巻号一覧
36 巻, 1 号
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徳田 祥一, 河原 弘道1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 1-8
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAs a quantitative microsegregation study of titanium alloys by means of EPMA, following a previous report on Ti-Fe and Ti-Cr binary alloys, a series of experiments were carried out so as to investigate the effects of cooling rate from the β phase and contents of the alloying elements such as Mo and V for Ti-Mo and Ti-V binary alloys and commercial titanium alloys.
The results are as follows:
(1) The examination of parameters such as the segregation index, the effective distribution coefficient and the β stabilizing rate, showed that the genetic trend of the segregation for Mo was larger than V up to 4 wt% in content and was smaller than V over 10 wt% in content.
(2) There was a sort of a critical cooling rate under the effect of cooling rate from the β phase in microsegregation generation.
(3) The smaller the contents of β stabilizing elements, the stronger the genetic trend of microsegregation. And the trend was lessened with increasing degree of the β stabilizing in the alloys.
(4) The genetic trend of microsegregation of Mo and V became stronger in co-existence with Al.
(5) Electron absorption images of Ti-Mo alloys showed that the microsegregation was distributed in a certain small area. V can be presumed to have the same tendency as Mo.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2886K) -
徳田 祥一, 河原 弘道1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 8-13
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーFollowing a previous work on the microsegregation of β stabilizing elements in binary and commercial titanium alloys, the effects of cooling rate from the β phase and the content of the alloying element Al on the microsegregation of Al were quantitatively investigated on Ti-Al binary alloys and in commercial titanium alloys such as Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V, Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2Cr-1Fe, Ti-4Al-3Mo-1V and Ti-16V-2.5Al using an electron probe microanalyser (EPMA). Results are as follows:
(1) Microsegregation of Al is affected by the cooling rate from β phase, but is not greatly affected by the content of Al.
(2) In the examination with parameters such as the segregation index, the effective distribution coefficient and the α stabilizing rate, the genetic trend of microsegregation of Al is smaller than that of β stabilizing elements.
(3) In single phase alloys the concentration of Al is high inside grains and is low in the neighbourhood of boundaries. In two phase (α+β) alloys, the concentration of Al is high inside grains and is low in the β phase.
(4) The genetic trend of microsegregation of Al in commercial titanium alloys is scarcely affected by kind and amount of the co-existing β stabilizing element.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2266K) -
貴志 浩三, 江田 弘1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 14-21
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe plastic flow of a machined surface layer is produced through a shearing zone which involves a built-up edge. Therefore, the plastic flows of the built-up edge and the machined surface layer were observed by an optical microscope and an electron microscope for 0.25%, 0.45%C steels. The present study has been carried out by an analytical method for describing the relation between built-up edge and the burr or rotational slip in the machined surface layer. Emphasis is placed on the metallurgical behaviour of the work material in the extreme conditions of strain and disintergration in the built-up edge as it is an important factor in the machined surface layer. Changes of structural features in different types of the built-up edge and in the burr or rotational slip are discussed. The results are summarized as follows. The burr and the rotational slip are a disintergrated fragments of the built-up edge. In the range of cutting speed 0∼20 m/min, the nose type built-up edge seems to become a rotational slip. Also, in the range of cutting speed 20∼40 m/min, the trapezoid type built-up edge tends to become a burr. But the burr and the rotational slip almost disappears in the plate type built-up edge beyond the cutting speed 40 m/min.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (4030K) -
相田 貞蔵, 渡辺 一徳1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 22-27
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThis study was carried out so as to obtain basic data on Zn-Al, Zn-Sb, Zn-Sn, Zn-Pb, Cd-Sb, Cd-Sn and Cd-Pb alloys which were heated at such high temperatures as their boiling points.
First, in accordance with the illustrating method described in the proceeding paper(1), the following were illustrated and calculated for the above alloys:
(1) Curves of evaporation rates W vs temperature T (over the range of about 700°∼2000°K)
(2) Constants B and C of evaporation rates
(3) Latent heat of evaporation L0
(4) Curves of evaporation energy ε vs temperature T
Next, the curves of evaporation rates W vs temperature T for the above alloys were compared with the corresponding experimental curves or illustrated curves reported by Burmeister, Kubaschewski, Schneider and others.
The results of comparison showed that both curves are in relatively good agreement at evaporation rates of less than about 20 g/cm2·sec in corresponding to the vapor pressure of about 760 mmHg and in the composition ranges of more than (20∼30) wt% zinc in zinc binary alloys, and more than 30 wt% cadmium in cadmium binary alloys.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1759K) -
新井 甲一, 寺山 清志1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 28-33
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of chloride ion on the anodic dissolution of galena in dilute sulfuric acid solution was studied in order to obtain the foundamental data on acidic leaching. Electrolytes used are dilute sulfuric acid solutions containing sodium chloride with pH values of 2.5 and 6.2, and deaerated with nitrogen. The anodic dissolution behavior of galena electrode is measured by means of the galvanostatic and the potentiodynamic polarization methods.
The experimental results obtained are as follows:
(1) The anodic polarization behavior of galena in dilute sulfuric acid solution shows a typical activation-passivation curve and the anodic surface film is formed on the galena electrode. The limiting anodic current increases with lowering pH and elevating temperature, and the reaction of surface film dissolution is accelerated with lowering pH and elevating temperature.
(2) The surface film formed on the galena electrode in the solution is a lead sulfate and shows a characteristic behavior of ionic conductors. The thickness of the surface film is about 300∼2000 Å. The reaction of surface film formation is mass-transport control.
(3) The anodic dissolution of galena in dilute sulfuric acid solution containing chloride ion increases with lowering pH, elevating temperature and increasing concentration of chloride ion in the solution. The anodic polarization resistance decreases proportionally with increasing concentration of chloride ion in the electrolyte. The acceleration of the reaction in anodic dissolution of galena is caused by the effect of chloride anion, and the electrode interface is activated by chloride ion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1611K) -
上城 太一, 関根 和喜, 久芳 征一郎, 竹内 敏郎1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 33-38
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe factors that affect the formation of surface textures, friction between rolls and sheet, one pass reduction, total reduction and the rolling sequence have been studied. Under conditions of very high friction and low one pass reduction, the (001)[110] surface texture is markedly developed with increasing total rolling reduction, whereas the (001)[110] component is only to some extent formed for high one pass reduction. Under low friction conditions, the (001)[110] surface texture is gradually converted to the pure metal type rolling texture with increasing rolling reduction. For a range of sheet thickness from 12 to 0.5 mm, the influence of sheet thickness on the formation of the (001)[110] surface texture is not observed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1591K) -
野尻 輝治, 葉山 房夫, 雄谷 重夫1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 39-45
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn a previous paper on the relationship between the sliding wear of lead-bronze and its casting structure, the present authors reported that the wear resistance was the strongest in the equi-axial crystal part, followed by the columnar crystal part and the chilled crystal part in order.
In this paper the wear mechanism of lead-bronze on dry sliding in air was investigated. The specimens were lead-bronze containing 0∼40%Pb and 0∼12%Sn, and these were slid on a hardened steel ring without any lubricant.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The wear mechanism of lead-bronze can be devided into metallic wear, melting wear and oxidizing wear.
(2) Metallic wear is found in the chilled crystal part or the parts containing little tin and lead in lead-bronze. The wear rate of the specimen is high, but the wear of the mating steel ring is hardly observable.
(3) Melting wear is generally found in a copper-lead alloy (without tin), particularly in a high lead alloy. The wear rate of the specimen is very high, but that of the mating ring is very small. Addition of tin is effective to prevent the wear of this type.
(4) Oxidizing wear is found in the high tin alloys, or alloys containing large amounts of tin and lead. In general, Cu2O is revealed at a low sliding speed and α-Fe2O3 at a medium speed, while a mixture of oxides of lead, copper and iron (PbO, Cu2O and α-Fe2O3) is observed at a high speed. The wear of the specimen is very small, but the wearing behaviors of the mating steel are in a varied with the oxidizing state and the wear rate is high at large.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2388K) -
藤原 正二, 中田 秀一, 田村 今男1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 46-53
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of small additions of third elements (Co, Al and Mn) on the secondary hardening during aging in Fe-4%Mo-0.2%C martensite has been studied by means of hardness measurements, electric resistivity measurements, optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) In the isothermal aging, the maximum hardness of the specimens which contained of Co, Al and Mn in Fe-4%Mo-0.2%C, was higher than that in plain Fe-4%Mo-0.2%C martensite. In these specimens, the time to attain the maximum hardness was shorter than in plain Fe-4%Mo-0.2%C martensite.
(2) Especially, in the specimens containing of 0.1%Al and 0.1%Mn, the increasing rate of hardness before reaching a hardness peak was larger than in plain Fe-4%Mo-0.2%C and Fe-4%Mo-0.1%Co-0.2%C martensites. Remarkable differences were also observed by electric resistivity measurements and transmission electron microscopy. This result coincided well with the hardness change.
(3) The addition of Al and Mn retards the anihilation of dislocations in matrix. This offers the nucleation sites of Mo2C. The addition of Co increases the supper saturation of Mo. These may be considered as the reasons why Mo2C precipitation were accelerated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3103K) -
清水 章太郎, 橋本 英豪1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 53-57
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe behavior of atomic ordering and magnetic hardening in Pt-Pd-Fe alloys were studied with interest in permanent magnetic alloys. About fifty alloys were prepared by powder metallurgy in the composition range of 0∼60 at%Pt, 0∼50 at%Pd and 40∼65 at%Fe. After various heat treatments, the magnetic properties were measured and the crystal structure were studied by X-ray diffraction. The results are summarized as follows:
(1) In Pt-Pd-Fe alloys containing a sufficient amount of Pd, the ordering transformation can be intercepted by quenching from high temperatures. And these alloys show the magnetic hardening by the aging process after quenching. For the occurrence of this effect, the alloys containing 50, 55 and 60 at%Fe require to contain 20, 10 and 5 at%Pd respectively.
(2) Since the coercive force is lowered in itself by Pd addition, optimum magnetic properties are obtained in 35Pt-5Pd-60Fe alloy, as an example, Br=8300 G, Hc=2400 Oe, (BH)max=7.4 MG Oe are obtained.
(3) Comparing the processes of ordering and magnetic hardening in this alloy with that in the PtCo alloy, it appears that the magnetic hardening in the former takes place in a later stage of atomic ordering than in the latter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1277K) -
増本 量, 沢谷 昭八, 菊地 紀雄1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 57-63
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーMeasurements of Young’s modulus at −150°∼400°C and of thermal expansion, rigidity modulus and hardness at room temperature have been carried out with Mn-Cu-Fe alloys subjected to a variety of heat treatment and cold working. It is shown that when slowly cooled after heating at 900°C for 1 hr, Mn-Cu-Fe alloys containing 20.13∼55.00%Cu and 2.55∼30.25%Fe exhibit an abnormality on the Young’s modulus vs temperature curves which correspond to antiferromagnetic Néel points. The values of Young’s modulus at room temperature in the annealed state were higher than those in the cold worked or wate rquenched states, and the difference becomes greater with increasing manganese or iron content. The temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus is remarkably varied by composition as well as by annealing, water quenching, cold working, and reheating after water quenching or cold working. The temperature coefficients of Young’s modulus as a function of composition exhibit a large maximum and minimum in positive or negative sign, thus revealing the Elinvar property. The variations in rigidity modulus and its temperature coefficient with heat treatment, reduction rate and composition have a close resemblance to those in Young’s modulus and its temperature coefficient. The hardness undergoes a complicate relation with composition, heat treatment and reduction of the alloys, the Vickers hardness being about 130 to 800. The oxidation-and corrosion-resistivities of the Mn-Cu-Fe alloys are fairly high.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1617K) -
増本 量, 村上 雄悦, 比内 正勝1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 63-65
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーMagnetic properties, electrical resistivity and hardness of vacuum-melted Ni-Fe-Ta alloys composed of 65.00∼83.65%Ni, 8.00∼24.70%Fe and 3.20∼23.90%Ta were measured when heated in pure hydrogen atmosphere at 1150°C for 3 hr and then cooled at various rates. The results showed that the addition of Ta brought about considerable improvements of these characteristics of Ni-Fe alloys. The highest values of 57300 in initial permeability and 428000 in maximum permeability were obtained on an alloy composed of 73.00%Ni, 12.05%Fe and 14.95%Ta when cooled from a temperature above the order-disorder transformation points at a rate of 800°C/hr. The coercive force and the intrinsic magnetic induction of the alloy were 0.0052 Oe (Bm=5000 G) and 7420 G (H=1000 Oe), respectively; its electrical resistivity and Vickers hardness were 64.3 μΩ-cm and 197, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (796K) -
束原 巌, 矢吹 恵美1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 66-72
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA method for the fractional determination of titanium oxide, titanium carbide and titanium nitride in Ni-Ti alloy has been presented. For the determination of titanium oxide and carbide, 1 g of the sample is dissolved with bromine-methyl acetate (20 mL of bromine+200 mL of methyl acetate) in a decomposition flask below 20°C for 1 hr. The solution is filtered by suction through a Millipore filter (UGWP). The residue is washed with methanol and treated with 10 mL of HF (46%) on a boiling water bath for 20 min. The solution is filtered by suction through a Millipore filter (UGWP) and the amount of titanium in this solution (titanium present as oxide inclusion) is determined spectrophotometrically with 8-hydroxyquinoline. The residue undissolved with HF is treated with 25 mL of HNO3(1+1) and 5 mL of HF(46%) on a boiling water bath for 30 min. The solution is filtered and the amount of titanium in this solution (the sum of titanium present as carbide and nitride) is determined. Then, the amount of titanium present as carbide is determined by subtracting the amount of titanium present as nitride which is determined by the Kjeldahl method.
For the determination of titanium nitride, 5 g of the sample is dissolved with methanolic bromine (20 mL of bromine+200 mL of methanol) in a decomposition flask below 20°C for 1 hr. The solution is filtered by suction through a Millipore filter (UGWP). The residue is washed with methanol and treated with 7 mL of HF(46%) and H2O2(30%) on a boiling water bath for 1 hr. Ammonia in the solution obtained is determined by the Kjeldahl method and the amount of titanium present as nitride (TiN) is calculated.
The optimum conditions for extracting the titanium compounds from Ni-Ti alloy with methanolic bromine or with bromine-methyl acetate and for the fractional determination of titanium compounds have been investigated. A comparison of methanolic bromine method and bromine-methyl acetate method has been made and the structures of titanium compounds in Ni-Ti alloy are discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2354K) -
渡辺 俊六, 斎藤 恒三1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 73-74
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe thermal expansion of liquid iron was measured by a dilatometer method at temperatures between 1560° and 1750°C. From the result, the anomalies of the thermal expansion which were reported by Morita et al. and Vertman et al. were not recognized.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (685K) -
劉 国雄, 河野 修, 吉田 博行, 村上 陽太郎1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 75-81
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn order to investigate the effect of the neutron irradiation on the behaviour of spherical G.P.zones and intermediate precipitates, the measurements of X-ray small angle scattering and electrical resistivity were carried out on the ternary Al-2.8 at%Zn-1.4 at%Mg and Al-5 at%Ag-5 at%Zn alloys.
Through the measurements of the scattering intensity before and after irradiation at a low temperature (∼10°K) and at an impile temperature (∼80°C), it was shown that the sizes of G.P.zones and intermediate precipitates after irradiation decrease, while the size distribution becomes wider and volume fraction becomes larger than those before irradiation. From the measurements of electrical resistivity it was shown that the precipitation of the intermediate phase in an Al-Zn-Mg alloy was delayed by irradiation. These results suggest that during irradiation at a low temperature the spherical G.P.zones and intermediate precipitates must be partially broken up by collision cascades and displacement spikes, not by thermal re-solutions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2623K) -
中村 素, 内木 虎蔵, 岡林 久喜1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 82-85
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーEffect of carbon on fracture toughness was studied in poly-crystalline iron-carbon alloys with low carbon content (0.034 to 0.30 wt%). The results obtained are as follows.
The relationship between fracture toughness and testing temperature at low temperatures is
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
where, Gic is the fracture toughness value, G0 and T0 material constants, and T the absolute temperature.
G0 is dependent on carbon content but is independent of the structure. In the materials as-quenched, G0 Values increase with increasing carbon content. And the G0 values become a constant values when the material is fully tempered.
T0 depends on the structure. And 1⁄T0 values increase with decreasing carbon content or grain size.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1146K) -
藤村 全戒, 村松 克己1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 85-90
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of austenitizing conditions on the lower bainite transformation (at 250°C) in a commercial eutectoid steel is reported as a part of the studies investigating the effect of austenitizing conditions on the transformation behavior in steels. The effect of austenitizing time after heat treated at 1200°C for 20 minutes on the bainite transformation was investigated mainly for the case keeping the time more than 60 minutes at an constant temperature. The principal findings are as follows.
(1) The amount of bainite formed during a certain transformation period increases as the time increases, and after reaching a maximum, it decreases. This tendency is irrespective of the austenitizing temperature.
(2) The higher the austenitizing temperature the shorter becomes the time to reach the maximum bainite formation. On the other hand the lower is the temperature the larger is the maximum amount.
(3) Bainite starts to nucleate at the grain boundaries and grows toward to inside of the grains in the case of shorter austenitizing time. As the austenitizing time becomes longer this tendency of nucleation at the grain boundaries decreases and bainite also nucleates inside the grains. In this case bainite plates at the grain boundaries as well as inside the grains are fine structures compared to those formed in a shorter austenitizing time.
(4) The value of activation energy obtained by assuming that a process to show the maximum amount of transformation is an thermally activated one is 34.7 kcal/mol.
(5) Nucleation of bainite inside the grains is caused by the nuclear action by AlN.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2120K) -
大谷 四聰, 西垣 実1972 年 36 巻 1 号 p. 90-96
発行日: 1972年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThough Ti-15Mo-5Zr shows, as given previously, such excellent characteristics as corrosion resistance, cold workability and weldability, and is placed under several practical applications, the stability and the resistance to oxidation of the alloy is not satisfactory.
With the intention of improving these imperfections of Ti-15Mo-5Zr, the effect of Al addition on the various properties, such as thermal and mechanical stability of beta phase, forgeability, cold workability, aging property, oxidation resistance, and corrosion resistance, were studied. Three Ti-15Mo-5Zr base alloys and three commercial or semicommercial alloys were used in this investigation. Though the embrittlement of Ti-15Mo-5Zr after slow cooling was much reduced by the addition of 3%Al, because Al suppresses and ratards the omega precipitation, Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al-2V is superior to Ti-15Mo-5Zr-3Al so far as corrosion resistance is concerned.
The latter alloy showed a marked hardening during the aging at rather high temperature, because Al strengthens the precipitates. This alloy is expected to be an excellent age hardenable alloy for construction application. There was no fundamental difference of oxidation resistance between Al-bearing and Al-free Ti-15Mo-5Zr alloys. The forgeability and cold workability of the alloy was not so much affected by 3%Al addition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1681K)
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