巻号一覧
16 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の13件中1～13を表示しています
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Makoto Hirabayashi1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 67-72
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
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Namio Kawashima, Yuzo Nakamura1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 73-76
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
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吉岡 正三, 井村 徹1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 77-81
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe internal structure of Al single csystals was studied by means of the capillary X-ray tube newly designed by the authors. The change of the lattice structure according to the state of tension, recovering and recrystallization was progressively observed.The diffraction patterns were very characteristic: (a) in the case of back reflection, the patterns were composed of ellipses, which indicated the state of atomic planes nearly parallel to the apparent surface of specimen; (b) in the case of transmission, the patterns developed were very analogous to those by Kossel,and these patterns were thought to indicate the state of atomic arrangement in the direction nearly perpendicular to the surface of specimen.
The results of these patterns were as follows: (1) the quantitative measurement of lattice distortion became possible,which is thought impossible by the usual Laue method; (2) the value of d varied by the degree of deformation, but the order of the variation, e.g., the value of Δd and the sign (±) observed in each plane were both indefinite; (3) the effect of recovery by heating was clearly observed as the revival of the sharpness of reflection lines,but the complete restoration of initial sharpness could not be expected without the recrystallization by full annealing; (4) in the stage of this annealing “multiple type subdivision” of diffraction lines was observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1243K) -
岡本 正三, 小高 良平1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 81-86
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIf the cooling of steel is interrupted at a temperature in its martensite range, subsequent transformation of the austenite into martensite on recommencement of the cooling suffers a delay, i.e., it does not begin immediately but proceeds only after the temperature is lowered some temperature interval Δθ°. Dilatometric studies on steel containing 1%C and 1.6%Cr quenched from 1000° showed that the magnitude Δθ° would increase showing a maximum at −20° with lowering of the temperature TA in the martensite range at which cooling was arrested, and then decreased with further lowering of the temperature TA. On the aging at constant temperature, Δθ° became larger as the holding time was longer, but if the temperature was high, it decreased after showing a maximum and then increased again with the beginning of the transformation of retained austenite into bainite. Ms temperatures resulting from the holding time after quenched into hot bath held at temperature higher than the normal Ms were determined, and it was found that as the holding time was longer the subsequent Ms temperature was first lowered, next risen and finally dropped sharply with the beginning of the bainitic transformation.
It is presumed from these results that the stabilization phenomenon is closely related with formation of the Preston Guinier Zone-like cluster within the austenitic solid solution during the incubation period for the bainite transformation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (971K) -
小川 喜代一1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 86-91
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーUseing lubricant, the slide wearing tests, of carbonitrided steel were carried out. In the previous paper, the author reported in detail the carbo-nitriding of steel. The properties of hardened layer of carbo-nitrided steels remarkably differ with the composition of salt, condition of treatment and the composition of steels. Consequently, these factors have important influences upon wearing. Therefore, in order to determine the condition of wearing test sample, the author investigated on the hardness and internal stress of carbo-nitrided steels. The distribution of hardness of hardened layer is low mainly at the surface of steel,high at its center by influence of residual austenite by quenching. The effect of internal stress is slight, owing to lower quenching temperature than other methods.
First, in order to determine the wearing condition, the wearing experiments were performed under the wide range on contact pressure, wearing veloclty, and wearing mechanism. In consequence, we determined constant condition of pressure was 15 kg/cm2, and of velocity was 3.4 m/sec, and then the experiment was carried out under these conditions.
The results are as follows: The wearing amount of steel treated with carbo-hitriding are proportional to hardness of wearing surface; the greater the hardness is, the greater the wearing resistance becomes. Therefore, in order to get good wear resistance, the retained austenite of carbo-nitrided steel should be decreased as possible, for example, by means of proper selection of quenching temperature or tempering temperature, that is we could affirm that,it makes the wearing resistance to be good,to make residual austenite decrease in the heat treatment or to temper properly after quenching.
Moreover, the author tested the worn surface by electron microscope, and recognized the clear difference between bright wearing and fused wearing and discussed the mechanism of wearing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1144K) -
小川 喜代一, 竹内 栄一1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 92-95
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーContinuing previous report, the experiments were performed on sliding wear of steel with carbo-nitriding using lubricant. On the steel with various carbo-nitriding the experiments were performed under the same condition as in 1st report: contact pressure 15 kg/cm2, wearing velocity 3.4 m/sec. The wearing amount is weighed with microbalance in this investigation, which generally is little, owing to the wearing by the combination of high hard steels, and so it is necessary that the measured weight is specially accurate.
The test pieces were washed, as pre-treatment of balance, by benzol and alcohol, but it is said that even in the case of enough washing, the surface of test pieces keeps molecular oil film, which influence the coefficient of friction. Accordingly, we compared the test piece washed in solution of benzol and alcohol and alcohol with that washed in ether after washing by the vapour of benzol and alcohol.Though the coefficient of friction changes variously, the difference of their weights is 0.0047 mg, that is in the range of error of measurement.
It is devided into two parts: initial wearing range which terminates in a short time, and stationary wearing range, in which the wear proceeds linearly at the constant inclination. From this consequence, we measured the life that the hardened layer of steel surface vanishes by the wearing.
Because of the difference of the initial wearing range for each condition of the treatment with carbo-nitriding, if we get only this value experimentally, it is possible to estimate the stational wearing range. Thus we explained the life of various wearing at the hardened layer of steel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (676K) -
吉岡 正三, 目良 光男1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 95-100
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe Procedure of grinding Fe was studied by electron diffraction method. The experiments were carried out in two ways; (a) specimens were always ground on fresh surface of emery paper, (b) they were ground on almost worn-out surface such as the mesh which was stuffed by ground-dust. The former case is temporarily called short-grinding and the latter long-grinding.
In the case of short-grinding, the diffraction patterns were considerably different according to the mesh degrees of grinding. Specimens ground by comparatively coarse emeries (No. 3∼0) developed the several sharp reflections of α-Fe overlapped by few lines probably originated from unknown material produced on the surface. Specimens ground by fine emeries (No. 0.2∼0.5) gave diffuse diffraction rings of Fe3O4 and α-Fe.
In the case of long-grinding, the observed diffractions were always of Fe3O4, whereas, when the grinding operation was intermittently carried on, the patterns changed progressively so that the Fe reflections developed remarkably, though there was no sign of diffusion or haloing of diffraction. This fact would be taken as suggesting that occurred a deoxidizing effect in the course of grinding, probably caused by the existence of ground-dust. This effect was very analogous to that which had formerly been studied on the case of polishing of Cu by one of the authors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1020K) -
金山 廣吉1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 100-104
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIt was found that the metallic coating of Sb was formed of Sb powder by a special cementation method. This method is to pack the iron in the powder composed, on the volume percentage, of 30%Sb, 30%ZnO, 30%C and 10%Na2CO3, and heat it at 550∼650° for 30∼60 minutes. The author postulates that the coating is formed by the solid diffusion and the gaseous penetration of Sb into iron. The effects on the nature of coating produced by a sort of powder, Sb contents in the powder (from 10% to 90%Sb), heating temperature (from 400° to 800°) and heating time (from 0.5 to 4 hr) were sutdied. The coating consists of two layers. The outer layer, that forms the greater part of the coating, consists of Sb containing, in the state of solid solution, a small amount of iron and the inner layer consists of Fe-Sb metallic compounds. But the inner layer was not formed by heating below 630°. The total thickness of the coating was about 0.02 mm, when heated at 600° for 30 minutes. The cohesion of the coating was tested by measuring the difference of weight after striking the specimens with iron plate or rubbing them with carborundom powder. The stability of coating depends upon the thickness of inner layer. It was largest when heated at 650°,and the thickness of inner layer at the time was very small. The corrosion of the coating in the 10%HCl, 10%H2SO4, 10%HNO3 and 2%NaCl aq.solution and that in the air were also examined.
Merits of this method are as follows: (1) Apparatus and technique for it are very simple. (2) The coating has a beautiful silver lustre. (3) The cohesion of coating is superior to that by electro-plating. But a grave defect is that the coating is relatively brittle.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (829K) -
齋藤 昇, 宮田 順吾1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 104-107
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーWe measured gas evolved from each part of ordinary radio tube, UZ 42, which was heated for a short period while it was expelling gases. As a result of this experiment, we found the condition as stated below:
(1) Quantity of evolved gas was about 2.9 cc and in this gas, CO2 was 84%, H2O 7.3%, CO 5.6%, H2 3%, and unknown 0.1%. In CO2 gas, gas evolved by analysis of BaSr double carbonate of the cathode occupied the greatest part of it, and its ratio was 88%. 81% of H2O was emitted from the cathode and 10% was evolved from the glass bulb, CO was emitted 51% from the cathode, 14% from the anode, 13% from the getter, and 12% from the grid. 87% of H2 occupied the greatest part of gas emitted, from the getter, and 6% of the balance was emitted from the grid. (2) Gas evolved from the anode during exhaustion and the quantity of gas maintained in the anode did not decrease as much. (3) The cathode evolved gas continuously after decomposition of BaSr Carbonate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (524K) -
多賀谷 正義, 田村 今男1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 107-111
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe cooling abilities of water and aqueous liquids were measured with the apparatus reported in the 1st report. And then we explained and systematized their cooling abilities from the standpoint described in the 3rd report. The results are shown in Fig. 8.
When the water is used for quenching medium, the temperature of water must be kept as low as possible. The characteristic temperature is high in the solution of non-volatile solute and low in the solution of volatile solute. And in the solution of non-volatile solute the cooling is rapid at the pearlitestage and slow at martensitestage. In the colloidal solution, the average cooling rate at 700°∼200° varies, according to its concentration,from that of water to that of oil. But the cooling of such solution is slow at the pearlitestage and rapid at the martensitestage. The cooling curves of solution of waterglass at the suitable concentration is like that of oil. But many difficulties remain for practical use.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (754K) -
岩瀬 慶三, 本間 正雄1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 111-116
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIt is known that the Existence of O2 gives the tendency of White Cast Ironization,but the mechanism of this process is unknown.
We explained clearly this mechanism on the basis of the Atomic Arrangement of Cast Iron Melt and Double Diagram. In liquid Cast Iron, O atoms behave as free O atoms partly and Fe-C-O-Fe clusters, and this clusters prevent the freezing of melt on C′ (Austenite-Graphite) eutectic point, unbalancing the lever relation of E′C′F′, and consequently,on C (Austenite-Fe3C) eutectic point the melt freezes as White Cast Iron.
Theoretical O2 Content of White Cast Ironization is 0.01%, equivalent of C% of E-E′.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1136K) -
高瀬 孝夫, 三谷 祐康1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 117-121
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーDr. R.Torigai invented a high frequency induction surface hardening equipment which has special circuit fitted with C2 condenser; it has large capacity of about 200∼300 kVA, as C2 condenser saves current loss in sparking gap (see Fig. 1). Subsequently,in Japan the induction surface hardening method has made rapid progress. However, metallurgical research has not yet been accomplished, and from this point of view,the author studied effect of carbon content on hardness, strain and residual stress of ten kinds of carbon steel (see Table 1).In this paper,the author lay emphasis on preparatory heat treatment so as to diffuse easily between Fe and C during rapid heating. By micro Vickers hardness testing, martensite appecered on transitional zone, showing higher hardness number than that of surface (see Fig. 5). This martensite is not of a special structure but fine and high carbon martensite. Quantity of martensite is proportional to carbon content, strain and residual stress increase with carbon content.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (860K) -
田中 晃1952 年 16 巻 2 号 p. 121-124
発行日: 1952年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSome experiments on the electrolytic polishing of mild steel by alternating current (100 volts, 50 cycles) were performed to obtain the mirror-like surfaces and also the losses of weight due to the polishing and the irregularities of the polished surfaces were compared with the case of the polishing by direct current. In this experiment,the mixed solution of 90 per cent by voleume of phosphoric acid of Sp. gr. 1.75 and 10 per cent by volume of sulphuric acid of Sp. gr. 1.84 was mainly used as the electrolyte, and the carbon plate was used as the opposite pole.
The results of this experiments are summarized as follows: (1) It appears possible that the surfaces of mild steels are polished by alternating current only below the solution temperature of 60° and the best polished surface is obtained under the condition which is the current density of about 200 Amp/dm steel surface, and the solution temperature of 45° (2) There are no appreciable differences in the microscopic appearances of the both surfaces which are polished by alternating current and by direct current. However, the polished surfaces by direct current show a tendency to increase the surface pitting. To avoid the surface pitting, it is effective to have the iron ions in the electrolyte about 1.5 g/L. (3) Although the loss of weight due to the polishing by alternating current is greater than by direct current, the surfaces by the latter are flat and highly polished. There fore, it seem that the projecting parts of the steel surface are more selectively soluble in the case of direct current than in the other case.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (696K)
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