巻号一覧
37 巻, 12 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1～14を表示しています
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
蒲地 一義, 浜本 栄1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1259-1267
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAn X-ray study of the process of martensite transformation induced by hydrogen charge in austenitic stainless steel has been carried out, and it has been established that the sequence of the transformation is γ→ε′→ε+α.
The phase is probably an unstable phase which is a sort of the intermediate phase of hydride, but the ε and α are both thermally stable martensite phases. The two phases, ε and α, have the same type of crystal lattice and the same values of lattice constants with strain-induced martensite phases.
The formation of the intermediate hydride phase and the lattice relation of ε and ε′ against the austenite matrix have been examined by pseudo-Kossel patterns using micro-forcus divergent X-rays, and the relation is found to be (0001)ε\varparallel(111)γ and (1120)ε′\varparallel(101)γ.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2125K) -
山本 悟, 山本 義治, 村上 陽太郎1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1268-1275
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーEffects of the plastic deformation by cold rolling prior to or in the course of ageing on the age-hardening of Cu-1.41 wt% Be and Cu-2.01 wt% Be-0.2 wt% Co alloys have been investigated mainly by hardness measurements and electron microscopy. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) Cold rolling of the specimens at the precipitation stage of the ordered phase (AuCu 1 type) increased remarkably the maximum hardness, although the plastic deformation prior to ageing showed a higher maximum hardness than that of the aged specimens without deformation.
(2) The transformation from the ordered phase to the γ′ intermediate phase (bct structure) was accelerated by plastic deformation at the precipitation stage of the ordered phase, whereby a very high maximum hardness could be obtained.
These experimental results can be explained in terms of a mechanism very similar to that of the strain-induced martensitic transformation in 3/2 electron compounds, which is based upon the crystallographic characteristics of the structure change of Cu-Be alloy during ageing, such as surface relief, orientation relationship, habit plane, Iattice defects and elastic anisotropy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (664K) -
中嶋一雄 , 長村 光造, 村上 陽太郎1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1276-1278
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAn InP-InSb quasi-binary phase diagram was determined by differential thermal analysis, EPMA and microscopic observation. The eutectic temperature was found to be 525±3.7°C. By using the EPMA. The compositions of solids in equilibrium with liquid at 690 and 565°C are determined to be 98.5 and 98.2 mol% InP, respectively.
The calculated quasi-binary phase diagram was found to agree well with the experimental data. In the thermodynamic calculation, the compositions of the eutectic point and the solubility limit of InSb in InP at the eutectic temperature were shown to be 0.02 mol% InP and 1.85 mol% InSb, respectively. It became clear that the liquid and solid phase interaction energy parameters are represented as Ωl=25000−18T and ΩS=6634 cal/mol, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (232K) -
大西 正己, 若松 良徳1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1279-1283
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーδ1-Zn pseudo-binary couples were annealed at 325 to 408°C. The ζ phase layers formed in those couples had the concentration range from 6.8 to 7.2 at% Fe. The temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients in the ζ phase layers was given by the following equation:
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
In previous work we obtained the diffusion coefficients in the initial ζ phase layers which appeared prior to the formation of the δ1 and Γ phase layers in Fe-Zn binary couples. In this paper the diffusion coefficients of the initial ζ phases were also measured more accurately at temperatures from 240 to 322°C. The temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients in the initial ζ phase layers having a constant concentration range from 6.8 to 9.9 at% Fe was given by the following equation:
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
Kirkendall markers in both types of the couples existed always at the interfaces between the ζ phase layers and the Zn couple halves. The presence of such a pronounced Kirkendall effect means that there is a one-sided diffusion of Zn atoms by the vacancy mechanism. The difference in activation energy between the above two equations is probably due to the concentration difference of the non-equilibrium vacancies.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (436K) -
北田 正弘, 鴨下 源一1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1284-1292
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe surface hardness, electrical resistance and microstructure of Al implanted with 10 to 50 keV B+, N+, and Ar+ ions to a dose of 1015 to 1017 ions cm−2 were measured, and the effects of ageing on the above characteristics were studied.
The results are as follows:
(1) The surface hardness of Al implanted with B+, N+, and Ar+ ions increases with the increase of the energy and the dose of ions. The hardness increase is in the following order; B+<N+<Ar+.
(2) The residual electrical resistance of Al implanted with B+, N+, and Ar+ ions increases with the increase of the energy and the dose of ions.
(3) The surface hardness and the residual resistance of Al implanted with B+ and N+ ions increase by ageing for a dose of 1017 ions cm−2, but decrease monotonously by ageing for a dose less than 1016 ions cm−2.
(4) The clustreing of the ions or a fine scale precipitate as well as the dislocation line and the dislocation loop are observed in Al specimens which are implanted with more than 1016 B+ ions cm−2 or more than 1015 N+ or Ar+ ions cm−2. The coarse precipitate and Al-AlB2 eutectic are formed by ageing in Al implanted with B+ ions, and Ar bubbles precipitate in Ar+ ion-implanted Al.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1484K) -
斎藤 安俊, 品田 豊, 菅原 康夫1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1293-1299
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThermally stimulated exoelectron emissions (TSEE) from nickel and oxidized nickel surfaces after excitation by means of abrasion and X-ray irradiation in air were measured using a gas-flow type G-M counter equipped with the heating unit.
The results obtained are as follows:
(1) There were three remarkable peaks in the TSEE glow curves up to 400°C; at about 120°C (1 st), 230°C (2 nd) and 350°C (3 rd). No peak was observed in the second run of heating.
(2) The emission intensity was stronger in the samples excited by X-ray irradiation than in those excited by abrasion. A significant increase in emission intensity was obserbed with the samples excited by X-ray irradiation after abrasion.
(3) Oxidized nickel and nickel oxide powder without excitation showed the third peaks only.
(4) The emission intensity at the first and second peaks increased with the time of X-ray irradiation and eventually became constant.
(5) When nickel was irradiated by X-ray after being oxidized, the first and second peak intensities increased extremely with the oxidation temperature and hence with the amounts of surface oxide. Each of these intensities, however, showed a maximum value at a certain temperature of oxidation. It is suggested that although the exoelectron emission is caused by the surface oxide formed on nickel, the bulk oxide itself is not responsible for the emission.
(6) The ratio of the first to the second peak intensity was nearly constant, independent of both the oxidation temperature and the X-ray irradiation time. This fact suggests that there is a correlation between the origins of the first and second peaks of the exoelectron emission.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (598K) -
多賀 康訓, 磯谷 彰男, 中島 耕一1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1300-1304
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーChanges in the structures of the (111) and (110) surfaces of iron single crystal due to ion-bombardment and subsequent heating in vacuum were investigated by means of LEED and Auger emission spectroscopy.
It was shown that with rising temperature to 500°C, (110) facets developed in the (111) suriace, and oxygen and sulfur atoms gathered around (110) and (111) in each stage, respectively, resulting in a reconstruction of the surface forming a superlattice.
Based on the LEED pattern obtained, possible arrangements of the lattice of the oxygen and sulfur atoms on the surface in each stage were determined.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (417K) -
石田 清仁, 渋谷 洌, 西沢 泰二1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1305-1313
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーFerrite/austenite equilibrium in multi-component iron alloys has been studied on the bases of thermodynamic analysis of Fe-X binary systems. In addition, the α⁄γ equilibrium in Fe-Mn-V, Fe-Mn-Mo and Fe-Mn-Si systems has been experimentally determined to compare with the calculated ones.
The results obtained were as follows:
(1) The α⁄γ equilibrium in multi-component iron alloys with a lower alloy content level can be estimated by the ferrite/austenite stabilizing parameter of each alloying element. For higher alloy contents, however, the parameters concerning mutual interactions between iron and the alloying elements have a considerable effect on the phase relationship.
(2) The α⁄γ equilibrium in Fe-Mn-X ternary systems shows various types of γ-loop depending on the value of the ferrite/austenite stabilizing parameter of X. In the case of Fe-Mn-V, Fe-Mn-Mo and Fe-Mn-Si systems, the α⁄γ phase boundary at the section of xMn⁄xX=1 is similar to the γ-loop of the Fe-Cr system; i.e. both of the A3 and A4 points are lowered by additions of the alloying elements. This is mainly due to a large temperature dependence of the ferrite/austenite stabilizing parameter of manganese.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (687K) -
中山 忠行, 堀部 進1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1313-1319
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of grain size and grain growth on the structures and compositions of oxide films produced on the surfaces of 18 Cr steel heated in air at 600∼1100°C for 5 hr or 10 hr were investigated through transmission electron diffraction, X-ray diffraction and X-ray microanalysis methods.
The main results obtained are as follows:
(1) The oxide films formed on large grain specimens (grain size; ca. 1600 μ) heated at 600∼800°C for 5 hr were composed of a corundum-type oxide containing Fe and Cr, was on fine grain specimens (grain size; ca. 10 μ) spinel type oxide consisting mainly of Cr and Mn was formed besides the corundum type oxide. The spacings obtained from the oxides produced on both specimens heated at 900°C for 10 hr coincided with those of Cr2O3 and MnCr2O4 crystals. At these temperatures both specimens did not indicate the grain growth of ferrite matrices.
(2) A fine grain specimen was covered with thick oxide layers after heating at 1000°C for 5 hr and at that temperature the grain growth was predominant. The outer layer consisted of α-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4, and the inner layer was identified with FeCr2O4. On the other hand, at this temperature a large grain specimen was still covered with the same oxide as that formed at 900°C.
It is reasonable to consider that this singular oxidation behaviour in the fine grain specimen is due to the occurrence of cracks in the oxide film by boundary migration in the matrix during oxidation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (731K) -
小若 正倫, 工藤 赳夫1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1320-1329
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of composition on stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steels has been investigated for several concentrations of boiling MgCl2 Solutions. The stress was applied by a constant load of 25 kg/mm2. The relation between the boiling point of MgCl2 solutions (concentration of MgCl2 solutions) and the time to fracture was determined. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The boiling point of MgCl2 solution at which the sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking is maximum decreases with increasing amounts of carbon and silicon in stainless steels.
(2) With increasing amounts of molybdenum, nitrogen, phosphorus, chromium and copper, the above-mentioned boiling point increases.
(3) The increase in nickel content decreases the sensitivity to stress corrosion cracking in the overall concentration range of boiling MgCl2 solution.
Both the periods of induction and propagation were determined by measuring the potential change of 304 and 316 stainless steels in boiling MgCl2 solutions. And the mechanism has been discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (809K) -
徳永 洋一, 大北 智良1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1330-1338
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーRelations between low-temperature aging and serrated flow for Ni-maraging steels and 13Cr-maraging stainless steels have been investigated by specific heat and electric resistance measurements, and also by the tensile test in the temperature range from room temperature to 500°C. The results obtained are sununarized as follows:
(1) The observed serrated flows are correlated with the low-temperature aging due to the clustering or the rich-zone formation of substitutional solutes. However, the value of activation volume for the initial flow is unaffected by the aging reaction.
(2) Serrations are classified into two types. Type A or a very small and irregular serration occurs immediately after yielding, and type B or a distinct and regular serration occurs after a few percents of plastic deformation.
(3) For the mechanism of the A-type serration, a dynamic strain aging process proceeds in which moving dislocations are alternately pinned and released by solute. Then, dislocations become more tightly pinned as deformation proceeds. In the B-type serration, on the other hand, Lüders bands are generated and localized deformation occurs, when, at the critical stress, a group of dislocations is suddenly multiplied.
(4) The mean amplitude of the B-type serration increases with increasing test temperature or decreasing strain rate. The apparent activation energy of 40 kcal/mol for the occurrence of the B-type serration is in good agreement with that for the low-temperature aging. Thus, it is suggested that the strain aging is due to a redistribution or reorientation of substitutional solute atoms in the stress field of dislocations,by mechanisms involving the stress-induced diffusion.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (805K) -
加藤 登季男, 沖 猛雄1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1338-1343
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the anodic reaction mechanism of nickel sulfide (Ni3S2) in sulfuric acid solution, measurements of electrode potentials, anodic polarization behaviours and galvanostatic polarization behaviours of Ni3S2, and observations of the nickel concentration by XMA and the crystal structure by X-ray reflection of the electrode surface were carried out.
(1) Ni3S2 was dissolved anodically in sulfuric acid solution through the following two processes:
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
\ oindentwhere the reaction (ii) and (ii)′ proceed simultaneously.
(2) The apparent activation energy for the diffusion of the nickel atom in Ni3S2 was about 1.0 kcal/mol.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (740K) -
小野 陽一, 松本 修二1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1344-1347
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA method of analysis has been proposed in this paper to determine the diffusion coefficient of a component in a high-temperature melt from the data on concentration profiles measured using the so-called diffusion-couple technique. The procedure, which is believed to be simpler and more reliable than the previous methods, is summarized as follows:
(1) Plot the dimensionless concentration (C−C0)⁄(C1−C0) against the corresponding distance X on a probability paper. A straight line will be produced if the experiment is successfully done.
(2) Obtain the statistical variance σ2 of the distance travelled by diffusing particles from the slope of the straight line; σ2=1/(slope)2.
(3) The variance is expected to be measured for several different diffusion times. If the variance is plotted against the experimental time, a straight line will be yielded. The diffusion coefficient D to be obtained is then a half of the slope of the line.
The analysis is illustrated using the data by the present authors on the diffusion of manganese in molten iron saturated with carbon. Comparison of the proposed method with those by previous authors is also given.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (342K) -
佐藤 経郎, 植村 治, 相楽 幸雄1973 年 37 巻 12 号 p. 1348-1351
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe amorphous structure of Se-GeSe2 alloys quenched from the melt was investigated by means of X-ray diffraction method. The structure factor a(K) and the radial distribution function (RDF) of the alloys were calculated from the intensity function I(K). The following conclusions are drawn from these results.
(1) The interatomic distance and the coordination number of pure Se agree well with those of Henninger et al.
(2) In the a(K) of 33.3 at% Ge alloy, there is a strong peak corresponding to the strongest reflexion of the crystalline GeSe2, which indicates the close relation between the amorphous and the crystal structure of GeSe2.
(3) Interatomic distances of the first and the second nearest neighbours slightly depend on the alloy composition. The coordination number increases gradually from 1.9 for pure Se to 2.6 for 33.3 at% Ge with Ge concentration.
(4) Spiral atomic chain in the crystal of pure Se and Se alloys seems to persist in their amorphous structures.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (270K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|