巻号一覧
34 巻, 11 号
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佐藤 充典, 土方 政行, 森本 一郎1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1067-1074
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe mutual relationship between the static welding behavior and physical characteristics of contact materials has been obtained with an X-Y recorder and an oscilloscope for various metals and alloys.
Light welding or sticking occurs at the softening temperature of the material in the contact area, and heavy welding occurs at its melting temperature. The temperature of the contact area which has influence on the welding behavior is correlated to the current density in the contact area. The I⁄d is given by
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
where I is the contact current, d is the diameter of the circular contact area, T is the maximum temperature in the contact area, Tr is room temperature, ρr is the electrical resistivity at room temperature, α is the temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity, and L is the Wiedemann-Franz constant and is equal to 2.45×10−8 (V/deg)2.
The higher the melting temperature or the larger the temperature coefficient of electrical resistivity of the contact material, the more hardly the contact area can attain its melting state.
It is considered that the stationary melting state cannot exist in the static contact area.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3466K) -
北田 正弘, 土井 俊雄1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1075-1081
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーApplied magnetic field (H)-critical current density (Jc) characteristics of rolled Nb-60Ti-5Zr sheets aged at 300°∼500°C were measured at 4.2°K in order to examine the anisotropic effect. The results are as follows:
(1) The most suitable heat treatment to increase the magnitude of Jc of the sheets is ageing at 300° or 350°C for at least about 500 or 100 hr, respectively. For the sheets aged at 350°C for 125 hr, the critical current densities Jc(\varparallel) and Jc(⊥), which correspond to the rolled planes parallel and perpendicular to the direction of an applied magnetic field, are determined as 1.1×105 and 5.8×104 A/cm2 at 70 kOe and 3.7×104 and 1.8×104 A/cm2 at 90 kOe, respectively.
(2) In case of ageing at 400°∼500°C, the anisotropic effect of H-Jc characteristics (the ratio of Jc(\varparallel) to Jc(⊥)) increases with increasing ageing temperature.
(3) The peak effect is observed in the H-Jc(⊥) characteristics of the sheets and depends upon the ageing temperature and time, while it is not shown in the H-Jc(\varparallel) characteristics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2555K) -
北田 正弘, 土井 俊雄1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1082-1086
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe applied magnetic field vs critical current density, the superconducting transition temperatures and the microstructures of Nb-Zr-Ti-(V, Ta or Mo) alloys have been investigated. V, Mo and Ta added as the fourth elements have BCC structures and are all superconducting. It is presumed that each metal dissolved in the Nb-40Zr-10Ti base alloy is of the substitutional type. The results are as follows: From microstructural observation, the solubilities of V, Ta and Mo are about 5, 5 and 2% in the base alloy, respectively. When the V, Mo or Ta contents are larger than the above values, precipitation occurs and cold working of the alloys becomes more difficult than the base alloy. The critical current densities of Nb-Zr-Ti-(V or Mo) alloys are smaller than that of the base alloy, and the critical current densities of Nb-Zr-Ti-Ta alloys are nearly equal to that of the base alloy. Superconducting transition temperatures of the three alloys containing 5%V, 5%Ta and 5%Mo are 6.7°, 8.4° and 6.3°K, respectively, which are lower than that (9.3°K) of the base alloy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1818K) -
中江 仁, 岡田 亜紀良1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1086-1092
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe formation process of (110)[001] recrystallization texture, i.e. Goss texture, in a cold rolled Fe-3%Si alloy sheet was studied by electron and optical microscopic observations.
In the cold rolled state, the (110)[001] component was found as a very weak volume element in the (111)[1\bar21] matrix. In the early stages of recrystallization where the recrystallized grains occupied a small fraction of the whole volume of the specimen, (110)[001] grains appeared first and then grew into (111)[1\bar21] deformed crystals, resulting in forming colonies of grains with Goss orientation. The (111)[1\bar21] component was scarcely found as a recrystallized grain.
The fact that the process was limited within the above matrix region is very similar to that of the cube texture observed in fcc metals.
Then, the (110)[001] grains coarsened without any remarkable increase of the component in number before consuming the matrix grains of other than the (111)[1\bar21] orientation. During the process, the (110)[001] grains were supposed to compete each other in a colony.
The development of Goss texture might be interpreted by the configuration and distribution of the (110)[001] component in the cold rolled state together with the impurity effect on grain growth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3085K) -
依田 連平, 板垣 孟彦, 浜田 健雄1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1092-1097
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーTungsten-Rhenium alloys in general continue to attract much attention because of their favorable ductility characteristics. In the present study some properties of 0.5 mmφ wires of doped tungsten containing 0∼26%Re prepared by powder metallurgy process have been investigated. Both the hardness and the tensile strength of wrought or annealed specimens increase with increasing rhenium content. The elongation of the wrought specimens of both dopod tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys is smaller than 4%. However, with increasing annealing temperature, the elongation of dopod tungsten further decreases and that of tungsten-rhenium alloys increases markedly. The elongation of annealed tungsten-rhenium alloys becomes higher with decreasing rhenium content, and the annealing temperature shifts to the higher temperature side. The recrystallization temperature of doped tungsten increases markedly with 3%Re addition, but it decreases with the addition of more than 3% rhenium. The high temperature tensile strength at 1100°∼1600°C is the highest for 10∼20%Re alloys, but that at 2000°C does not show any large difference between doped tungsten and tungsten-rhenium alloys. The bending transition temperature decreases markedly with the addition up to 10%Re, but the temperature becomes almost constant above its rhenium content. The e.m.f. of a tungsten/tungsten-26 rhenium thermocouple is higher than that of a platinum/platinum-10 rhodium thermocouple, and increases lineally with increasing temperature from about 300° to 2200°C. At temperatures above 2200°C, however, the e.m.f. of the tungsten/tungsten-26 rhenium thermocouple decreases gradually with heating time. Hence, it is desirable that the couple be used in the temperature range below 2200°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1678K) -
川口 寅之輔, 山元 洋, 高田 新三1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1097-1102
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーStudies on magnetic properties of intermetallic compounds of 3d-transition elements and metals of the rare-earth (R) have been carried out by many workers. Especially, RCo5 of these compounds have been investigated as a new fine particle permanent magnet, in view of its large magnetocrystalline anisotropy. Recently cast magnets of the RCo5-RCu5 system become a subject of ever increasing attention. The present experiment has been carried out to investigate the effect of composition and heat-treatment on magnetic properties of cast (Ce-MM)-Cu-Co ternary alloys. The specimens are made by melting the above ternary alloys with the induction furnace filled with argon gas, and then, cast into the metal or shell mould. These cast samples are heat-treated in the temperature range from 200° to 1220°C.
The results are summarized in the following: (1) In the ternary alloys of (Ce-MM)CuxCo4−x, (Ce-MM)CuxCo4.5−x, and (Ce-MM)CuxCo5−x, the best magnetic properties are obtained in the composition range from x=0.6 to x=1.0. (2) The magnetic properties of these alloys be improved remarkably by the heat-treatment at higher temperature such as 1180°C. (3) The magnetic properties of a typical sample are as follows: 4πI10000=5650(G), 4πIr=5450(G), IHC=2450(Oe), BHC=1950(Oe), (B·H)max=3.7(MG·Oe).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2090K) -
大石 敏雄, 永幡 勉, 森山 徐一郎1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1103-1107
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーUsing the oxygen concentration cell,
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
the activities of oxygen in dilute binary copper alloys containing tin and nickel were determined in the temperature range of 1100°∼1200°C.
From these experimental results, it was found that the activities of oxygen in liquid copper were decreased by the addition of both tin and nickel, and the depressions became more pronounced by the addition of nickel than that of tin.
The interaction parameters ε0(Sn) and ε0(Ni) were calculated as follows:
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清水 謙一, 三上 泰治, 三谷 裕康, 大塚 和弘1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1108-1115
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn order to make clear the precipitation processes in Cu-Be alloy, the structural changes upon ageing of the 2 wt%Be alloy were examined in detail through an electron microscope in particular with the use of the selected-area electron diffraction technique.
The change of electron diffraction patterns with increasing ageing time or temperature was as follows. In the earliest stage the long streaks appeared in the ⟨001⟩ directions due to the formation of G.P. zones. Upon prolonged ageing the streaks became shorter and intensity maxima appeared at about 2/3 of {002}α reciprocal lattice vectors. This stage is distinct from the G.P. zones and may be designated as the γ″ phase. The structure of γ″ is considered to be body-centered tetragonal, Cu atom being at the corner and Be atom at the body-center, and is different from that proposed by Geisler. Ageing at higher temperatures caused another superlattice reflection (CuAu (I) type, γ′) to appear and 2/3 reflections mentioned above to split. This splitting corresponded to the formation of the γ phase. From these observations, it has been concluded that the ageing sequence in this alloy is α→G.P. zone→γ″→γ′→γ.
The structure of the final precipitate γ was identified to be the same as that of the equilibrium phase with the lattice constant 2.71 Å. Then the new orientation relationship between the γ and α has been proposed, such that
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
Among several orientation relationships reported so far, only this one was consistent with our experimental results. In spite of the identity in structure, the final precipitates γ were associated with strain contrast around themselves, in contrast to the equilibrium phase. This fact suggests that the transformation γ′ to γ might be martensitic in the nucleation stage. The mechanism of transformation γ′ to γ is discussed along this line and from the view point of coherency.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2763K) -
吉岡 正三, 目良 光男, 森井 賢二1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1115-1122
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the strain rate dependence of the stability of the {211}⟨\bar111⟩ orientation which is a second component of pure metal type rolling textures in fcc metals, the copper single crystals with the initial orientation (211)[\bar111] were rolled at room temperature at the rolling rates of 0.1 m/min and 100 m/min, which correspond to the strain rates of 10−1/sec and 102/sec respectively. The orientation changes during rolling were determined by the reflection electron diffraction method and the deformation substructures were observed by the transmission electron microscope. The results obtained are summarized as follows,
(1) The stability of the (211)[\bar111] orientation during rolling depended on the strain rate.
(2) At the low strain rate (10−1/sec), the initial (211)[\bar111] orientation was maintained until over 98% reduction.
(3) At the high strain rate (102/sec), there were two different cases. First, the deviation from initial orientation to (513)[\bar121] was observed at about 30∼50% reduction. Secondly, the initial orientation was retained accompanying twinning deformation, and the (211)[\bar111]+(011)[100] orientations were developed at about 98% reduction.
It may be concluded that these results are closely connected with the dynamical recovery due to the cross slip of screw dislocations and with the dynamic effects of the strain rate during rolling deformation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2885K) -
吉岡 正三, 目良 光男, 助台 栄一1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1122-1127
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIndentation on Cu(001) surface was formed with a conical indentor and studied by observations of slip trace distribution and of dislocation distribution on the top-surface, (001) sections at various depths and (11\bar1) cross-sections at various distances from the indentation center by the etch pit method. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) Dislocation clustering zones were observed and their three dimensional configuration was revealed.
(2) The operated slip planes observed in the specimen were of two kinds; one the convergent plane in the central-axis side below fork-like dislocation clustering zones and the other divergent plane above them. And the fork-like dislocation clustering zones seem to be formed by the interaction of dislocations on these two kinds of slip planes.
(3) The identification of the operated slip planes obtained here does not agree with L. D. Dyer’s result on ball. This may be due to the shape of the conical indentor used in this experiment (spherical apex+conical side).
Also, a new etchant for the Cu(001) surface was found, and a one-to-one correspondence between dislocations and etch pits, which were revealed by the new etchant, was approximately established. This etchant was found capable of producing satisfactory results only when the crystal surfaces were less than about 3 degrees off the (001) plane.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2986K) -
嶋影 和宜, 江島 辰彦, 森岡 進1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1128-1135
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーBy the use of synthetic nickelferrite, nickelaluminate, nickelsilicate and their mixed salts, the relation between the fractional reduction of the sample and the extraction of nickel in a NH3-(NH4)2SO4 solution have been examined under the condition of pressure leaching. A wet process was adopted for the syntheses of nickelferrite, nickelaluminate, nickelsilicate and their mixed salts. Purified carbon monoxide and hydrogen were used as the reducing gases. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) The reduction of nickelferrite with carbon monoxide gradually proceeds with increasing time of reduction. On the other hand, the reduction of nickelaluminate and nickelsilicate rapidly proceeds with increasing time of reduction at an early stage of reduction.
(2) The fractional reduction of the sample synthesized is effect mainly with the reduction temperature rather than the gaseous composition, the time of reduction and the flow rate of reducing gas.
(3) Nickelferrite, nickelaluminate and nickelsilicate do not dissolve in the NH3-(NH4)2SO4 solution under the condition of pressure leaching.
(4) Nickel in nickelferrite is selectively reduced during the roasting. On the contrary, nickel in nickelaluminate, nickelsilicate and their mixed salts are not selectively reduced during the roasting. Then, the extraction percentage of nickel after the roasting is in the order of nickelferrite>nickel-aluminate>nickelsilicate.
(5) Under the condition of ammonia pressure leaching, it is required for efficient extraction of nickel that each compound synthesized should be fully reduced during the roasting.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2550K) -
西田 義則1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1135-1139
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe influence of the contact heat resistance at the mold-ingot interface on the solidification of ingots is discussed. The numerical values of the heat resistance are calculated using the solution which is obtained when the heat through the interface is given. The solidified layers and the temperature distributions are presented in the cases of practical variations of the heat resistance.
For the case of pure aluminium as an ingot and cast iron as a mold, the growth of the solidified layers with respect to time are given in Fig. 2, Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, when the heat resistance varies with time as in Fig. 1, Fig. 4 and Fig. 7 respectively. In Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and Fig. 9 are shown the temperature distributions when the heat resistances are approximately constant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1226K) -
池田 清一, 大橋 重雄, 伊藤 伍郎1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1140-1144
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe oxidation resistance of Fe-Al-Cr alloys containing 1∼3% zirconium in carbon dioxide at temperatures of 600°∼900°C under a pressure of 10 kg/cm2 and mechanical properties of their alloys were studied.
The results were summarized as follows:
(1) The oxidation resistance of Fe-Al-Cr alloys decreased with increase in zirconium content. The oxidation was remarkable especially for the alloys containing 3% zirconium at the testing temperatures of 600° and 700°C.
(2) This violent oxidation phenomenon is attributed to the precipitation of Zr and Cr carbide and internal oxidation of aluminium in the alloys due to carburization from carbon dioxide.
(3) The ductility of the alloy was improved by the addition of zirconium.
(4) The ductility and tensile strength of the tested alloys were highest when they were water quenched from 800°C.
(5) The high temperature creep strength of the alloys were improved with increasing zirconium content.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1628K) -
渡辺 慈朗, 山本 美喜雄, 為藤 尚, 加藤 孝治1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1144-1150
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリー“Light-Figure Microscope” has been newly devised for determining orientations of crystal grains of microscopic size rapidly, accurately and perfectly. The microscope consists of two main parts: one is an optical system which produces a clear-cut light figure in the viewing field of the microscope, and the other a goniometric mechanism which measures the orientation angles. Full accounts are given of the construction of microscope, the principle, procedure and accuracy of the orientation determination with actual examples. It can be applid to crystal grains having the smallest diameter of 15∼25μ as well as to large single crystals with an accuracy well within ±0.2°∼0.5°. It can also serve as an usual metallurgical microscope.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2354K) -
佐々木 稔, 卯月 淑夫, 川瀬 平久1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1151-1155
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAnalytical samples of thirty five sorts of iron ore were prepared by dry and wet crushing methods. Abnormal large values in the analysis of iron were obtained in the following cases: (a) Hematite in the analytical sample made from microcrystalline hematite ore was concentrated in size of below two microns fraction. (b) Goethite in weathered iron ore was preferentially pulverized to the size of below about 0.5 micron. (c) Hard and large crystalline quartz accompanied with iron ore, being not finely pulverized, was gathered in the range of coarse particle of the sample. While, the small value of iron was obtained in the analysis of hard and coarse grained magnetite ore. The occurrence of the abnormal value was considered due to discrepancies in size distributions of powder particles of constituent minerals.
Simillar tendencies were also shown in the analysis of fine powder samples prepared by a wet crushing method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1976K) -
渡辺 久藤, 佐藤 英一郎, 河野 紀雄, 高松 宏1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1156-1162
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe Zn-25%Mn-15%Cu alloy is one of the cast zinc alloys which have high tensile strength, endurance to abrasion and corrosion resistance. But the hardness and brittleness of this alloy increases remarkably when the alloy is heated for a long time in the range of comparative low temperatures, i.e. 150°∼200°C. So the authors have investigated phase changes on several ternary Zn-Mn-Cu alloys and binary Zn-Mn alloys in order to clarify the cause of being hard and brittle. Te results obtained are as follows:
(1) Precipitation of a new phase “B” takes place from grain boundaries in the ternary alloys which have been brittle-hardened after heating at low temperature. This phase is the intermediate one whose structure is fcc and lattice parameter is 7.16 Å.
(2) As the eutectoid reaction of the binary Zn-Mn alloy proceeds very slowly, the phase which must be stable only at higher temperatures is carried to room temperature under such a slow cooling rate as 5°C per hour. Then, heating the alloy at about 200°C results in formation of an intermediate phase during the process of the eutectoid reaction. The intermediate phase is identical to the B phase which will cause brittle-hardening of the ternary alloy.
(3) The precipitated part of the intermediate phase is harder than that of the binary one because of the coexistence of the γCu phase which had been precipitated from the highly Cu-concentrated phase retained in this part.
(4) The phase changes of the Zn-25%Mn-15%Cu alloy through tempering at 300°C are indicated in the following equation:
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大坂 敏明, 中山 忠行1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1163-1168
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーNiobium samples were heated in an 18-8 stainless steel autoclave filled with deionized water and water vapour. After heating, the oxide films were identified by means of reflection and transmission electron diffraction, and then component elements in the thin films were detected by using an electron probe micro-analyzer.
The main results obtained are as follows:
(1) The film formed on Nb in deaerated high-temperature water by oxidation at 300°C for 1 hr was composed of the rutile-type crystal alone. In addition, the presence of Fe and Nb were detected by means of the X-ray micro-analysis of the film, indicating that the film was composed of (Fe,Nb)O2. However, the oxide film produced by oxidation for 24 hr, gave a diffraction pattern corresponding to the pseudo-hexagonal δ-phase.
(2) The oxide films on Nb in deaerated high-temperature water vapour and in a pyrex glass tube together with deionized water at 300°C for 1 hr also consisted of a normal rutile-type oxide, and were thought to be NbO2. The unit cell dimensions for the above oxide were a0=4.75 Å, c0=3.09 Å, c0⁄a0=0.65. Further, after heating in deaerated water vapour for 24 hr, the electron diffractogram of the film indicated the presence of δ-phase.
(3) The film formed on Nb in aerated hight-temperature water by oxidation at 300°C for 1 hr or 24 hr was a hexagonal-type oxide; a0=5.84 Å, c0=4.69 Å, c0⁄a0=0.80. Characteristic spectra CrKα13 and NbLα11 were detected from the film, and Cr6+ ions were detected from water after oxidation. Therefore the Cr ions may contribute to the formation of the hexagonal-type oxide.
(4) After heating in aerated high-temperature water vapour at 300°C for 1 hr or 24 hr, the δ-phase was found on the Nb surface.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2022K) -
鈴木 朝夫1970 年 34 巻 11 号 p. 1168-1172
発行日: 1970年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of cold work and subsequent heat-treatment on temper brittleness was investigated using a commercial steel of SCr 1. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) After cold reduction the maximum absorbed energy of fracture was lowered. The severer cold reduction, the lower becomes the transition temperature. The transition temperature of the embrittled material was lowered more markedly than that of the unembritted one by cold reduction.
(2) The maximum energy of fracture and the transition temperature were improved by retempering after cold work. Without greatly affecting the prior conditions the impact transition curve was dependent on the degree of reduction and the final heat-treatment, i.e. slow cooling or rapid cooling. The transition temperature of the embrittled material followed by severe cold reduction approached that of the unembrittled material without cold reduction.
(3) Temper-embrittlement could be interpreted in terms of grain boundary segregation of phosphorus, i.e. the formation of an atomosphere or a cluster, which was easily broken up by the cold deformation. It was concluded that the embrittled treatment after cold work was to cause a redistribution of solute atom to the site of many imperfections in the grain created by plastic deformation. Then the grain boundary segregation making the steel more brittle was decreased.
(4) Because the transition temperature of the unembrittled material was lowered by cold reduction and subsequent heat treatment, it seemed likely that the segregation at grain boundary occurred slightly during holding at the temperature 650°C or cooling into water. This showed that the water-cooled material was not the best condition for impact toughness.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1690K)
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