日本金属学会誌
Online ISSN : 1880-6880
Print ISSN : 0021-4876
ISSN-L : 0021-4876
24 巻, 8 号
選択された号の論文の19件中1~19を表示しています
  • 渡辺 四郎
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 479-482
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The methods for the fractional determination of quartz and silicate in menganese and reduced manganese ores were examined, and after some experiments, a the following procedure is recommended for the above purpose: The silicate fraction in a 0.5 g ore sample is dissolved in a 300 mL quartz beaker on a paraffin bath of 200° for 1/2 to 1 hr with 20 mL of strong phosphoric acid (300 g of commercial orthophosphoric acid is dehydrated in a quartz flask heated at 300° on a hot plate). After dilution with 100 mL of hot water (70° to 80°), the strong phosphoric acid solution is added with 10 mL of 20% sodium fluoborate solution and a small amount of paper pulp, and allowed to stand for 30 minutes at room temperature. It is then filtered; the residue is washed thoroughly first with hot hydrochloric acid (1:9), then with water. The residue placed in a platinium crucible is ignited at about 950°, and the silica content of the ash is determined by the hydrofluoric acid method. The silicate is given by subtracting the so obtained quartz from the total silica of the sample, previously determined by means of the hydrofluoric acid method. The method is adaptable to the determination of quartz and silicate in a wide variety of samples of rocks, ores, clays and dusts.
  • 渡辺 四郎
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 483-486
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this report, the rational method of analysis by fractional determination of various elements, such as manganese, iron, silicon etc., in manganese and reduced manganese ores is discussed as based on the data described in the previous reports (Parts 1 to 8) is made. A method for fractional determination of manganese silicates in manganese and reduced manganese ores is also sought. After some experiments, a the following procedure for this purpose was decided upon as recommendable: Heat a 0.5 g sample of manganese or reduced manganese ore in a 50 mL solution of 18 N sulfuric acid with a small amount of hydrogen peroxide for an hour, in order to bring out all the manganese silicates (i.e. tephroite, braunite, penwithite etc.) in the sample except rhodonite in solution. The solution is then filtered after diluting with 200 mL of hot water, and adding a small amount of paper pulp; the residue containing rhodonite is washed thoroughly first with hot 0.5 N sulfuric acid solution, then, with water. The residue placed in a platimum crucible is ignited, fused with sodium carbonate, and extracted with sulfuric acid solution. The whole manganese in the extraction is determined by means of ferrous-permanganate titration, and the resultant manganese is calculated for rhodonite. The results of such analysis show that some trivalent manganese is contained only in some specific manganese ores such as braunite ore.
  • 寺沢 正男, 吉田 英二
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 487-490
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors studied the effect of antimony and silicon inlead on the extrusion and mechanical properties of extruded rods under different extrusion temperatures. The following results were obtained. In the extrusion process at room temperature, the extrusion pressure and the tensile strength of extruded rods increased with increase of antimony and silicon contents in lead, and the elongation decreased. These remarkable inclinations were apparent in the range of 0.3∼0.7% antimony contents and in the extrusion temperature between 100° and 150° in lead-antimony alloys as well as lead-antimony-silicon alloys. However, these effects of antimony and silicon were weakened with rising extrusion temperature. The rods extruded at room temperature showed age-softening, while these extruded by hot-working showed age-hardening.
  • 室 博
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 490-493
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous paper, the microplasticity of hardened ball-bearing steel under sustained twristing moment (shear stress of 1.8∼15.0 kg/mm2) between room temperature and 300°C, had been reported. It was suggested that the total strain increment between designated temperatures (named cumulative flow) of quenched specimens depends upon the carbon concentration of quenched martensite. In the present paper the cumulative flow for quenched carbon steels of various carbon contents was investigated and its dependency on the carbon concentration of martensite was established. For tempered specimens the cumulative flow below tempering temperature was also influenced by the primary carbon concentration. By means of twisting-creep tests, cold-drawn ball-bearing steel also exhibited a tendency fairly resembling that of quenched low-carbon steel.
  • 長谷川 政美
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 493-496
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Normally Si in Al alloy and Al-Si alloy is determined gravimetrically or, in certain cases, colorimetrically, but the former is a time-consuming method and the latter is not suitable for high silicon alloy. The method presented here consists of formation of K2SiF6 and its titration with alkali according to the following new analytical procedure. Transfer 0.2 to 0.5 g of the sample to a 300 mL polyethylene conical beaker. Add 60 mL of hot (1:1) HNO3 and 5 mL of HF. Dissolve the sample without heating and dilute with water to 100 mL. Cool rapidly to 20°C and add KNO3 until the solution is saturated. Filter through No. 5A filter paper with a polyethylene funnel. Wash with cold washing solution (dissolve 150 g. KNO3 in 850 mL of distilled water, add 150 mL of alcohol, and then cool to below 20°C until the washings are acid-free. Transfer the paper and the precipitate to a 500 mL conical beaker, add 200 mL of carbon dioxide-free boiling water, shake thoroughly, and titrate while still hot with NaOH solution, using 5 drops (3%) of phenolphthalein indicator, until a faint pink color appears. Deduct the blank from the main titration. 1 mL of 0.5 N NaOH\fallingdotseq0.3508%Si. With Al alloys, this method is only interfered by Ti, Ta and Zr; consequently, as long as these elements do not exceed 0.5% of the sample, succeessful results will be always obtained. Therefore this method can be applied to a number of Al alloys and Al-Si alloys, Furthermore, this method is more rapid, simple and accurate than the usual method and the whole procedure can be carried out within 50 minutes. Hence, this method is a very suitable method for the purpose of industrial routine analysis.
  • 椙山 正孝, 牧野 昇, 設楽 斉
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 496-500
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Cr-Cu alloy is used as electrode materials for resistance welding. In this report, the effect of Be on the hardness and the electrical conductivity of Cr-Cu alloy is described. First, the specimens of Cu-Cr-Be ternary alloys containing different quantities of Cr and Be were prepared to detect their optimum composition. It was shown that these alloys present the most superior properties in the region of 0.05∼0.1%Be, 0.6∼0.9%Cr and balance Cu. At this composition, the electrical conductivity became more than IACS 80%, the hardness (RB) more than 80 and the tensile strength more than 50 kg/mm2. Ni, Ti, Ag, Al and P were added to the ternary alloy. The electrical or mechanical properties were unfavourably affected by these elements. The optimum heat treatment and the structural change of this alloy were determined on the specimens of representative composition. The critical temperature for solution treatment was considered to be 1,000°C. The most excellent properties were obtained by tempering at 450∼470°C after cold-working of 50∼90%.
  • 中野 弘一, 山本 俊二, 小林 弘, 高村 昭
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 500-504
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Laboratory tests were carried out on the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of titanium nitrided in nitrogen stream at 850°C for 16∼80 hr. The wear resistance of titanium was remarkably improved by nitriding. According to the results of sliding experiments, nitrided titanium showed satisfactory surface properties in combinations with the following materials: Cast iron, hard chromium plating and nitrided titanium itself respectively in unlubricated conditions; bronze, cast iron, carbon steel, low alloy steel, Carbaite, bakelite, hard chromium plating and nitrided titanium itself respectively in lubricated conditions. On the whole, the corrosion resistance of titanium was not affected adversely by nitriding and, further, it was interesting to note that the nitriding even improved the resistance in reducing environments. The effect of nitriding on the mechanical properties of titanium was negligible.
  • 若松 茂雄
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 504-506
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Zn in the presence of Al and Sn has been titrated with EDTA. To avoid the interference of Al and Sn, NH4F was used. The method has been successfully spplied to the determination of Zn in Al alloys. The proceduse is as follows: Weigh a 2 g sample into a beaker and dissolve it in 30 mL of 20%NaOH solution and 5 mL of 30%H2O2. After boiling out the excess H2O2, add Na2S solution, cool, dilute to volume in a 500 mL volumetric flask and filter through a dry filter paper. Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Ti, Ca, Mg, etc., remain on the filter paper as hydrous oxides or sulfides. Pipet 10 to 50 mL of the filtrate into a beaker and dilute to about 70 mL with water. Make it slightly acid with HCl and 3 g of NH4F (to mask Al and Sn) and 5 mL of 50%CH3COONH4 solution. Adjust the solution to pH 5 to 6 with 1 to 1 NH4OH. Heat at 70 to 80°C, add 3 to 4 drops of indicator (PAN), mix and titrate with 0.005 M EDTA solution. Then back-titrate the excess EDTA with 0.005 M CuSO4 solution.
  • 室町 繁雄, 堀 茂徳
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 506-510
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    In our country, the chill cast and the bran cast moulds in manufacturing wrought brass billets are widely used, and also the continuous casting method is now being used. In 65/35 brass, cast into book-mould by the above-mentioned casting methods, some segrgations, were found in the ingots containing more or less of the beta phase. The residual beta was almost always of a massive shape in the bran cast or of a striped form in the continuous casting method. The beta in the cast ingot was is dissolved in alpha by long soaking or annealing, and this disappearance of the beta phase was accelerated by cold-rolling before heating. When a cold-rolled continuous cast ingot was heated to recrystallization temperature, fine recrystallized grains were frequently produced along the laminated residual beta phase, and this phenomenon seemed to be the effect of suppression of the grain growth due to laminated beta. When the sample, slightly cold-rolled after being partially recrystallized, was annealed, coarse grains were formed around the residual beta particle. In order to prevent the appearance of mixed grains, therefore, it is important that the beta should be eliminated by adeguate soaking or annealing prior to the final rolling.
  • 阿保 有恒, 宮下 秀夫, 宇田 応之
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 511-514
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    We studied, by X-ray diffraction. the crystal structure of commercial Au-Cu-Ag alloys and the specimens electroplated with Au-Cu-Ag alloys (Table 1). aged at various temperatures in vacuum (10−4 mmHg) for 1 hr after solution treatment of the former and just after electroplating of the latter, and also measured the hardness of them by micro-Vickers hardness tester. In these experiments, there were tendencies that the maximum hardness of these aged alloys acquiring an ordered state were obtained at the aging temperature just under the ordering temperature ranges, while the alloys not proved to become ordered by such heat treatment had the maximum hardness before attractive increase of the precipitated phase. Thence it was inferred that the age-hardenability of these alloys was probably related to the ordering of these alloys in conjunction with the precipitation of new phase from the homogeneous solid solution (matrix).
  • 西野 知良, 高橋 清治
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 514-518
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Strain age-hardening of carbon steel occurs in two stages during annealing after cold-working. The primary hardening at about 100°C takes place within the ferrite phase, and it may be reasonably explained by Cottrell’s mechanism, while the secondary in the range of 150∼340°C becomes marked with increase of the carbon content, and in addition, it is hardly accompanied by a rise of yield point upon measuring under a stress of the same kind and direction as those of prior working. It probably shows that the latter hardening is associated with the phase boundaries, since it is not so pronounced in the ferrite phase unlike in α solid-solution of brass, and that it is due, as in the case of α brass, to the removal of Bauschinger effect, which is more marked with the higher carbon steels. The secondary hardening in a given steel is, hence, chiefly affected by the arrangement, the shape and size of the cementite particles.
  • 西野 知良
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 518-522
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    A slight application of secondary working differing in type from the primary causes a considerable hardening, say secondary work hardening, probably indicating that the strain age-hardening is brought about not only by low temperature annealing but by mechanical treatment, and that it is due to the destruction of such a deformation structure that exhibit a marked anisotropy in anelastic effect. The destruction may be induced by internal stress, thermal diffusion and cold working. Here, the deformation structure is inferred to be such that the cementite particles and the vacancy aggregates therein present an anisotropic arrangement and shape depending on the working condition, and the dislocation loops created around them show a back stress.
  • 富来 哲彦, 小川 四郎
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 522-526
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The etching process of polycrystalline zirconium by acid has been investigated into by means of an electron microscope, using the replica method. Mainly, aqueous solution of fluoric acid and, complementarily, “Gulbransen reagent” and conc. sulphuric acid have been used as etching reagents. Etch pits with density of 109/cm2 appear at first on a zirconium surface attacked by aqueous solution of fluoric acid. With increasing etching duration, they are transformed into semispherical small depressions, which are developed inwards and finally fused with each other. Thus, the etched surface is ultimately composed by coalescence of these developed depressions. It is concluded that the pits do not always correspond to dislocations. The etching process by “Gulbransen reagent” and by conc. sulphuric acid is almost the same as that by aqueous solution of fluoric acid.
  • 藤原 達雄, 加藤 哲男
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 526-530
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been found recently that Alnico 5 under goes a reversible change in magnetic properties during aging processes. The analysis of this phenomenon is our purpose. The results of our magnetic measurement are summarized as follows: (1) The changes in magnetic proprety due to aging in the temperature range from 590° to 640°C are almost reversible. By aging above about 650°C, the reversibility is gradually lost with the rise of the aging temperature. (2) Changes in the coercive force as well as the maximum energy product as a function of aging temperature show an inclination similar to each other for specimens heat-treated with and without magnetic field, but changes in residual induction for these treatments are different in the two specimens. (3) The ratio of residual to saturation induction shows also different temperature dependence for specimens heat-treated with and without magnetic field. These phenomena should be noted, because they may have some relation with the mechanisms of the single domain magnetization.
  • 吉田 秋登
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 530-534
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    For the purpose of determining the scale of the oxidizing power of steelmaking slag, the electromotive forces of Pt|FeO-Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2|Fe were measured in air, pure oxygen of 1 atm, and argon (PO2<10−3 atm). All measurements were made at ca. 1400°C. It was clarified by statisticothermodynamical analysis that the iron oxide phase I is formed around the iron electrode by its oxidation, and the electromotive force is due to the following cell reaction:
    (This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
    \ oindentwhere the phase I and II(slag) in the cell are both in equilibrium with atmosphere. Then the electromotive force E may be expressed by the following equation,
    (This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
    \ oindentwhere (aT.FeO)I and (aT.FeO)II are the activities of T.FeO of the phases I and II, respectively. The activities of T.FeO of slags can be estimated from the electromotive force of this cell.
  • 武田 修三, 岩間 義郎, 坂倉 昭
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 534-538
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    By means of microscopic observation as well as magnetic and dilatometric analyses, the constitution of ternary alloys of iron-rich Fe-Ni-Si system was investigated and its equilibrium diagram concerning solid phase reaction was determined. The σ-phase, reported on in the previous paper(1), was found to be ferromagnetic and formed by a peritectoid reaction α+γ→σ, having a maximum temperature at about 920°C, at an original composition of about 29%Ni, 11%Si and 60%Fe, corresponding to the chemical formula Fe11Ni5Si4, after solidifying through an eutectic reaction, Melt→α+γ. It was also found that the composition of a constant permeability alloy “Senperm” in this system, extends over such a region where it shows a homogeneous α-phase at higher temperatures and then precipitates σ-phase with lowering temperature owing to its solubility change; this fact seems to corroborate our reasonings in the 1st report.
  • 岩間 義郎, 武田 修三
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 538-540
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the previous papers, it was reported that in alloys of Fe-Ni-Si system a ferromagnetic ternary compound σ-phase is formed and its chemical formula is inferred to be Fe11Ni5Si4 (60.2%Fe, 28.8%Ni, 11.0%Si). In the present paper, the crystal structure of this σ-phase has been studied by X-ray diffraction technique with powder camera and Geiger-counter spectrometer. Through interpretation of powder-pattern photographs and recording charts, as well as measurement of density of an alloy almost consisting of σ-phase by pycnometer method, the following results have been obtained: (1) The σ-phase has crystal structure of simple cubic type with lattice parameter a0=6.148 Å. (2) Its measured density is 7.30 g/cc (at 17°C). (3) It contains 20 atoms, or one molecule of Fe11Ni5Si4 in its unit cell.
  • 椙山 正孝, 中山 忠行
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 541-544
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present authors studied, by using the transmission-electron diffraction method, the initial oxide films of A.I.S.I. Type 302 B (2.45%Si), 19-9 DL (0.50%Si), Durimet 20 (1.27%Si) and Nichrome (JIS No.1, 0.5∼1.5%Si) oxidized in air at 700∼900°C. A solution of bromine in methanol (1:50 by vol.) was satisfactorily used for isolating the oxide films from these alloys. The electron-diffraction patterns obtained from initial oxide films (700∼900°C) of the alloys showed the existence of rhombohedral-type (mainly Cr2O3 or α-(Cr, Fe)2O3) and spinel-type oxides, and no such special oxides as SiO2 could be observed in the patterns. However, α-cristobalite crystals were detected when the films were heated at 1200°C for 1∼3 hr. Thereby the authors clarified experimentally that the special heat-resisting films consisting of amorphous SiO2 are formed on the surfaces of alloys in the eariest stage of oxidation.
  • 門間 改三, 須藤 一
    1960 年 24 巻 8 号 p. 544-547
    発行日: 1960年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of dissolved Se and Te on the surface tension of liquid Cu have been measured by a sessile drop method at various temperatures. Se and Te are highly surface- active in liquid Cu, and the maximum surface excess of Se and Te were calculated to be about 1.4×10−9 mol·cm−2 and 1.2×10−9 mol·cm−2 respectively; these values correspond to mono-molecular layers of Se−− or Te−−. These results are similar to the findings with Cu-S and Cu-O alloys reported in our previous paper.
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