the photograph image include the error like an optical distortion and aberration, we led to the equation-the so-called Error Correcting Equation Model (ECEM). Next, the ship's position, length and other navigational information were able to obtain for using ECEM, and those results were fairly good agreement with the actual position, waterline length, and so on. Secondly, Kalman Filter was applied to estimate with the navigational information. As the results, it is shown that the most probable navigational information is estimated with a high accuracy by using Kalman Filter on the proposed applications of image transformation.
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高橋 宏直, 萩原 秀樹, 早藤 能伸, 森満 賢治
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
71-78
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This paper describes new support systems of entering a port for the high-speed large cargoships. Recently, these ships have been developed in many countries. The TSL developed in Japan already reached the practical stage of operations beyond the experimental stage. The punctuality is one of the strong demands in practical operations. It is required especially not only at night but also in rough seas. In this study, we adopted the Leading Lights and the Ramark Beacon as the support systems for the TSL to enter a port safely on time. Using a ship maneuvering simulator, the TSL was maneuvered to enter a port with/without support systems. By analyzing the results of simulator experiments and comparing those with the records of the experimental ship 'Hisho', the effectiveness of these support systems was verified.
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高橋 宏直, 萩原 秀樹, 井澗 健二, 木阪 恒彦
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
79-85
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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As a new concept of high-speed marine transportation, the Techno Super Liner has already reached the practical stage of operations beyond the experimental stage. When even the TSL approaches the wharf, the motion of a ship relative to the wharf is confirmed directly by the human eyes in any weather conditions. To improve the safety and efficiency of such berthing operation, we developed the support system using RTK/OTF GPS (Real Time Kinematic/On The Fly Global Postioning System). The RTK/ OTF GPS can provide the position with accuracy of a few centimeters in real time. Two RTK/OTF GPS systems were installed on the experimental high-speed ship'Hisho', and the effectiveness of the support system was verified for actual berthing operations.
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天井 治, 長岡 栄
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
87-95
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The passing frequency is one of the important parameters of the collision risk model used for assessing the safety of an airspace. In this paper, lateral passing frequency values and relative speeds for North Pacific (NOPAC) routes were calculated and lateral collision risk was estimated using these values under several assumptions. The results obtained are as follows. (1)Passing frequency values are 0.124(opposite) and 0.0074(same). (2)Relative along-track speed, |ΔV|, is 28.9kt and relative crosstrack speed, |y|, is 11.6kt. (3)The estimated collision risk value under 100NM lateral separation is 1.7x10^<-9>. This value satisfies the TLS(target level of safety) value which is proposed by the ICAO.
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萩原 秀樹, 庄司 るり
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
97-108
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In this study, many optimum route simulations for B747-400 flying New York-Tokyo route and Tokyo-London route were performed to evaluate the advantage of flexible routes passing not only over the ocean but also over the continent. The forward dynamic programming was used to determine the flexible routes between above two cities. From the results of simulations, it was found that compared with the present daily routes, the following fuel saving was achieved on the average on the flexible routes : New York-Tokyo : 3.9% (westbound) 2.0% (eastbound) Tokyo-London : 8.5% (westbound) 5.6% (eastbound). At the same time, approximately the same amount of time saving was achieved on the above flexible routes. It was also verified by the simulations that on the westbound flights from New York to Tokyo, the newly established route across the Russian Far East for the FANS aircrafts was much more economical than the present NOPAC route.
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長岡 栄, 高橋 美登里, 天井 治
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
109-116
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This paper describes a longitudinal collision risk model and its model parameters taking into account Mach number assignments on the basis of empirical data obtained from the flight progress strips of an oceanic route, namely R220. The relationship between the distribution of the gain of inter-arrival time separation, D_t, and that of the inter-arrival time at the entry fix, T_i, is scrutinized and discussed. Then models describing the distribution of D_t are proposed. A longitudinal collision risk, N_<ax>, is estimated using the proposed models together with the empirical data. An estimate of the 95% containment interval of N_<ax> using the Bootstrap method, ie [6.0×10^<-8>, 3.4×10^<-7>], is obtained.
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田中 邦彦, 宮崎 恵子, 沼野 正義, 宮崎 信昭, 福住 克安, 有田 彰男, 池田 重樹
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
117-124
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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When ships go through the Kanmon Passage in Japan at night, it is very difficult for navigators to recognize several buoys of the passage, because they are confused with illumination of plants and city lights. There is a plan that the layout of the Kanmon Passage will be changed to improve recognition of those buoys. We tried to confirm effectiveness of those light aids to navigation such as buoys and lighthouses, after the passage change. To evaluate the light aids, we have simulated buoys, light-houses, guiding lights and illuminations of background of the Kanmon Passage in our ship handling simulator. Brightness of lights is scattered with very wide range in the real world. On the other hand, CGI (Computer Graphics Imagery) can not represent enough range of lighting directly. This is why we investigated appropriate color palettes that are brightness and polygon sizes of buoys and lighthouses from luminance on simulator screens. To represent the luminance of buoys and lighthouses not absolutely but relatively, we have combined those color palettes and sizes with method of Level-of-Detail. Every polygon size is decided to cover at least one pixel on the screen to avoid disappearance of the light aids, especially at a long distance. According to Level-of-Detail, the polygon size is gradually decreasing. An appropriate color palette that is brightness is chosen to keep the luminance of the light aids between each Level-of-Detail. Using those techniques, we can evaluate effectiveness of new layout and light aids in the Kanmon Passage.
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宮崎 恵子, 沼野 正義, 田中 邦彦, 伊藤 泰義
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
125-135
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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A project of high speed craft, Techno-Super-Liner had been held and a prototype ship "Hishou" was constructed. A final experiment of Hishou had been executed to investigate safety of all situation such as loading/unloading, entering/leaving port and navigating in 1995. A part of the final experiment had been handled by Ship Research Institute. We aimed to research safety navigation for Hishou in congested sea area. At first several simulator experiments were done using our ship handling simulator. Through the experiments we determined appropriate scenarios for onboard experiments and discussed an outline of safety navigation for Hishou in congested sea area. Then we executed encountering experiments between Hishou and an ordinary speed ship in real sea areas and measured initial evasive distance and so on. Ordinary speed ships were Hokuto-maru and Ginga-maru which are about 5, 000ton and Shioji-maru and Fukae-maru which are about 500ton. At the same time we asked navigators of ordinary speed ships to answer questionnaires for getting their threat connected with initial evasive distance. It was found out that relation between initial evasive distance of Hishou and threat of navigators in ordinary speed ships. Besides we measured required time that the navigators recognize collision avoidance maneuvering of Hishou. Those data are the foundation of safety navigation for Hishou in congested sea area.
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井上 欣三, 宮坂 真人
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
137-145
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Turning-Basin as one of harbor facilities is designed based on the ministerial ordinance of the Ministry of Transport, and provided for mariners as the port users. On the other hand, it is important that the mariners' intentions are reflected to the design procedure of port facilities when the details of this such as the dimensions and the layout are planned. For that purpose, it is indispensable that the design criteria to evaluate these facilities are defined from mariners' view point. In the present paper, it is considered that Turning-Basin is represented by the two elements, which are the dimension and the layout. These elements were evaluated quantitatively employing the simulation technique and the design criteria were shown, taking into account the differance of the ships, and the influence of the external force, and the design criteria proposed here will be available to each port on case-by-case basis.
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井上 欣三, 原 潔, 金子 光浩, 増田 憲司
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
147-153
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In the present paper, a quantitative index to evaluate how much mental load is put on the mariner when the navigable water is geographically restricted is defined taking the calculation of the residual time to run aground over ±90°range starting from ship's head into account. As this index named "Environmental Stress" has an allowable criteria on the basis of the mariners' sense of safety, it becomes capable for us to assess whether the environmental change of the navigable water is proper or not from the mariners' viewpoint.
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沼野 正義, 宮崎 恵子, 田中 邦彦
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
155-162
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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High speed marine transportation has been expected as a modal shift from land transportation. A project of the Techno-Super-Liner has been carried out to realize the high speed marine transportation. The high speed marine transportation consists of not only high speed navigation in an open sea, but also those in a congested sea area, etc. Simulator experiments in Tokyo Bay are performed to investigate effects of ship speed and other traffic conditions on the traffic safety. One of the most congested sea traffic is realized based on the field investigation of the traffic in Tokyo Bay as the scenarios of the simulator experiments. The method to apply a real time simulation of ship maneuvering motions included in a congested sea traffic to ship handling simulator experiments is proposed. Ten cases of the experiments are performed according to the proposed method. The experimental results show the possibility of high speed navigation in a congested sea area with an appropriate ship operating manual that defines standard procedures for various practical affairs involved in a real navigation. The validity of those procedures should be cleared through careful investigation in the practical operations.
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伊藤 泰義, 村山 雄二郎, 沼野 正義, 室原 陽二
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
163-170
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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It is important for high speed vessels to take a navigation form which will not threaten conventional crafts they encounter in order to enter and to be accepted in the marine traffic which is already consist of conventional crafts. We analyzed the situation of hazards that high speed vessels give to conventional crafts to contrive a high speed safety navigation system and proposed a high speed safety standard model through interviews and questionnaire results from ship operators of the conventional crafts at the end of each onboard encouner experimets and simulator experiments. And in addition to this safety model which we proposed is verified by the number obtained through experiment results and interviews from other captains. Our final purpose through those study is to establish a general method to appreciate the safety at high speed navigation that can be applied to cases which could not be performed in onboard experiments or cases with different type crafts.
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井上 欣三, 宇佐美 茂, 原 大地
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
171-181
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The purpose of this study is to examine the method of making an operational criteria of a traffic control system in port, considering ship's safety and efficiency of traffic. In the previous paper, we developed an evaluation diagram of the allowable level of mariners, which is based on perceived safety of two vessels encounter in a fairway. We also proposed to establish an operational criteria of the marine traffic signal operation. In the present paper, we report the results of marine traffic simulations conducted, in order to evaluate the efficiency of traffic and to find a desirable traffic control system in port. The simulations incorporated a traffic control system based on the operational criteria developed in the previous study. Considering the ship's safety and the efficiency of traffic in port which are affected by the traffic signal operation, we finally propose a procedure of establishing of signal operation criteria.
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上野 公彦, 天下井 清, 木村 暢夫, 岩森 利弘
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
183-191
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This paper describes comparison between roll motion when small amount of deck water present and when no deck water. In most of cases, it is said that a small amount of water on deck acts as a rather effective roll damper and a roll of vessel is less when a small amount of deck water present than no deck water(4). In our experiments, we recomfirmed the above effect of a small amount of water on deck. However, in our experiments there were some cases that a small amount of water on deck did not act roll damper but encouraged the roll motion. This paper describes those cases from a view point of resonance.
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定兼 廣行
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
193-200
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The lateral drag coefficient obtained by the Constant Accelerating Test(CAT) shows us an extremly large numerical value in the beginning of movement of a ship-model. This coefficient gradually decreases every second and finally converges to a steady numerical value after the ship-model has moved more than about 2 ship-lengths. The steady value is about half of a constant numerical value which has been usually applied. Accordingly at present, we can apply three kinds of the lateral drag coefficient to the estimation of tug-power, namely (1) constant value, (2) transitionally changing value and (3) steady value. But in order to estimate reasonably tug power, it is necessary to select the proper coefficient for the condition of a ship moving laterally from rest, such as approaching a birth. First, in this paper, the property of the above coefficient (2) is examined through an another type of ship-model test. Next, the effective tug-pull is considered based on the relation between results calculated using the coefficient (2) and data of actual survey at seas. The obtained results are as follows; (1)It was comfirmed that the lateral drag coefficient when ships moving laterally from rest transitionally changes depending on moved distance. (2)The mathmatical expression of the above coefficient was suggested. (3)The effective tug-pull in tug handling was about 80% of the published tug-pull.
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中橋 美智子, 福地 信義, 村山 雅己
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
201-210
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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For the purpose of grasping the required function of onboard worksuit during fishing, the investigation being mainly composed of the suitable questionnaire were carried at seven large fishing ports in Japan. A choice of the evaluation items for required function of worksuit was executed being based on the replies of questionnaire investigation. And the hierarchy analysis model for the acquisition of worksuit, in which the weights of evaluation items are determined by a pair comparison method, is established for judging of the selection of onboard worksuit. Furthermore, the results of making choice of best one from four kinds of worksuit is presented by a multi-criteria analysis and the suggestion of corpensating it for the weak point of worksuit is proposed here.
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小川 量也
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
211-222
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The marine pollution of enclosed seas is nowadays becoming a large social problem. For the purpose of preventing the marine fouling on a FRP ship hull, I have researched a new coating method by using a nontoxic paint instead of toxic paints in present use. In this report, the effectiveness of our proposed coating system with a non-polluting silicone paint as the top-coat and with a chlorinated rubber paint as the under-coat is reconfirmed. From the experiments of many FRP plates and two FRP yachts, it is found that the effect of this coating system continues clearly about half a year, and by water-jet cleaning onto a ship hull after the lapse of ten months to one year, a similar result is expected again. The occurrence of exfoliation of a coated film from FRP surface is not observed up to a speed of 41.5 knots in our rotational experiments of disk plates. New coating methods to FRP ship hull in cases of newly coating, touch-up coating, re-coating, etc. are presented here.
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塩谷 茂明
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
223-231
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This paper is a fundamental research on wave-making phenomena by a planing flat plate of finite span. In the 7th report, the waves generated by a planing flat plate of finite span were calculated numerically by using the running pressure disturbance model on the free-surface of water and the calculated results were compared with the measured ones. This paper deals with direct numerical computation by a finite differential scheme of surface waves generated by a planing flat plate of finite span without the hypothesis of a running pressure disturbance as mentioned above. The computational surface waves are compared with the experimental results.
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野村 士平
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
233-240
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This paper deals with a method of ship manoeuvring analysis. B-spline fitting is applied to produce phase plane trajectories from manoeuvring trials which were carried out with the 240ton training ship'Yuge Maru'. The rudder and CPP response properties are examined, which are ascertained to be well described with the equations of first order lag. Nomoto's equations of motion4), 6) are used for phase plane analysis of manoeuvrability on zig-zag trials. The obtained constants, with the rudder response equation, are put into simulation. The second order linear equation of motion coincides well with the measured trial results, and is thought fit best for practical use. The analysis shows that B-spline fitting is useful for the phase plane analysis of ship manoeuvrability.
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伊藤 雅則, 水野 浩, 大川 登志男
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
241-249
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In these days, an automatic operation technique for marchant ship is becoming higher lebel, but in the field of special work ship, it remained at lower lebel because of the speciality and difficulty. Bucket dredger is a type of dredging ship and put into a group of special work ship. It dredges sand, soil or rock with rotating buckets line which is constructed by connecting about 100 buckets. It uses 6 anchor lines for the movement of dredging such as route tracking, positioning and velocity control. The operation system using anchor line is applied another type of work ship. Automatic control for this operation requires solving the problem of interference among route tracking, positioning and velocity control. The authors approched it with modern control theory and conventional control method, and had the conclusion that generally the former is effective for every operation but the latter is adequate in case of bucket dredger. This algorithm was systemized with micro-computer and the performance was tested on real ship. The result of it was sufficent and this system was installed on the ship as the equipments using reguraly.
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松村 尚志, 佐藤 修臣, 田中 穂積
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
251-257
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The authors had discussed an automatic categorization of documents of cause of collision accidents from the Report of Judgement on Marine Accident Inquiry Agency by term weighting. In this paper, a method of categorization using a thesaurus is proposed. Term weights are not determined as an individual word, but determined as synonyms for a reason that large number synonyms in each category make a feature of each category. The synonyms are classified by superordinate/subordinate, part/whole relation. The results obtained in this research are as follows. (1) The thesaurus consists of about 280 words which is available for documents categorization is constructed. (2) After repetition of editing the thesaurus and experimental tests, the thesaurus of fewer words obtained high accuracy of categorization. (3) The accuracy of a right answer is about 75% at the maximum.
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川崎 潤二, 天下井 清
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
259-267
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The human factors can be recognized as an important composition for the fishing vessel's operation and it is said that the human error, the fault of human factor, is related to the cause of the accident on the high probability. In this paper, we focus attention to the fatigue and drowsiness on the fisherman as a cause of human error. we conducted the questionnaire to the fishermen to investigate the relationship between the fatigue or drowsiness and fishing environments. The obtained results were summarized as a knowledge to reduce the possibility causes the sea disaster, 1) To prevent a doze during operation, we should notice especially the temperature in the bridge, and also should be necessary to make plans not to be irregurate and extremely long of the operation hours. 2) Working posture should be improved to relief the lumbago which is frequently view into the research, and cope with this symptoms, there would be necessary to consider the nautical instrument. To reduce the fatigue of the eyes, lighting and temperature in the bridge would be necessary to consider, and also should make plans not to be long the operation hours and not to be lack of sleep.
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片山 泰介, 庄司 邦昭
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
269-275
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The ship deflection causes various troubles, especially many ship equipments are bad influenced by it. Authors made a report of the experiment using a model of "SHIOJIMARU No.III" about ship deflection. They used the strain gauge and laser displacement meter to measure the deflection. As a result of the experiment, they could grasp the distribution of ship deflection about "SHIOJIMARU No.III" and get the data for ship design on the deflection. The real ship deflection was different from the value they estimated using a model ship.
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湯室 彰規, 内野 拓
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
277-284
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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This report deals with numerical simulation concerning an optimal control problem for parallel course change maneuver of a tanker-type ship equipped with a rudder and a bow thruster. The computation for the control forces determined on the basis of the linear optimal regulator theory is made by taking account of magnitude constraint on the control input. And comparison is made between the control force with saturated state and the solution of the time optimal control problem. In the previous report, however, effect of the controller time lag on generating the control force was neglected. In the present report, features of similar behavior of these control forces are examined by considering the time lag effect. As a result, it is found that the control force based on the optimal regulator theory approaches to the solution of the time optimal control problem as the value of time constant of the controller increases.
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鶴田 三郎, 戸田 政則
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
285-292
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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We showed that it is feasible for constructing the Artificial Reality (AR) system on a personal computer in the former report. It was also found that easy movement of sight line and more accurate vehicle modeling are important for applying Container Freight Station (CFS) management. In this study, Head Mounted Display (HMD) is introduced to the AR system in order to facilitate the movement of sight line. A series of tests for a prototype forklift (3.5ton type) and for a virtual forkift in AR system is carried out, in order to compare the characteristics of the CRT display system and that of the HMD system. The time for performing the jobs and flicker-value are measured, and the direct question of inquiry for system drivers is carried out. Results are summarized as follows; 1. HMD system has better performance than CRT display system in workability. The measured time for a virtual forklift in HMD system is almost the same as the time for a real forklift. 2. Binocular stereoscopic display is more effective than monocular stereoscopic display. 3. Although the time performance is poor, the CRT display system is highly rated in the direct question of inquiry. From this result the CRT display system can be used for the jobs with less sight line movement.
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鶴田 三郎, 森田 朋子
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
293-302
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In this paper, we have studied the block layout design of a CFS (Container Freight Station) to improve the working efficiency. To evaluate the layout design, simulations using multistage queuing network model are carried out. The effect of each design is quantitatively investigated by calculating working periods of forklift trucks, traffic volume and floor area efficiency. Results are shown below; 1. The forklift operation between the 1st storing area and the 2nd storing area for vanning is key to reduce break hours between work periods and total working hours in this CFS. 2. Total working hours and traffic can be reduced by changing block layout design. 3. In the most effective layout, total working hours is 15% less than and traffic is 14% less than in present layout, without adding new passage. 4. In floor area efficiency, the layout adding new passage is inferior to the most effective one, however there is a possibility that more improvement can be achieved by changing the passage configuration.
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三上 武男, 福田 平八郎, 山田 猛敏
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
303-312
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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In this paper, the authors will promote the modal shift policy of freight transportation based on the efficiency from trucking to shipping in Japanese domestic routes. As against an individual estimation for effect of consignor's efficiency including tradeoff between transport cost and delivery time, we tried to seek for a criterion of the estimation and its specific value on some consignor group from a statistical standpoint, and also according to the overall evaluation method for usual transport mode choice. As a result, we propose a method to find weighted values between transport cost and delivery time, in which the criterion is the diverging point from minus to plus in effects of the efficiency. Then the weighted value is calculated by applying to cases of modal shift which the Ministry of Transport (the Department of Transportation) has published. Using of this value, we further study possibilities of improvement on efficiency of the modal shift.
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久保 雅義, 三木 楯彦, 安田 孝志, 多昌 啓
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
313-323
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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For the restoration of the Port of Kobe, it is most effective that container cargo traffic is increased. However, the import and export cargoes have deep connections with the activities of domestic industries, so it is hard for these cargoes to increase rapidly. In this paper, we discuss mainly how to increase the transship cargoes. Port charges should be decreased to gather the transship cargoes. To realize the reduction in its price, we offer the following proposals. 1. Price down of the handling charges by the introduction of effective cargo handling machines 2. Operation of favorable treatment for the feeder ships on the taxes, pilotages, etc. If we carry out these operations, the international transship cargoes will begin to gather. However, it is still hard for the domestic transship cargoes to change the connection with the foreign hub port due to high domestic transport fee. We offer the next proposals to clear the wall. 3. Permission for ocean liners to carry the import and export cargoes in Japan 4. Reduction of the freight of domestic liner which transports the import and export cargoes by the deregulations of shipbuilding and repair in foreign countries etc. We would offer the above four proposals as a package in order to survive the Port of Kobe.
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斎藤 勝彦, 久保 雅義
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
325-330
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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The serious damages of cargo in warehouse were happened by the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. There are some countermeasures against shifting cargo. But the quantitative effect of them is not clear by earthquake. This paper deals with the slip of an object on oscillating floor as the first step of a basic research on prevention of pull down cargo by earthquake. The dynamical friction factors of some materials are varied with slip velocity in the physical model. The phenomenon is in contrast to the ideal Coulomb's friction law. The mathematical model can simulate the movement of single object on oscillating floor when the dynamical friction factor by the physical model is used.
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三木 楯彦, 久保 雅義, 貢 春竜
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
331-341
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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A large-scale container terminal is being built one after another in Asia as well as in Japan along with the enlargement of container ships. Together with a role of container terminal cost reduction, effective operational method is most important for shipping companies and port managers facing with international competition. In order that the condition of a Hub port is maintained by container ports of Japan, fast, cheap, and reliable delivery of container cargo is a must. Precisely speaking it is necessary to satisfy shippers with QCD (quality, cost and delivery) to prevent the hollowing of container port operation and logistics. As for Q quality of logistics for 24 hours, as for C inexpensive port and terminal charges, and as for D is the reliable time of delivery. In Japan apart from Q and D, C is so expensive no matter who sees it that there seems to be no victory. Asian ports are enthusiastically constructing modernized ports as a new and powerful nation project. In the port of Kobe the utilization of gantry cranes is remarkably low with 20〜30%, whereas the operation rate of the port of Hong Kong is high with about 80%. Low utilization makes terminal expenses higher per every container handled, as well as the considerable decrease of the competitive power of the port itself. With the aid of computer simulation of container handling in port, performance were compared between container terminal systems with cooperative operation within a group of adjacent terminals versus independent operation at each terminal. As a result, the improvement of facility utilization is expected in the joint usage of several container terminals if the public port management policy of first-come, first-served priority is adopted.
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黒川 久幸, 大和 裕幸
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
343-350
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Introduction of Hub Terminal is effective measures for retrenchment of Physical Distribution (P.D.) Cost. It is necessary to design the optimal number and location of terminal, pickup and delivery area, route of transportation, etc. But this is complicated design, and it is difficult to try to make the system most suitable. The present report therefore aims at presenting basic data on design of P.D. System. This basic data will be a great help in attacking the problem of design. The results are as follows; (1)The following equation is obtained as a guideline on the optimal number of terminal. T/n^2・V=GN T : total cargo weight, n : number of terminal, V : max. loading weight of vehicle, GN : a Guideline on the optimal Number (2)When GN<1, introduction of Hub Terminal is effective measures for retrenchment of P.D. Cost.
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久保 雅義, 斎藤 勝彦, 水井 真治, 世登 順三, 清田 耕司
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
351-359
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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At fishery harbors facing to open-sea, accidents which is concerned the ship mooring or entering into a harbor sometimes happen under severe wave conditions. However, there are few reseaches of these motions due to a necessity of long term observations and their risky works. In order to avoid the cost and the risk, we try to simulate the irregular wave trains that fishermen call "3 big and 4 small waves" or "3 big and 8 small waves" by the small ship repeated turning. It is found that the irregular wave trains can be made easily by changing the ship's speed and rudder angle.
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久保 雅義, 前田 保男, 片山 哲三, 斎藤 勝彦
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
361-370
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Harbors facing to open-sea are sometimes troubled with long-period waves. Long-period waves cause harbor oscillations, and damage moored ships and adjacent structures. So far some studies on harbor oscillations have been carried out, and calculation models have been developed. Previous analytical studies can be divided into two groups. The first is the method that the basic solution of the Helmholtz equation is expressed in terms of an infinite series. The second is expressed in terms of the zero order Hankel function of the first kind alone. Applying the second method, a new calculation model is developed in this paper. This model is applicable to harbors which have arbitary boundary in the open-sea region as well as the harbor region. Some details about the new model are given in the 2nd chapter. In the 3rd chapter, the numerical results are compared with previous study. Then the model is applied to three familiar harbors. The obtained results are summarized as follows; (1)About the integral of coastline parts, the tip of the boundary is set at the point that the radiated wave function attenuats to 1/10. (2)In spite of the difference in the surrounding land form of the harbors, each resonant period resembles, and the wave patterns in the harbor region for the resonant modes is very similar to each other. (3)In the open-sea region, long-period waves have a different influence on the wave pattern according to the surrounding land form of the harbors.
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石橋 篤, 小林 弘明, 宇賀神 輝雄
原稿種別: 本文
1996 年 95 巻 p.
371-380
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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Ship Maneuvering behavior significantly changes according to water depth. A mathematical model has been established for estimation of maneuvering motion in shallow water with ordinary speed range. But estimation of harbor maneuvering motion in shallow water has not been cleared yet, because of its hydrodynamical complication. In this paper, establishment of the mathematical model for harbor maneuvering motion in shallow water is discussed. In order to clarify characteristics of hull, propeller and rudder, also interaction forces among hull, propeller and rudder, the captive model tests are carried out in a wide range concerning yaw and sway motion. Verification of the mathematical model for harbor maneuvering motion has been made by comparing results of simulation using the mathematical model and free running model test in shallow water. In a free running model test, the model's position and velocity should be measured with high accuracy for the purpose of analysis of maneuvering characteristics. Therefore, a new measuring system using a CCD camera was developed. The accuracy of position measuring of this system, which is 1.0cm, made it possible to analyze harbor maneuvering motion at low speed. The results gained by the simulation using mathematical model proposed in this paper show good agreement with results of the free running model test.
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原稿種別: 文献目録等
1996 年 95 巻 p.
Misc1-
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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原稿種別: 付録等
1996 年 95 巻 p.
App3-
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
ジャーナル
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原稿種別: 付録等
1996 年 95 巻 p.
App4-
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
ジャーナル
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原稿種別: 付録等
1996 年 95 巻 p.
App5-
発行日: 1996/09/25
公開日: 2017/01/15
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