巻号一覧
35 巻, 3 号
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北田 正弘, 土井 俊雄1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 171-176
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーPrecipitates with unusual microstructure due to the transformation of the β to β′+β″ phases in grains for Nb-40Zr-10Ti alloy were investigated by means of optical microscopy, electron (replica) microscopy and EPMA.
In ageing isothermally at a temperature between 620° and 850°C after solution treatment, composite-type spherical precipitates were observed in grains, and had an unusual microstructure composed of a nucleus and the two surrounding crystals. The crystals were also composed of inner and outer shells. The inner shell was found to correspond to the Nb-rich phase β″, and the outer shell to the Zr-rich phase β′. The Nb-rich zone was observed in the matrix near the precipitates. In ageing at the lower temperature the microstructure was observed to change into more complicated structures than in ageing at higher temperature. The phase transformation due to the above-mentioned precipitation attained more than 70% of the whole phase change in the alloy aged at 750°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1806K) -
大庭 幸夫, 田村 良雄, 藤井 忠行1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 177-182
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーPure Tungsten single crystals with (110)[001] and (001)[110] orientations were grown by electron-beam zone-melting technique. And rolling deformation on their orientations was studied in the temperature range of room temperature to 200°C. The main experimental results obtained were as follows:
(1) The (001)[110] specimen showed a considerable ductility on rolling above 100°C, but the (110)[001] specimen was fractured in a brittle manner even at 200°C.
(2) An abnormal widening which was not observed in pure iron and 3%Si-Fe on rolling at room temperature was found in the (001)[110]specimen at 200°C.
(3) In the (110)[001] specimen a crystal is rotated about the [\={1}10] axis normal to the rolling drection on rolling. The degree of the crystal rotation to the rolling reduction was found to be small at least up to 50% rolling reduction as compared with the result of 3%Si-Fe.
The above phenomena are discussed in relation to the multiplication mechanism of dislocations at a relatively low temperature in tungsten crystals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2165K) -
白水 竜介, 三島 良績1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 183-189
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーWhen Cu-Be alloy is aged at low temperatures, the G.P.zone is formed at the early stage of ageing. At the early stage of high-temperature ageing, a streak maximum appears in electron diffraction pattern (We call this stage γ″). As ageing proceeds, the (100) reflection from an intermediate phase γ′ appears at the point corresponding to the (110) matrix reflection. The primary purpose of this experiment is to confirm whether complete reversion of meterstable γ″ and γ′ phase takes place as in the case of the G.P. zone. By means of hardness measurement and transmission electron microscopic observation, almost complete reversion was observed when the temperature was sufficiently raised. The temperature range T for the respective phases to be stable in Cu-1.79 wt%Be alloy is T<510°C for γ′, T<450°C for γ″ and T<400°C for the G.P.zone.
Next, the reversion temperature of γ″ as a function of Be % was examined and metastable phase boundary lines were determined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1857K) -
平 修二, 林 紘三郎, 浦川 信夫1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 189-196
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーResidual stresses induced in commercially pure aluminium specimens by uniaxial tensile deformation are determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The main results obtained are summarized as follows. The axial residual stresses measured by X-rays do not satisfy the macroscopic equilibrium condition over the cross section of a specimen. The magnitude and sense of the fictitious residual stress named “Base Line Stress” depend upon the crystallographic planes which are to be used to diffract the X-ray beam. The compressive base line stresses are obtained if measurements are made with respect to {400}, {331}, {420} and {511/333} planes. The largest compressive base line stress is obtained with respect to {400} planes, while the tensile base line stress is measured with respect to {222} planes.
The base line stress measured on a polycrystalline aluminium deformed in uniaxial tension is theoretically interpreted on the basis of Oyane’s theory concerning the plastic deformation of polycrystalline materials. The elastic anisotropy of the constituent crystals and the selective nature of the X-ray diffraction method are also taken into consideration. The relationship between the microscopic residual stress phenomenon and the residual lattice strain measured by X-rays is determined, and its analytical results can clearly elucidate the experimental ones.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2167K) -
平 修二, 林 紘三郎, 浦川 信夫1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 197-204
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーResidual stresses induced in commercially pure iron specimens by uniaxial tensile or compressive deformation are determined by the X-ray diffraction method. The main results obtained are as follows. The axial residual stress induced by tension is approximately in equilibrium over the cross section of a specimen if measured with respect to {211} diffraction planes. On the other hand, if measurements are made with respect to {220} planes, the residual stress distribution does not satisfy the macroscopic equilibrium giving a tensile “Base Line Stress”. A large compressive base line stress is obtained if measurements are made with respect to {310} planes. The residual stresses induced by uniaxial tension and those by compression are distributed nearly symmetrically over the cross section of a specimen.
In a previous paper, the base line stress measured on a polycrystalline aluminium was theoretically interpreted on the basis of the elastic and the plastic anisotropy of the constituent crystals and the selective nature of the X-ray diffraction method. In the present paper, residual lattice strains induced in a polycrystalline silicon iron specimen are first studied theoretically in a way similar to the case for a polycrystalline aluminium. On the basis of the results obtained for silicon iron, the theoretical analysis of α-iron which has three kinds of slip planes is carried out. As for the magnitude and the sign of the base line stress, there is good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental results on these polycrystalline metals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2100K) -
清水 謙一, 岡本 尚機1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 204-210
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーTransmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction studies were carried out in order to make clear the crystallographic property of strengthening precipitates in an 18%Ni maraging steel. The primary precipitate observed in the maximum hardness state was rod in shape, the size being about 25 Å in width and 500 Å in length. The length direction was parallel to the ⟨111⟩ of the matrix, and the crystal structure was identified as the orthorhombic Ni3Mo intermetallic compound. The orientation relationship between the Ni3Mo precipitate and the matrix was proposed to be (010)Ni3Mo\varparallel(011)α′, [100]Ni3Mo\varparallel[1\bar11]α′; that is, the closest packed plane and the direction of precipitates were parallel to those of the matrix, as observed in many other precipitation phenomena. When the ordering of atoms in the Ni3Mo crystal is disregarded, the relationship can be represented by Burgers relationship which is well known in the bcc to hcp phase transformation. The length direction ⟨111⟩ of the Ni3Mo precipitate was verified to be the [1\bar11]α′ involved in the above orientation relationship.
The interfacial coherency between the Ni3Mo precipitate and the matrix was examined referring to the orientation relationship and the length direction. The hexagonal Ni3Ti phase was also detected as the secondary precipitate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2015K) -
竹内 栄, 森田 善一郎, 飯田 孝道1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 211-217
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn order to understand the viscous phenomena of liquid metals exactly, a precise technique for viscosity measurement should be established. The capillary method which is based on Hagen-Poiseuille’s equation and is expected to be most theoretically established, was investigated from both experimental and theoretical standpoints. An improved viscosimeter with a device to detect the behavior of meniscus of the liquid specimen electrically from the change of capacitance of a condenser was contrived to enable us to measure the viscosities of liquid metals at elevated temperatures.
Viscosities of some substances were measured by use of this apparatus, and these results indicated that the viscosities of liquid metals and alloys could be precisely measured within the relative error of ±0.5% in the temperature range from their melting points to about 1200°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1680K) -
竹内 栄, 森田 善一郎, 飯田 孝道1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 218-223
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe viscosities of mercury and the Hg-In system have been determined by the capillary method. In pure mercury, the so-called “pre-freezing” phenomenon, which shows a considerably larger viscosity than that expected in ordinary exponential temperature dependence near the freezing point, has been observed. The phenomenon can be explained on the basis of formation of clusters in the liquid.
The viscosity measurement was also carried out on the liquid Hg-In system, which contains eutectics and intermetallic compounds. For this systems, the isothermal viscosities did not vary with composition in a linear manner. The viscosity-composition curves have inflection points at the Hg-35 at%In eutectic composition, and also have sharp maxima in ∂η⁄∂C at the Hg-50 at%In (HgIn) composition, where the compound is formed in the solid state. The data suggest that clusters presumably exist in the liquid at the composition of intermetallic compound (HgIn) and its vicinities.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1813K) -
馬越 佑吉, 山口 正治, 近藤 拓士, 美馬 源次郎1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 223-230
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーCopper wires of strong fiberous (Fe·Cr·Si) phases were fabricated by cold drawing chromium ferrite phases of two-phase Cu-20 Fe 40 Cr 2 Si and Cu-20 Fe 40 Cr 0.5 Si alloys and subsequently annealing at 480° or 720°C.
On annealing at 480°C in the vicinity of which the chromium ferrite phases have shown a marked age-hardening by the formation of a chromium-rich ferrite due to the occurrence of miscibility gap in the Fe-Cr system. Copper alloys containing nearly 20 vol% chromium ferrite indicated the strength up to 50 kg/mm2 with nearly 20% elongation and the strength further increased when cold drawn again. Therefore, copper alloys can be strengthened by the fiberous secondary solid solution in the case of cold drawing followed by annealing at 480°C.
When annealed at 720°C around which the transformation to the sigma phase in Cu-20 Fe 40 Cr 2 Si alloy occurred, the effect of fiber-reinforcement with (Fe·Cr·Si) phases was not significant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3232K) -
須藤 一, 山田 邦明1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 231-237
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain a fundamental knowledge for the study of austenitic heat resisting steels and superalloys, the strengthening factors affecting high temperature creep of nickel-chromium and nickel-wolfram alloys are discussed using Sherby’s equation: \dotεs=Aγ3.5(σ⁄E)5D, where \dotεs is the steady state creep rate, γ is the stacking fault energy, σ is the applied stress, E is Young’s modulus, D is a diffusion constant. First of all, the Sherby’s equation was ascertained for pure metals. It seems that the most important factor affecting the high temperature strength of nickel-chromium alloys is the decrease of stacking fault energy by the addition of chromium, and that of nickel-wolfram alloys is the decrease of stacking fault energy and of diffusion velocity by wolfram. The contributions of Young’s modulus and dislocation locking by solute were also estimated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2708K) -
須藤 一, 神保 龍太郎1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 237-243
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe fatigue fractured surfaces of iron specimens bearing TiN, TiC, Fe3C and several kinds of nonmetallic inclusions were observed by means of optical microscope and extraction replica electron microscope techniques. The results obtained are as follows: (1) Voids are formed around Fe-O type inclusions on the fractured surfaces. (2) The frequency of void-formation around inclusions is decreased by the addition of Mn, Si, Al and Ti. The frequency increases with matrix hardness and by cold working. (3) Around cementite particles, no voids are observed. (4) In the case of 3%Si alloys, the frequency of void-formation and the size of voids are almost independent of fatigue stress. (5) It appears that voids are nucleated around the intreface of inclusions towards which the main crack is approaching and are enlarged to be connected with the main crack.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1931K) -
阿部 秀夫, 戸叶 一正1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 243-250
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe fiber textures and the crystallographic shape of dendrite in ingots of zinc and Zn-1.5%Cd alloy solidified under various conditions have been investigated. The [0001] simple fiber texture developed near the chilled surface extends over the interior of ingot when the top surface of the melt is chilled. The dendrite observed in the equi-axed grain region is composed of (0001) hexagonal platelets weaved by ⟨10\bar10⟩ dendritic arms and a [0001] stem which connects these platelets.
The origin of the [0001] fiber texture near the chilled surface is discussed by considering that the three-dimensional growth of the crystal is achieved by the one-dimensional growth in the [0001] direction plus the two-dimensional growth in the three equivalent ⟨10\bar10⟩ directions contained in the (0001) plane.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1999K) -
渡辺 竜三, 増田 良道1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 251-256
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーQuantitative metallographic analysis has been made on the microstructures of carbonyl iron powder compacts sintered in hydrogen at 850°C. Various parameters for grain, grain boundary and two types of void, i.e. intersected by grain boundaries (void-A) and isolated within grains (void-B), were determined by making the lineal and areal analyses of metallographic plane sections. The increase in grain size and the decrease in grain boundary area as well as the decreases in number, volume percent and area of the free surface of void-A and of total void (void-A plus void-B) followed simple exponential time laws. However, isothermal curves for the number, volume percent and free surface of void-B showed a maximum value at a certain period of sintering. Spheroidization of voids and topological change in sintering structure are discussed on the basis of the experimental results obtained.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1788K) -
福島 英二, 岡本 晴道, 米満 博夫, 伏見 光造1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 257-260
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーWith the development of cryogenic equipments such as superconducting magnets in recent years, there has been an increased requirement for knowledge of mechanical properties of structural materials at cryogenic temperatures. Taking these circumstances into consideration, the authors designed and constructed an apparatus for tensile tests to perform in the temperature range from room temperature to −271°C. The apparatus consists of a universal testing machine,a cryostat, an automatic temperature controller, a supply system for the coolant (liquid helium), a recovery system for the helium gas and a vacuum system. Temperatures down to −269°C can be controlled by the power inputs both to the heater in the coolant and the heater wound around specimens. Temperatures below −269°C can be obtained by pumping the cryostat with a mechanical pump. The cryostat, the most important part of the apparatus, consists of a dewar and a testing device inserted into the dewar. Specimens are fastened between the lower ends of pull rods and the bottom plate of a cylinder. Padding of copper scraps was provided around the specimens to keep uniform temperature distribution in the specimen. After measuring the natural evaporation rate of liquid helium in the cryostat and examining uniformity of the temperature distribution in the specimens, actual tensile tests were performed at cryogenic temperatures with 18-8 stainless steel and copper specimens. Then the reproducibility of test results were studied. The variation in the values of ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were within ±6 kg/mm2 and those of elongation were within ±5%.
The work was performed as part of a national project and supported by the Agency of Industrial Science and Technology.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1722K) -
天野 嘉次, 香山 滉一郎1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 261-268
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe aging characteristics and the corrosion resistance of Cu-Be and Cu-Be(1%)-Sn(4.5%) alloys were studied. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) The transition temperature from the two-stage hardening to the high temperature age hardening of Cu-Be binary alloys increased with increasing Be content. (2) The ripples of Cu-Be alloys were observed especially clearer under the optical microscope on the process of both the two-stage hardening and the two-step aging. (3) The addition of Sn to Cu-Be(1%) binary alloy improved the age-hardenability. The transition temperature increased with increasing Sn content. (4) The addition of Fe, Co, Ni, Cr or Ti to Cu-Be(1%)-Sn(4.5%) retarded the discontinuous precipitation at grain boundaries, while the addition of Mn, Zn or Cd neither retarded nor accelerated. Especially the addition of Co was very effective. (5) By the addition of Sn, the corrosion weight loss of Cu-Be(1%)-Sn systems decreased in 5%HNO3 solution but increased in 5%HCl solution. The corrosion weight loss of Cu-Be(1%)-Sn(4.5%) increased in 5%HNO3 solution by the addition of Ti, Mn or Zn.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2499K) -
西田 恵三, 成田 敏夫1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 269-276
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーExperiments were carried out so as to examine the basic multiphase diffusion behaviors of Fe-Al alloys. At first, the etched structure and the hardness of each intermetallic compound seen in the alloy were checked under the standard state. Then applying the above results, the diffusion couples prepared by plating iron on alloys were heated at 800°C for 5 or 10 hr and at 610°C for 10 hr with the alloy containing the Al phase. As the result, it was revealed that the ζ phase (FeAl2) showed an even boundary with the α phase and the η phase (Fe2Al5) transformed in the sequence of η→ζ→α. In the latter case with minimum Al content, however, a considerable amount of the ζ phase was observed between the η and α phases and the ζ⁄η boundary showed irregularity depending upon the orientation of the original η phase. With more Al in the η phase, a new η phase protruded locally into an Fe layer and the ζ phase became much less. Especially, in the alloy of much higher Al content containing the θ phase as well as the η phase or the θ phase and the Al phase, the local growth of the η phase results in the so-called bridge formation and in the detachment of the plated iron layer from the alloy substrate, with many voids in the newly produced η matrix phase. In order to explain the above phenomena, the change in volume accompanied by the phase transformation as well as the anisotropy of the η phase had to be taken into account. Some calculations using the data about the intermetallic compounds showed that the above behaviors seemed to be due to the high diffusivity of Al atoms released from the θ phase by the θ→η reaction or from the Al phase and also due to the creation of a new η phase at the Fe/alloy interface.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2676K) -
長谷川 良祐, 黒沢 利夫, 柳橋 哲夫1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 276-282
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーReduction of germanium dioxide under high pressure of hydrogen up to 20 atm was studied in the temperature range of 450°∼600°C. The reduction rate was measured by means of a high-pressure type thermobalance using a quartz spring.
With the increment of pressure, the reduction increased rapidly, and the induction and the complete reaction time was shortened. The effects of pressure were most remarkable within several atmospheres. The initiation temperature of this reduction was 450°C and was almost independent of pressure. No difference was found in the comparison test between closed and flowing systems at 500° and 550°C at 15 atm. The sublimation loss of germanium due to germanium monoxide was reduced remarkably at 800°C under high pressure. Furthermore, the structure of the reduced metal was found to be very porous under a scanning electron microscope.
The reduction rate of the main reaction period from about 10 to 90% was fit for the equation of {1−(1−R)1⁄3}=Kt, and the relation between reduction rate and hydrogen pressure could be represented by the Langmuir’s type formula K=aPH2⁄1+bPH2.
Experimental results were discussed on the basis of absolute reaction rate theory and some kinetic values were also evaluated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1733K) -
橋本 雍彦1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 282-288
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーFour ingot specimens of (I) high oxygen (δ)-Ti-C-O, (II) high oxygen (α+δ)-Ti-C-O, (III) high carbon (δ)-Ti-C-O and (IV) TiC were anodically extracted by fused-salt electrolysis in a NaCl-K2TiFx bath at 850°C. The results obtained may be summarized as follows:
(1) In the case of (IV), Ti dissolved into the bath and the C skeleton remained. Sludging of anodes did not occurred.
(2) At the beginning of extraction from anode materials containing oxygen such as (I), (II) or (III), Ti dissolved into the bath and the low Ti grade (δ)-phase remained. In the high extraction period, however, the extraction process seemed to be complicated, which were affected by C and O contents and probably by current density. Collapsing and sludging of anodes occurred along with the progress of extraction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2668K) -
岡 暢, 石塚 勝一郎, 白川 勇記1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 289-290
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (172K) -
1971 年 35 巻 3 号 p. 290
発行日: 1971年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリー金属学会誌 第34巻 第11号 1075頁に掲載の下記論文の第2図を下図のとおり訂正いたします． （誤）[PDF参照] （正）[PDF参照]抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (33K)
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