巻号一覧
37 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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中井 弘, 福住 達夫1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 475-482
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe epitaxial growth of Fe1−xS formed on the (110) and (100) faces of Fe single crystals in H2S-H2 gas mixture at elevated temperature was investigated by electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Sulfidation was carried out at 250°C to 700°C for 1 to 15 min in 700 ppm H2S.
The initial stage of scale growth was observed by means of a transmission electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The main results obtained are as follows:
(1) The epitaxial relationship between Fe1−xS single crystal and Fe single crystal is independent of the crystal face of the substrate and (0001)Fe1−xS is parallel to the substrate surface.
(2) Fe1−xS single crystal is ordered FeS like troilite. The lattice constant of the Fe1−xS crystal measured by electron diffraction is found to decrease with sulfidation temperature; 5.40 Å at 700°C and 5.96 Å at 250°C.
(3) The lattice constant of the Fe1−xS crystal approaches an equilibrium value with annealing in H2. As the sulfide crystal lattice has some geometical misfit, minimum −1.42% for the Fe lattice, it is concluded that small anisotropic strains caused by the epitaxial force between sulfide and substrate lattices exist in the sulfide scale. The strains measured after annealing are about −1% and compared with calculated result derived from Van Der Merwe’s expression.
(4) The initial stage of the double layer structure obtained by sulfidation of H2S was observed by transmission and scanning electron microscopes. Thus, the scale formation mechanism is considered to occur by quasi-sintering with condensation of cation vacancies of the Fe1−xS lattice occupied by hydrogen ions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (984K) -
向井 楠宏1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 482-487
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe differential capillary-rise method has been modified to measure the surface tension of liquid metals which are not wet with capillary material. The surface tensions γ of liquid tin and lead measured by this method are given by
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\ oindentat t°C in hydrogen atmosphere. The surface tension values of liquid tin determined by this method are in good agreement with those by the sessile drop method under the same condition. A comparison with previous experimental surface tension values of liquid tin and lead indicates the apparent discrepancy in the temperature coefficient of surface tension corresponding to the kind of the atmosphere used for the measurement.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (498K) -
正藤 和男, 仁木 栄次1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 487-492
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAn experimental method for the determination of mass absorption coefficients for the very soft X-ray region by use of EPMA and a composite target, prepared by evaporating a film of metal of different atomic numbers over a base layer, has been devised. In the method it is necessary to know the “equivalent thickness”, i.e. the thickness of the surface film, which satisfies the assumption that the characteristic X-ray intensities from backing materials in the composite targets under the surface films are equal to each other. A method of calculation for the “equivalent thickness” is proposed in this work.
The “equivalent thickness” is calculated with the aids of Cosslett and Thomass’ expression for the energy distribution of incident electrons in a solid target, and equations for the total electron transmission, for the backscattering coefficients of an isolated film and a massive target, and for the mean energy of electrons transmitted through and backscattered from the isolated film and massive target. The values for the “equivalent thickness” of all elements from Z=12 to Z=92 are computed by use of these equations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (446K) -
正藤 和男, 仁木 栄次1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 493-495
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe mass absorption coefficients for X-ray of 13.3 Å (=CuLα) have been determined by the use of EPMA and a special composite target.
The composite target was prepared by means of the evaporation of Al, Cr, Ni, Zn, Se, Zr, Sn, Sb, Gd, Au, Pb or Bi on Cu base in vacuum (∼10−5 mmHg).
The mass absorption coefficients of these metals for the CuLα line were determined from the experimental results by the following equation:
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\ oindentHere, I1 and I2 are relative intensities of CuLα line measured from the composite target with Al surface film of t1 g/cm2 and another surface film of t2 g/cm2, respectively, where t1 and t2 are the “equivalent thickness” to each other, and θ is a take-off angle of X-ray.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (213K) -
上城 太一, 徳永 一弘, 高橋 和男1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 496-501
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe development of a single [111] fiber texture in fcc metals of high stacking fault energy has been investigated by inverse pole figures for a wire texture of polycrystalline aluminum drawn up to 98.9%.
Wire axes distributed along the [\bar110] great circle between [001] and [111] at low reduction rotates gradually toward [111], and a sharp [111] fiber texture is eventually developed at high reduction.
Taylor’s analysis of axially symmetrical flow at [118] and [114] orientations revealed that operation of the selected active slip systems under conditions of minimum shear rotates the wire axis toward [001] and that of the cross slip systems does not always contribute to the displacement of the wire axis toward [111]. It is also suggested the inevitability of introducing the assumption of inhomogeneous deformation during wire drawing.
The development of the single [111] fiber texture is considered to be explained by the extensive operation of slip systems having the highest resolved shear stress for a uniaxial stress system and causing inhomogeneous deformation. Moreover, it is reasonable to take into account the fact that the region where the wire axis rotates toward [111] is wider than that toward [001], so [111] component is more stable than [001] with respect to inhomogeneous deformation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (503K) -
大野 レイ一, 香川 昌宏, 羽角 孝1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 502-508
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーCobalt cylinders having the top and bottom faces capped with molybdenum were rotated at speeds of 260, 600 and 860 rpm in liquid copper and Cu-Co alloys maintained at 1200, 1270, and 1340°C under argon at 1 atm pressure. The dependence of the dissolution rate of the cylinders on the concentration of cobalt in the bulk liquid was observed. The solution-rate constants defined by a modified form of the Berthoud equation varied from 6.6×10−3 to 2.7×10−2 cm·sec−1. The activation energies for the dissolution processes at rotational speeds of 260 and 600 rpm were 12.7 and 13.7 kcal·mol−1, respectively. The rate constant was found to vary with the 0.76 to the 0.94 power of the Reynolds number in the range 5.7×103<Re<2.1×104. The dependence of the dissolution rate on the activity of cobalt in the bulk liquid was observed and was discussed on the basis of the thermodynamic expression for diffusion. The results of this investigation suggest that the dissolution process is diffusion controlled. Oxygen increases markedly the dissolution rate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (540K) -
片山 巌, 島谷 博之, 幸塚 善作1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 509-515
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーE.M.F. of a galvanic cell with the solid electrolyte (ZrO2+CaO) was measured to determine the activities of nickel in the temperature range of 900∼1100°C for eight Cu-Ni alloys, and the activities of molybdenum in the temperature range of 950∼1100°C for eight Ni-Mo alloys, and thermodynamic functions were derived from the determined activities. The cells were as follows;
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In the Cu-Ni alloys, activities showed positive deviations from Raoult’s law, and enthalpies of mixing showed positive values and excess entropies of mixing showed small negative values. These results were in good agreement with other reliable data.
In the Ni-Mo alloys, activities of molybdenum showed large positive deviations from Raoult’s law, and those of nickel small negative deviations in the nickel rich solid solution range. The alloy system is characterized by large positive enthalpies and entropies of mixing. They are probably due to the elastic strain energy derived from the large size difference between nickel and molybdenum.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (549K) -
久保 紘, 平野 賢一1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 516-521
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーTheoretical analysis of martensitic transformations from cubic to long period stacking order structures is presented and applied to the martensitic transformation from β1 (ordered structure of Fe3Al type) to β1′ (18R structure) in Cu-Al alloy. The theoretical analysis has shown that the habit plane normal, the direction and amount of shape deformation in the transformation from cubic to the structure with long period stacking order are the same as those in the transformation from cubic to a hypothetical fcc or fct structure (the structure with long period stacking order from which the regularly arrayed stacking faults are removed), if the stacking faults lie in the basal planes of the martensite with long period stacking order. Thus, the habit plane normal, and the direction and amount of the shape deformation in the transformation from β1 to β1′ in Cu-Al alloy can be estimated by the phenomenological theory that regards the transformation as that from the bcc to the fcc structure. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
The martensite with long period stacking order of the R type has two kinds of stacking faults which are called the cubic and hexagonal type. The phenomenological theory predicts that there should be a linear relationship between α and β which represents the stacking fault probabilities of the cubic and hexagonal type, respectively. In the case of β1′ in Cu-Al alloy, the theoretical value of (1−α)⁄(1−β) is 1.141, corresponding to the experimental value, 1.227.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (510K) -
吉岡 正三, 目良 光男, 助台 栄一1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 522-528
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe indentations formed on the surfaces of single crystals and the mechanism of deformation connected with them have long been studied by many workers. The studies, however, have been concentrated only on the observations of the superficial phenomena developed on the specimen surfaces, which do not seem to provide sufficient information about what occurs in the material under the indenters, and a better understanding of the indentations.
To clarify the mechanism of the deformation induced by an indenter, the configurations of the slip traces and the etch pits revealed on the surfaces as well as of the etch pits on (001) and (11\bar1) cross-sections of the crystals are observed for the indentations made by the cone indenters of various apex-angles on the cube face of Cu single crystals. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The configurations of the slip traces and the etch pits on the surfaces depend on the apexangle α of the indenters.
(2) The interior of the indented specimens shows similar behavior in both dimensions and deformation mechanism independently of α.
(3) On the basis of the above results, the mechanism of the deformation induced by an indenter is discussed in regard to the α-dependent superficial layer and the α-independent interior of specimens, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1618K) -
加藤 登季男, 沖 猛雄1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 529-534
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーTo clarify the anodic reaction mechanism of pyrite and galena in acidic solution, measurements of the electrode potentials and anodic polarization behaviours, and galvanostatic anodizing were carried out.
(1) The electrode potentials of pyrite and galena were more positive than those of the each component metals, and pyrite acts just as the platinum in sulfuric acid solutions.
(2) Galena shows an “active-passive” behaviour similar to the lead electrode in sulfuric acid solutions.
(3) Pyrite was anodically dissolved in sulfuric, hydrochloric and nitric acid solutions, and galena in perchloric and silicofluoric acid solutions, if the conditions were appropriate.
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田上 耕司, 岡崎 謙二1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 535-539
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーGrain growth kinetics was studied in commercial Ti-4 Al (α), Ti-5 Al-2.5 Sn (α), Ti-6 Al-4 V (α+β) and Ti-5 Al-2 Cr-1 Fe (α+β) alloys. Grain growth obeyed the growth law,
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\ oindentwhere K0 is equal to K0′exp(−Q⁄kT), \barD the mean linear intercept grain size at time t, \barD0, K0′ and m material constants, respectively and Q the apparent activation energy for grain growth which depends on the impurity concentration.
The constant, m was found to be 3 for α-Ti alloys, while m for (α+β) Ti alloys increased to be 4 due to their slower grain growth rate. The values for the activation energy Qapp were calculated to be 38.2, 55.1, 56.0 and 42.5 kcal/g-atom for Ti-4 Al, Ti-5 Al-2.5 Sn, Ti-6 Al-4 V and Ti-5 Al-2 Cr-1 Fe alloys, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (358K) -
斎藤 誠, 井野 博満, 住友 芳夫1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 540-546
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーUsing the Mössbauer effect of 57Fe, the process of phase separation in Fe-Ni-Al alloys was studied with an attempt to clarify whether the separation is by the spinodal decomposition or nucleation and growth type decomposition. Two compositions, Fe1⁄2(NiAl)1⁄2 and Fe1⁄3(NiAl)2⁄3, were chosen. The specimens were annealed for various lengths of time at constant temperatures after quenching from the one-phase region, and the Mössbauer spectra were taken. The hyperfine field of 57Fe in the Fe-rich phase gradually increased with the aging time until the final value was attained, while the isomer shift of 57Fe in the paramagnetic NiAl-rich phase shifted gradually to that of 57Fe surrounded by eight Al atoms. Spreading of the width of each ferromagnetic absorption peak indicated that the Fe-rich phase did not have a definit composition but a wide distribution. These results directly showed that the Fe-Ni-Al alloy system decomposed by a spinodal decomposition mechanism.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (588K) -
川勝 一郎, 大沢 直1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 547-551
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe erosion of aluminium-base alloys by molten brazing flux, which is injurious to the brazing of thin plates and fins used for the heat-exchanger or the evaporator, was investigated in regard to aluminium brazing. Effects of flux composition, additional fluoride to flux, brazing temperature and brazing time on the erosion of aluminium-base alloys were examined. The prepared aluminium-base alloys were 1100, 3003, 5052 and high-purity aluminium (99.99%), and the employed brazing flux was a mixture of LiCl, KCl and a small amount of fluoride. The degree of erosion by molten brazing flux was examined by the amounts of wieght loss of aluminium-base alloys. The eroded surface of aluminium-base alloys was observed by an electron microscope and a scanning electron microscope.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) The erosion of aluminium-base alloys was affected by the kinds of fluoride added to the LiCl-KCl flux, especially by the addition of LiF or AlF3.
(2) The erosion of aluminium-base alloys may follow an activation process of the Arrhenius type, and the activation energies were obtained as 27.8 kcal/mol for 1100, 32.9 kcal/mol for 3003, 36.6 kcal/mol for 5052 and 38.9 kcal/mol for high-purity aluminium (99.99%).
(3) The commercial-grade aluminium 1100 was more eroded by the brazing flux than 3003 or 5052 alloy. The degree of erosion of aluminium-base alloys probably depends on the electrochemical potential difference between the matrix and the intermetallic compounds precipitated as secondary phases. The matrix of 1100 or 3003 and the intermetallic compound of 5052 were preferentially eroded.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (964K) -
木村 啓造, 美濃部 行雄, 上原 重昭, 本間 一広, 木村 隆1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 552-557
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe mode of the diffusion zone formed by reaction diffusion by annealing at the vicinity of the α\ ightleftharpoonsβ phase transformation temperature and some properties of the intermediate phases were investigated for Zr-Cu and Zr-Nb alloy-Cu couples.
ZrCu4 and ZrCu3 were predominantly formed in the intermetallic compounds zone by isothermal annealing and the thickness of each intermediate phase varied with annealing time according to the parabolic rate law. The martensitic zirconium solid solution zone containing about 2% of Cu was formed by ten times as thick as the intermetallic compounds zone above the eutectoid temperature of the Zr-Cu system. In the α-Zr temperature range, the zirconium solid solution zone was scarcely formed, and no copper solid solution zone was observed under the present experimental conditions.
The shifts of the Kirkendall marker to the Cu side showed that Cu atoms diffuse as faster than Zr atoms.
In the diffusion couple of Zr-Nb alloy with Cu, the reaction temperature at which a similar degree of the diffusion zone was formed was about 100°C lower than that for the pure Zr-Cu couple. Micro-hardness (V.H.N.) of the intermediate phases zone were about 750 to 830 and the values are higher than the synthetic compound.
In the pickling acid solution of HNO3 or a mixture of HNO3 and H2SO4, ZrCu4 and ZrCu3 dissolve quickly, but ZrCu, Zr2Cu and Zr are almost insoluble. All of the intermetallic compounds in the Zr-Cu system dissolve quickly in the acid mixture of HF.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (635K) -
吉田 勇二, 太刀川 恭治1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 558-564
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーV3Si superconducting tapes were prepared by the following two processes. Dipping Process (DP): a vanadium tape was dipped into a molten Cu-Si alloy bath (Cu-16, 24 and 30 at% Si) and subsequently heat treated. Composite Process (CP): a composite of Cu-Si alloy matrix (Cu-5.0 and 9.5 at% Si) and a vanadium core was rolled into a tape and subsequently heat treated. Effects of the silicon concentration in the Cu-Si alloy on the thickness of compound layers formed by the heat treatment, superconducting transition temperature Tc and critical current density Jc of the tapes were studied. V-Si alloy ingots were also prepared by arc-melting and the values of Tc were measured.
In DP- and CP-specimens, V5Si3 and V3Si compound layers are formed by the reaction between the vanadium core and the silicon diffused from the Cu-Si layer. Whenever silicon concentration in the Cu-Si layer is between 5 and 30 at%, the V5Si3 layer formed in the specimen is considerably thicker than the V3Si layer. Copper scarecely dissolves either in V5Si3 or V3Si and is not effective for enhancing the formation of V3Si unlike the case of the formation of V3Ga. Tc observed in DP-and CP-specimens is quite the same as that observed in the arc-melted specimen. Jc of the V3Si layer decreases with the increase of heat treatment temperature probably due to the grain growth of the compound. Critical current of DP-and CP-V3Si tapes are nearly one order of magnitute smaller than that of V3Ga tapes made by similar processes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (830K) -
田中 皓, 岸田 靖雄, 森山 徐一郎1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 564-567
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe standard free energies for the formation of UFeC2 and UWC2 were determined by E.M.F. measurements. The following fluorine concentration cells were operated in the temperature range 700 to 820°C.
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From the E.M.F. values and these temperature dependences, the standard free energies of formation of the above carbides were calculated as follows:
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田中 皓, 岸田 靖雄, 小谷 武史, 森山 徐一郎1973 年 37 巻 5 号 p. 568-570
発行日: 1973年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThermodynamic properties of the Mn-C system in the temperature range 620 to 800°C were determined by E.M.F. measurements using a single crystal of calcium fluoride as a solid electrolyte. The construction of fluorine concentration cell was
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From the relations between the E.M.F. values of above cells and compositions of MnCx, we found the existence of Mn8C3 was confirmed.
And the standard free energies of formation of Mn8C3 and Mn23C6 were calculated as follows
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