In order to investigate the plastic properties of metals at strain rates from 10
2 up to 10
4 sec
−1, an apparatus for impulsive loading has been built by the Hopkinson pressure bar type technique. In this method, a cylindrical specimen is inserted between two long, thin elastic bars and compressed rapidly by transmitting a rectangular stress pulse generated by the impact of a bar. Stress-time relations at both ends of the specimen are recorded by means of strain gauges mounted on the elastic bars near the specimen. The records are analysed and the dynamic stress-strain relations for metals are obtained.
Results obtained from some preliminary experiments are as follows:
(1) A compressive stress pulse of a rectangular form with little disturbance at its head is realized by rounding the impact bar head.
(2) The change in the wave form of such a pulse is negligibly small during its propagation through an elastic bar.
(3) A preliminary experiment using high-purity aluminium specimens, polycrystalline and annealed, shows that stresses at both ends of a specimen closely coincide with each other during the deformation except for a period of about 30 μsec after its onset. Therefore, excluding the initial short period, it is meaningful to discuss stress and strain relations in the specimen according to this method of analysis.
(4) For the initial period of deformation mentioned above, the result of analysis shows some difference between the two stresses at both ends of the specimen. It is explained that this difference is mainly due to the effect of reflection of the incident pulse head at the end of the loading bar.
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