日本金属学会誌
Online ISSN : 1880-6880
Print ISSN : 0021-4876
ISSN-L : 0021-4876
34 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1~22を表示しています
  • 北田 正弘, 土井 俊雄
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 361-365
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The behavior of the discontinuous precipitation of solution-treated Nb-40Zr-10Ti alloy was investigated by means of optical and electron microscopy and hardness measurements.
    The results are as follows:
    (1) Several types of discontinuous precipitation are observed morphologically.
    (2) The ⟨1\bar10⟩ direction of β′ is nearly parallel to the ⟨1\bar10⟩ direction of the β″ phase.
    (3) The rate of the β→β′+β″ reaction (lamellar type) of the specimen aged at 620° to 800°C decreases with increasing ageing temperature.
    (4) The interlamellar spacing of the β′+β″ structure aged at 620° to 825°C increases linearly with the ageing temperature.
    (5) The hardness (HMV) in the discontinuous precipitated region (about 200) is lower than that of the continuous precipitated region (maximum: 350).
  • 北田 正弘, 土井 俊雄
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 365-369
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Discontinuous precipitation of a cold-worked Nb-40Zr-10Ti alloy was investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy, and the other properties related to the discontinuous precipitation were also examined.
    The results are as follows:
    (1) Discontinuous precipitation occurs in the cold-worked specimen. The ⟨1\bar10⟩ direction of the β′ phase is nearly parallel to the ⟨1\bar10⟩ direction of the β″ phase.
    (2) The β′+β″ interlamellar spacing in the cold-worked specimen is about 1/10 (0.1 to 0.2 μ, ageing at 700°C) of the solution-treated one.
    (3) Discontinuous precipitation occurs initially at dislocation sites.
    (4) The β′+β″ fine lamella in the cold-worked specimen spheroidizes and then coarses to a stable size.
    (5) The relationship between the crystal orientations of the β phase and the coarsed β′+β″ phase is the same as in the case of the lamellar structure.
    (6) On the critical current vs ageing time curve, two peaks were observed. On the hardness vs ageing time curve, however only one peak was observed, and this peak corresponds to the first peak of the critical current.
  • 北田 正弘, 土井 俊雄
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 369-374
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The precipitation process of the Nb-40Zr-10Ti alloy aged at 400° to 500°C was investigated by means of hardness measurements, and optical and electron microscopy. The results were discussed in relation to superconducting properties such as the critical current density vs applied transverse magnetic field and the transition temperature. The results obtained were as follows:
    (1) In this alloy aged at about 500°C after a solution treatment, the β″ phase first precipitated continuously within β grains and then the α+β″ phases began discontinuously to precipitate in the grain boundary to expand into the region, in which the continuous precipitation had already occurred. The α+β″ lamella was a finally stable structure.
    (2) From the result of an EPMA test, the Nb content in the continuously precipitated region were found to be relatively lower than those of the discontinuously precipitated region.
    (3) The Vickers hardness in the α+β″ lamella was about 230, which corresponded to 3/5 of the hardness in the continuously precipitated region.
    (4) Both the continuous and discontinuous precipitations were promoted by cold working.
    (5) The critical current density increased with increasing ageing time. This result may be thought to be mainly due to the precipitation of the β″ phase.
    (6) The superconducting transition temperature increased with increasing ageing time.
  • 柳原 正, 小林 剛, 福田 豊, 米持 博隆
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 374-377
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    It has been reported about the results of the extraction of iron with HCl from Fayalite and its reduction product with hydrogen. In the later period of the extraction process with HCl from Fayalite, the diffraction patterns of the cubic spinel Fayalite-like structure have been observed.
    In the later period of the extraction process with H2SO4 and HClO4 the cubic Fayalite-like structure was also observed. The lattice constant of this structure was a little smaller than that of the spinel. It is thought that the mechanism of the extraction process of the iron from the orthorhombic Fayalite with H2SO4 and HClO4 is similar to the extraction process with HCl.
  • 小林 剛, 柳原 正
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 377-380
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    As soon as Fe++ extraction is started, the cubic structure formation can be detected in the residuals.
    Observing the lattice parameter change, the more progresses the acid treating of orthorhombic Fayalite, the larger the a value becomes. The lattice parameter of the cubic structure also becomes larger with the progressing of the acid treatment and finally reaches a value (8.228 Å) of a little smaller than that of the cubic Fayalite spinel (8.234 Å). The spinel was prepared with the high pressure-high temperature apparatus at the Institute for Solid State Physics, Tokyo Univ. In the X-ray diffraction line set of the cubic structure, it lacks (222) and (331) lines of the spinel.
    The cubic structure in the residues does not show any infra-red absorption.
    Varying the concentration of the Fayalite constituents (Fe, Fe2O3, SiO2), the quantity of the cubic structures after the acid treatment is compared. The maximum point to form the cubic structure is at the point of (Fe0.99O)2SiO2.
    To confirm the ionic state of Fe in the orthorhombic Fayalite and the cubic structure, the Mössbauer effect is observed. In the orthorhombic Fayalites spectrum, two peaks are observed. I.S. is 1.42 mm/sec and e.q.Q. is 2.87 mm/sec. It is concluded that in the orthorhombic Fayalite only Fe++ exists. In the cubic structure containing residues, three peaks are observed. I.S. of one pair is 1.42 mm/sec and e.q.Q. is 2.87 mm/sec. It is quite equal to the state of the orthorhombic Fayalite’s iron. In the other pair, I.S. is 1.06 mm/sec and e.q.Q. is 2.01 mm/sec. Fe++ in the other binding state is determined. Accordingly, in the cubic structure containing residues two states of Fe++ are confirmed.
  • 増本 量, 村上 雄悦, 比内 正勝
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 380-384
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Masumoto et al. previously discovered that alloys near the composition of Ni3Mn exhibit high permeability by optimum heat treatments, and named them “Nimalloy”. Subsequent studies of the authors on various element additions on the properties of Ni-Mn alloys have revealed that the highest initial permeability of 76000 and the highest maximum permeability of 441000 can be obtained in Ni-Mn-Fe-Cr alloys.
    The results obtained by Co and Cu additions to Ni-Mn alloys show that the initial and maximum permeabilities of Ni-Mn alloys decrease rapidly with increasing Co content and gradually with increasing Cu content. In the case of Co additions, the alloy consisting of 77.70%Ni, 19.30%Mn and 3.00%Co shows the highest initial permeability of 2250, and the alloy of 81.25%Ni, 11.75%Mn and 7.00%Co exhibits the highest maximum permeability of 7700. In the case of Cu additions, the highest initial permeability of 5750 is obtained on the alloy consisting of 75.88%Ni, 20.30%Mn and 3.82%Cu, and the highest maximum permeability of 17600, on the alloy of 77.28%Ni, 20.95%Mn and 1.77%Cu.
  • 増本 量, 渡辺 清
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 385-388
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Magnetic properties of quenched β′ phase alloys in the Co-Al system have been investigated by means of magnetic measurements, X-ray diffraction and nuclear magnetic resonance. The β′ phase alloys, 10.56∼24.90%Al, quenched in water exhibited higher values in saturation magnetization than the slow-cooled alloys. Spin-echo signals in the quenched state of the β′ phase were observed in the three frequency ranges with peaks of 196 M, 207 M and 222 MHz at 77°K which were assumed to correspond to the states of 3d7-electron shells and the d-electron shells influenced by the valence electron of Al, respectively. Spin-echo signals in the slow-cooled state were observed in the two frequency ranges with peaks of 188 M and 210 MHz which may correspond to the d-electron shells influenced by the valence electron of Al, respectively.
    These results would lead to the conclusion that the larger saturation magnetization of the quenched β′ phase Co-Al alloys may be attributed to the existence of many pairs of Co atoms with 3d7 electron shells and atomic distances of 2.47∼2.48 Å.
  • 辛島 誠一, 及川 洪, 五十嵐 廉
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 389-393
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The flow stress of a polycrystalline molybdenum of commercial purity was determined in the temperature range 20° to 940°C, and the result was discussed in comparison with the dislocation structure obtained by transmission electron microscopy.
    The flow stress decreases markedly with a rise in temperature between 20° and 350°C. In this temperature range, except at 200°C, the work-hardening rate is almost independent of deformation temperature, while above 500°C it decreases as the temperature increases. The increase in the dislocation density is proportional to the strain in an early stage of deformation, but the rate of increase in the dislocation density becomes smaller at the strain where well-defined cell-structures are observed. The non-uniformity of the dislocation distribution increases as the deformation temperature rises between 20° and 500°C, but it is almost independent of strain once dislocation tanglings are formed. The increase in flow stress as the deformation proceeds is proportional to the square-root of dislocation density in a dislocation-concentrated region. The proportionality factor α′ is about 0.19 between 20° and 900°C, except at 200°C. The flow stress, dislocation density and the relation between the two show anomalous behaviours at temperatures near 200°C.
  • 平野 賢一, 永井 克
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 394-400
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The mechanism in which the equilibrium γ phase in Al-Ag alloy dissolves when heated rapidly and held at the dissolution temperature, has been studied by means of electrical resistivity measurement and high-temperature transmission electron microscopy.
    It was observed that, in contrast to the growth of the γ plate, the matrix (α phase) was bowed out into the γ plate. The distance by which the precipitate length was reduced was found to be proportional to the square root of the time. On the other hand, from the electrical resistivity measurement, it was shown that the observed dissolution kinetics followed the Johnson-Mehl equation with the time exponent n\simeq0.55∼0.70.
    The activation energy for the dissolution of the γ phase close to that for the interdiffusion was obtained. But the activation energy for the dissolution of the γ phase decreased with the Ag concentration.
  • 吉田 進, 小口 醇
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 401-406
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the stress-strain behaviour of high-purity aluminium polycrystals at room temperature have been investigated. A magnetostrictive load cell has been employed for measuring loads under hydrostatic pressure. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Pressurizing up to 15000 kg/cm2 has no effect on the flow stress of annealed polycrystals pulled at atmospheric pressure. (2) Tensile tests under constant hydrostatic pressures up to 12000 kg/cm2 show that the flow stress at a constant strain increases with increasing pressure. The rate of increase of the flow stress under a constant pressure as compared with that under atmospheric pressure increases with increasing strain and becomes constant above 15% strain. (3) The rate of increase of the flow stress under hydrostatic pressure as compared with that under atmospheric pressure for the same specimen by the differential pressure method is constant over the strains tested. It is a little larger than the rate of increase of rigidity of the material due to hydrostatic pressure. The surplus is explained by the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the vacancy formation and migration which accompany the motion of jogs on screw dislocations. (4) The amount of work hardening for a constant strain increases with increasing hydrostatic pressure. This phenomenon is explained by the decrease due to hydrostatic pressure of both dislocation mobility and the density of mobile dislocations. (5) A phenomenon that is similar to work-softening is observed for a specimen which is pulled under hydrostatic pressure, then unloaded and reloaded under atmospheric pressure.
  • 淀川 正進
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 407-412
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The reversion behaviors of the age-hardenable Fe-Ni-Mn alloys have been studied in relation to hardness, electrical resistivity and microstructure in order to solve the age hardening mechanism of these alloys. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows:
    (1) There are three causes for the decrease in hardness caused by heating at the temperatures above the aging temperature in the Fe-Ni-Mn martensitic alloys; overaging, austenite reversion and precipitate reversion.
    (2) In the Fe-Ni-Mn alloys, the almost perfect reversion is observed all over the age hardening stages, and this reversion shows that the zones are produced during aging. The reversion shows no effect on the re-age hardening behavior after reversion. The activation energy of reversion is estimated as 90∼120 kcal/mol, much greater than those of age and re-age hardening.
    (3) The aged alloy transforms into the γ phase after the zones dissolve into the matrix due to reversion.
  • 宮崎 亨, 矢島 悦次郎
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 413-417
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The present work deals with the yield strength and work hardening of Ag-Al2O3 alloys prepared by internal oxidation. The results obtained are as follows:
    (1) The measured values of yield strength of the alloys slowly cooled from the oxidation temperature support Orowan’s by-passing mechanism. While the yield strength of the alloys water quenched is higher than of the alloys slowly cooled. This increment of the strength may be due to interaction between a by-passing dislocation and the strain field in the matrix around the particles caused by the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the two phases.
    (2) Flow stresses of the alloys shear strained above 5% can be explained by the theory of secondary slip model, while below 2% shear strain the behaviors of the alloys tend to support the back stress theory of Fisher et al. This result supports Ashby’s proposition; flow stresses of the alloys containing dispersed hard particles should be explained by a back stress medel in a lower strain region and a secondary slip model in a higer strain region.
  • 丹治 雍典, 白川 勇記, 森谷 博
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 417-421
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The flexural and torsional resonance frequencies were measured with an electrostatic driving method in vacuum and a magnetic field of H=1200 Oe for the same specimens of Fe-Ni (fcc) alloys.
    The results obtained are as follows:
    (1) Young’s medulus, shear modulus and compressibility in a paramagnetic state, Ep, Gp and κp, were separated from the experimental values in a ferromagnetic state respectively. Ep, Gp and κp show anomalies; The former two show a maximum and the latter a minimum in the Invar region.
    The results may suggest that there exists an anomaly in the interatomic binding force of the Invar alloys.
    (2) In the Invar region, the temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus, (dEdT)⁄E, becomes the highest and the thermal expansion coefficient the lowest.
    (3) The Elinvar property (that is, (dEdT)⁄E=0) appears at 44%Ni.
  • 加藤 道友, 曽我部 卓三
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 422-427
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    High-purity aluminum bicrystal specimens having boundaries with an angle of 45 deg. to the tensile axis were prepared by the recrystallization method.
    During the creep test and the constant rate heating test in argon atomosphere at high temperatures under constant tensile load, grain boundary sliding and shear deformation near the boundary were observed in these specimens.
    The grain boundary sliding vs. time curve changes stepwise in the tensile creep tests. The grain boundary sliding was accompanied by crystal shear deformation near the boundary, and the observed grain boundary displacement had no relation with the boundary misorientation angle θ, but with the angle αA or αB between the crystal slip plane trace and the boundary trace at the observed plane of the bicrystal specimen. The contribution of grain boundary sliding to the deformation amount of the specimen became larger with the testing time at 300° and 350°C, and the maximum value was found to be about 36% at 400°C for 300 minutes. Grain boundary migration of the common boundary proceeded in the direction to release the strain energy of plastic deformation that occurred locally from the boundary irregulalities to the component crystals. The initial grain boundary displacement was proportional to heating temperature, and the obtained activation energy for the boundary sliding of the specimens with misorientation angles αAB of 18∼71 deg. was 11600∼26400 cal/mol, respectively.
  • 清水 敏治, 高橋 市朗, 鋸屋 正喜
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 428-432
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of the Cu content on the press formability as well as other machanical properties of 18-8 type stainless steels containing 0.06%C-16%Cr-7%Ni and 0.06%C-17%Cr-7%Ni were studied. The results are summarized as follows:
    (1) As the Cu content increases, both yield point and tensile strength decrease and show their minimum values at 3%Cu. However, no further change occurs beyond 3%Cu, while the total elongation rises with increase in Cu content, attains a maximum value at 2 or 3%Cu, and reversely decreases with a further increase in Cu content.
    (2) The work hardening coefficient (n-value) is lowered steeply with increase in Cu content up to 3% but gradually at more than 3%Cu. However, since the parabolic relationship between the true stress and the true strain is not applicable to some of the specimens even at a high strain level, it is not always suitable to evaluate the work hardenability from the n-value only.
    (3) The press formability evaluated by the conical cup value using either the flat headed punch or the rount headed punch is greatly improved with increase in Cu content, with a most favourable result at 2%Cu. But the increase in Cu content beyond 2% tends to deteriorate the press formability again, and at about 4%Cu the press formability of such low Cr, low Ni 18-8 type stainless steels results in the same degree as that of usual 18-8 type stainless steel, i.e. type 304.
    Thus changes in the conical cup value seem to be due to the difference in the shape of flow curves that depends on the Cu content.
  • 尾崎 良平, 小林 紘二郎, 森 和胤
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 433-441
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    The difference of mechanical properties between equiaxed and columnar structures were determined on Al (rich)-Si castings containing up to 11.7 wt% solute. In the columnar structure, the properties were determined in the directions parallel and perpendicular to that of solidification. The results obtained are as follows:
    (1) Microporocity is less contained in the unidirectionally solidified castings than in the usual castings cast in the sand mold. Microporocity increases with Si content but decreases again near the eutectic composition.
    (2) Yield and ultimate tensile strengths in the unidirectionally solidified specimens whose structures are made equiaxed by the addition of 0.15%Ti are higher than those for the specimens with a columnar structure solidified under the same condition, while for the equiaxed specimens cast in the sand mold the strengths were lowest. The strengths increase approximately linearly with Si content. The yield strength for the unidirectionally solidified specimens with a columnar structure cut parallel to the direction of solidification is nearly equal to that for the specimens cut perpendicular. While the ultimate strength for the specimens cut parallel is higher than that for the ones cut perpendicular within 2∼6%Si contents but nearly equal outside this range.
    (3) Except for the case of 0%Si content, the elongation was largest for the specimens with a columnar structure cut parallel to the direction of solidification for all Si contents and was lowest for the equiaxed specimens cast in the sand mold. The elongation for the specimen with a columnar structure cut perpendicular to the direction of solidification was larger than that for the equiaxed specimen with Ti up to 4%Si and was smaller for higher Si contents. In the case of 0%Si content, the elongation was largest for the columnar specimen with Ti.
  • 金子 秀夫, 本間 基文, 村林 頴樹
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 441-445
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Magnetic properties have been measured in Fe-7∼12%Mn-2%Ti-0∼7%Cu alloys annealed at 450°∼500°C after cold-swaging by 75% or 93%. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
    (1) The saturation induction of these alloys cold-swaged after solution treatment at 1000°C dicreases with increasing contents of Mn and Cu.
    (2) The coercive force of 70∼110 Oe, the residual induction of 14000∼14200 G and IrIs ratio of 0.90∼0.93 are obtained when the Fe-12%Mn-2%Ti-1%Cu alloy is annealed at 480°C after cold-swaging by 93%.
  • 金子 秀夫, 本間 基文, 村林 頴樹
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 445-451
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Magnetic properties in Fe-11∼14%Mn base alloys, containing 3%Ti, 3%Ti-1∼5%Cu, 3%Ti-2∼4%Cr and 3%Ti-3%Cu-2∼4%Cr, have been measured after water-quenching from 1100°C and annealing at 350°∼550°C. The structures have been observed by means of electron microscopy. The results obtained may be summarized as follows:
    (1) When the Fe-12∼13%Mn-3%Ti alloys are annealed at temperatures below 450°C, the coercive force of 50∼120 Oe and the residual induction of 8000∼10000 G are obtained. But the annealing has to be continued for more than 150 hr to obtain the coercive force of 100 Oe.
    (2) By the step annealing, the first annealing for 5∼12 hr at 400°C and the second for 1∼2 hr at 550°C, the coercive force of 50∼100 Oe and the residual induction of 8000∼9000 G are obtained in the Fe-12∼13%Mn-3%Ti alloys.
    (3) In the Fe-12%Mn-3%Ti-3%Cu-2%Cr alloy the coercive force of 50∼150 Oe and the residual induction of 8000∼9000 G are obtained by the step annealing.
    (4) Precipitates supposed to be the γ phase are observed in the annealed alloys. Most of the precipitates are spherical in the Fe-12%Mn-3%Ti-3%Cu-2%Cr alloy showing the optimum magnetic properties.
  • 五弓 勇雄, 鈴木 敬治郎, 猪野 信吾
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 452-456
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Much has been studied to improve the deep drawability of mild steel sheets and its industrial application enables to produce mild steel sheets of excellent deep-drawing qualities. It is well known that the drawability of mild steel sheets can be estimated by the plastic strain ratio, the r value, and the r value can be improved by texture control.
    The crystal structure of 18Cr-stainless steel sheets is bcc and the same as in the case of mild steel sheets. So, in this paper, the authors discussed if the drawability of 18Cr-stainless steel sheets is understood in a way similar to the case of mild steel sheets.
    Consequently, it is found that the preferred orientation of 18Cr-stainless steel sheets produced by the single process is {100}⟨011⟩, and therefore the drawability of these sheets is poor.
  • 藤井 忠行
    1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 456-459
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Magnetoresistive contribution to the residual resistivity of polycrystalline pure nickel produced by floating zone melting, having the electrical resistivity ratios RRR=ρ(295°K)⁄ρ0(4.2°K) from 301 to 1650, has been measured at 4.2°K in longitudinal magnetic fields up to 5 kOe.
    The quantitative difference occur between the resistivities of ρ (B=0, 4.2°K) extrapolated to B=0 and ρ0 (H=0, 4.2°K). The electrical resistivity measured at H=0 contains magnetoresistive contribution of the order of 15∼23.5% for RRR=301∼1650 and depends upon the concentration of impurities.
  • 1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 459a
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    PDFを参照. (誤)(Fig. 1参照)が,これによると著者の一人(1)によって発見 (正)(Fig. 1参照)が,これによると著者の一人によって発見 (脚注追加)増本:金属の研究,2 (1925), 877; Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Univ., 15 (1926), 449.
  • 1970 年 34 巻 4 号 p. 459b
    発行日: 1970年
    公開日: 2008/04/04
    ジャーナル フリー
    Please see pdf. Wrong:of elastic parameters S11S12−1/2S44 of Right:of elastic parameters S11 and S11S12−1/2S44 of
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