日本金属学会誌
Online ISSN : 1880-6880
Print ISSN : 0021-4876
ISSN-L : 0021-4876
25 巻, 9 号
選択された号の論文の15件中1~15を表示しています
  • 白川 勇記, 大原 亨, 宮崎 健
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 557-559
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The change of the characteristics of the MSO magnetic shunt alloys by cold working up to 90% and successive annealing was measured. With increasing the degree of cold working, the permeability at 0°, μ0, decreases, and the temperature coefficient of the permeability, α, increases and the temperature coefficient of the permeability, α, increases and the temperature interval with same temperature coefficient of the permeability, ΔT0, decreases. By annealing, those properties are recovered and, above 600°, their values become to as almost the same as those before cold working. The differences of permeability between the states as cold work and after annealing are not similar each other, but having a maximum value for permeability of the latter state. Further, the change of saturation, magnetization Is, coercive force, Hc, electrical resistance, ΔRR, and Rockwell hardness, RH, by annealing was also measured.
  • 金子 秀夫, 西沢 泰二, 玉置 維昭
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 560-564
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    X-ray diffraction studies, chemical analyses and microscopic examinations were carrid out on sulfides isolated electrolytically from ferritic and austenitic stainless steels, and the effect of additional elements on the crystal structure, chemical composition and shape of sulfides in these steels were studied. The results obtained are listed below (1) Chromium sulfide, CrS, is present in both 13%Cr and 18-8 stainless steels. (2) Ni, Co, Mo, W and Si in stainless steels have little effect on the properties of CrS. (3) V concentrates into CrS replacing the Cr atoms up to the composition VS. (4) Mn, Nb, Ti and Zr form their own sulfides, MnS, NbS, TiS and ZrS, respectively (5) CrS, MnS and ZrS have a grobular form. While TiS is platelike, VS and NbS are dendritic.
  • 大沢 秀雄
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 564-568
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The author studied the formation of ferrite band in vacuum-melted steel and sandwich steel plate. The results were as follows: (1) Ferrite band did not form in pure carbon steel but formed in Ni-steel and Sn-steel. The microstructure of Ni-steel was studied with X-ray probe micro-analyser and it was found that Ni was higher in pearlite region and was lower in ferrite region. (2) Ferrite band formed only when steel was slowly cooled between Ar3 and Ar1, and the formation of ferrite band was not affected by the cooling rate over Ar3 and under Ar1. (3) The thickness of ferrite region was affected by the degree of segregation and cooling rate. Hence, it could be explained why ferrite band was eliminated by soaking and formed again by forging. (4) The results showed that the primary cause of formation of ferrite band was the heterogeneity of A3 point. When steel was slowly cooled, the preferential formation of ferrite occured in the A3-higher region and carbon was concentrated in the A3-lower region.
  • 足立 正雄, 辻本 得蔵
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 568-573
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The phenomenon of decrease of yield strength in Ti-4∼8%Al-2∼6%Co alloys quenched from β or α+β fields was investigated by tensile test, hardness measurement, microscopic observation and X-ray diffraction techniques. The remarkable decrease of yield strength in alloys containing 2∼4%Co is due to the deformation caused by martensite formation. The stress required to form martensite has relation with the stability of retained β phase,and the stability of retained β depends principally on the content of Co. The reason why the formation of stress-induced martensite takes place in Ti-Al-Co ternary alloys and not in Ti-Co binary alloys is that in the ternary alloys aluminium inhibits the formation of ω phase.
  • 前川 静弥, 中川 義隆
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 573-577
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The solubility of hydrogen in pure liquid iron has been measured as a function of pressure and temperature by the sampling method. Sieverts law is obeyed at all pressure up to one atomosphre. The logarithms of K(=H⁄\sqrtPH) and the standard free energy of solution of hydrogen in pure liquid iron may be expressed as:
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    The solubility is reduced by carbon and the effect of carbon on the activity coefficient of hydrogen has been determined as follows:
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  • 前川 静弥, 中川 義隆
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 577-580
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The solubility of hydrogen in liquid Fe-Si, Fe-Mn, Fe-Ni, Fe-Cr, Fe-Co, Fe-Mo, Fe-Al and Fe-S alloys was measured at 1600°C and 1620°C and one atmosphere by same method of Report 1. The solubility is decreased by Si,Mn,and Co but is increased by Ni,Cr,Mo,Al and S. The effects of alloying elements on the activity coefficient of hydrogen has been determined as follows:
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  • 三好 栄次, 数井 良一
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 581-584
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Phase changes at elevated temperature in 18-8 stainless steel stabilized by titanium were observed through their precipitates. The extracted carbides were analysed under an electron microscope. The precipitates were morphologically classifed and their constituents were analysed by selected-area electron-diffraction. The mode of their precipitation in steel was certified and the relation between heat treatment and the precipitates was studied. The test pieces were heat-treated under the conditions covering the temperature range from 650 to 1200°C and the heating time range from 30 second to 567 hours after solution treatment at 1300°C for one hour. As the results, three courses of precipitation were concluded, that is, the one was on the grain boundary; the second was in the grain and the third was on the twin boundary. It was shown that since a particular carbide was observed after each heat treatment, the metallographical characteristics of 321 type stainless steel were specified by the kinds of carbides.
  • 小山 昌重
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 584-588
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Investigation on substructures in single crystals grown from molten tin was carried out by a very thin bent-quartz monochromater of the transmission type. Some of the streaks of the banding structure, which had been found microscopically, were also observed as defects by this technique in the specimens grown at slow speeds by using zone-refined high-purity tin. The X-ray reflection line from the portion of the specimen which solidified at the later stage was the sharpest and the most linear in shape and the one from the portion which solidified at the earlier stage was broader than the others and broken at several points. The marrowest width of the reflection lines from the specimen with the growing speed of 0.05 mm/min and the temperature gradient of 13/cm was about 30 sec of arc. The width of the reflection line broadened with increasing speed of growth.
  • 後藤 秀弘, 武山 主郎
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 588-592
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The micro-amount of boron in iron and steel was determined rapidly by a solvent extraction method. The sample was dissolved with sulfuric acid and hydrogen-peroxide in a soft-glass test tube. After boiling out the excess hydrogen peroxide by gentle heating, the solution was filtered through filter paper into a polyethylen separating funnel. Hydrofluoric acid was added and then allowed to stand for an hour at room temperature. Then methylene blue solution was added, the solution was extracted with dichloroethane, and the soluble boron was determined by measuring the absorbance of organic layer at 660 mμ against dichloroethane. The residue on the filter paper was ashed and fused with anhydrous sodium carbonate in a platinum crucible. The content was dissolved with sulfuric acid,transfered into a polyethlene separating funnel, and spectrophotometric determination of insoluble boron was carried out with the same procedure as in the case of the soluble boron after addition of hydrofluoric acid. Other common constituents contained in iron and steel did not interfere. The time required for this method was two hours.
  • 阿部 敏雄
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 593-597
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    A new design theory for zone-transport continuous refiner invented by W.G. Pfann has been obtained. According to Pfann’s theory, the purification ratio for stripping section, β, is zero at Ls=∞, K=1, and β has negative value at Ls>>1, K>1, where Ls is the length of stripping section, K is the distribution coefficient of impurity. Such results seem to be unreasonable. Under some suitable assumptions, the author has proposed different equations which show reaso nable results even in the above cases.
  • 菅野 昌義
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 597-601
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The high-temperature tensile strength of various kinds of tungsten and molybdenum wires was measured at the temperature between 1,000∼3,000°K in vacuum. The apparatus consisted of a hard glass vacuum vessel, an iron weight floated in mercury and two supporting electrodes for heating specimens by electric resistance. At the results of measurements on 0.05 mm diameter wires, the high-temperature tensile strength of non-sag tungsten wires decreased when the holding time at the testing temperature was lengthened from one to ten minutes, up to 1800°K. Above this temperature, these tensile strengths had equal values.But fully recrystallized wires had lower values. Upon comparison of high-temperature strength of various kinds of tungsten, thoriated tungsten had the largest value, non-sag tungsten was next and pure tungsten had the smallest. These results were discussed and illustrated by their microscopic structures.
  • 杉本 孝一, 茨木 正雄
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 602-606
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The strain-amplitude dependence of internal friction was measured at room-temperature in an electrolytic iron, a magnetic soft iron, commercial low-carbon steels, a eutectoid steel and a 3%Si-Fe alloy, which were all annealed at 950°C for 2 hours in vacuo. The factors that had perceptible effects on the room-temperature internal friction were given and biscussed, and the origin of the room-temperature internal friction was also discussed. The measurements of in internal friction were carried out by a transverse vibration method excited and detected electro-magnetically at about 1.5 kc/sec. The strain-amplitudes were varied within the range of abut 1×10−8∼1×10−4. The amplitude-dependent internal friction was observed for strain-amplitudes higher than 1×10−6 (electrolytic iron and eutectoid steel) and 1×10−7(all other specimens). The magnitude of the amplitude-dependent internal friction was considerablly decreased when internal streses due to plastic deformation or quenching existed. It was also decreased when the specimens had either a higher concentration of carbon or nitrogen in solution satisfied the Granato-Lücke plot in a limited range of strain-amplitudes. The principal cause of this amplitude-dependent internal friction, however, is considered to be the magneto-mechanical hysteresis loss, because dislocations in annealed iron and steel with relatively low purity, as in this experiment, are supposed to be bound by carbon or nitrogen atoms so tightly that the dislocations cannot easily break away from the pinning points. The amplitude-independent part was very low (Q−1=5×10−5∼8×10−5) and it may be caused by the background damping due to the tail of the Snoek peak, the thermo-elastic effect and many other sources.
  • 遠山 正俊
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 607-610
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus and rigidity modulus were determined with the alloys of 36%Ni, 10%Cr and the rest of iron, that is Elinvar, with added C from 0.16% to 0.5%. And it was found that an increase in C content of 0.1% resulted in a rise of temperature coefficients of those modulus of 1.3×10−5 and of 2.5×10−5 respectively; that is, the effect of the change of C content on those temperature coefficient was larger than in the case of change of Ni or Cr content. Considering that the chemical affinity of C atom to Cr atom is greater than to Fe or Ni atoms, it could be concluded that C atom combined with Cr atom, resulting in the change of the temperature coefficients.
  • 森田 茂
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. 610-614
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of cold-working on the stress corrosion cracking sensitivity of five austenitic stainless steels in boiling 42%MgCl2 solution was studied using beam type specimens. On 18-8, 18-8Nb and 25-20, the apparent threshold stress, below which any crack did not appear in the specimen within the maximum period of experiment,rose with the cold-reduction. Of these steels, 18-8 and 18-8Nb were partially transformed from austenite to ferrite by cold-rolling, and this ferritic phase was preferentially attacked in the solution. As to 25-20, the annealed austenitic structure was still stable after cold-rolling. All these three steels, however, suffered from general corrosion in their hardened state. But in the other two steels, 18-12Mo and 18-20MoCu, both of which contain Mo, the apparent thereshold stress scarecely rose with cold-reduction. In these two steels, the general corrosion rate in the solution was very low even in their hardened condition.
  • 佐藤 知雄
    1961 年 25 巻 9 号 p. M1-M16
    発行日: 1961年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this lecture is to survey the post-war development of special steels. Special steels are usually melted in an electrical furnace, which has a tendency to become larger and larger in its scale. In the United States the furnace with a capacity of 200 tons is used widely. In Japan also, a furnace with a similar capacity will be constructed in 1961.
    In recent years the method has been developed to melt high grade special steel in vacuum; the Consel arc-melting method, in particular, has a prospect to be advanced greatly in the future.
    The demand for free cutting steels has increased as a result of using high-speed machine tools, and the study of lead-containing steel has been developed. The remarkable progress of the electric welding method has made it possible to construct buildings,bridges and ships etc. by welding, and various kinds of high-ten steels with high yielding strength have been developed in many countries.
    As to the steels for low temperature use, the study has been advanced on steels with low transition temperature. New discoveries have also been made in the field of tool steels, such as high-C high-V high-speed steel, die steel, casting tool, and hobbing steel. The kind, the amount, and the nature of carbides contained in these steels are made clear by academic studies.
    The demand for stainless steels has been increasing, and for different uses, different types of stainless steeles are being developed: age-hardening type with high strength, high-C high-Cr type for tools, and high-grade type for chemical industry. For use in an atomic reactor, studies have begun on a special stainless steel with a small absorption cross-section of neutron and the work is progressing successfully.
    There is also a progress in the study of heat-resisting metallic materials: steels for turbine blades, high-pressure boilers and engine valves, and alloys with high-temperature heat-resistance for gas turbines.
    Finally, the lecture refers to the new development in the case hardening of steels.
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