巻号一覧
38 巻, 10 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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迎 静雄, 藤原 諒1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 885-891
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn order to make clear the deformation mechanism of Fe-Ni alloys contained Ni to 9% and commercial 9%Ni steel in a low temperature range, the effects of compositions, metal structures and strain-levels on the activation parameters in deformation have been investigated using tensile strain rate controlled tests, and some considerations of the ductile-brittle transition have been attempted. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) The rate-process dislocation mechanism of Fe-Ni alloys in a low temperature range is considered to be the Peierls-Nabarro stress.
(2) The deformation characteristics of alloys which have mixed structures of ferrite and martensite, containing few percent of austenite like a 9%Ni steel, are the same as those of all ferrite structure.
(3) The stress increment Δτ with increasing strain rate tends to increase gradually with an in crease in austenite content in the ferrite matrix, but no significant variation in activation volume with austenite content is observed.
(4) From the viewpoint of physical meanings, the value of TV*=0 obtained by extrapolating V* to zero in the V* vs T1⁄2 diagrams appears to be related to the micro-crack transition temperature Tm. There is a good correspondence between TV*=0 and Tm in Fe and Fe-3.3%Ni. For Fe-6.9%Ni, Fe-9.4%Ni and 9%Ni steel, their correspondence is not made clear because the brittle fracture cannot be observed even at 77°K and accordingly TV*=0 is estimated below 77°K.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (503K) -
貴志 構造, 江田 弘1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 892-899
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe cutting mechanism of aluminium-silicon alloys, in which hard grains (silicon) are included in soft matrix (aluminium), requires a very complicated analysis, because the deformation mechanisms of the two phases are quite different. Aluminium-silicon alloys used in this paper are typical examples of those alloys since aluminium deforms by ductility but silicon shows brittle deformation. Hyper-eutectic alloys offer the possibility of optimum wear resistance and expansion behavior but pose serious manufacturing difficulties. And those alloys have been said, however, to be difficult of precision machining. Furthermore, the built-up edges (BUE) is formed comparatively easy.
In this experiment, the formation of the built-up edges was investigated with reference to the 3.0∼30.0% silicon range and its heat treatment T5, T6.
(1) The size of BUE became smaller with an increase in the silicon content. And the existence of BUE was seldom observed at above 22.0%Si content.
(2) The massive primary silicon was cut by BUE in most cases.
(3) The BUE formed by use of a diamond tool was scarcely observed in the range 3.0∼30.0%Si content.
(4) The primary silicon in the BUE was made finer than the original form, and the coarsened primary silicons ars seldom observed.
(5) The increase of the Al, Cu, Mg, Ni contents in the BUE was seldom observed as compared with the matrix, but the primary silicon increased to a certain degree.
(6) At about 8.0∼11.7%Si content where BUE become largest, the stress σn determined by the visioplasticity method is tensile stress in the neighborhood of the tool edge.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1544K) -
田中 学, 宮川 大海, 藤代 大1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 899-906
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe crystallography of the grain boundary reaction nodule has been investigated for several austenitic heat resisting steels including a 21-4 N engine value steel (21%Cr-4%Ni-9%Mn-0.5%C-0.4%N) by means of optical and transmission electron microscopy.
It was revealed that the orientation of the austenite matrix in the nodule formed by grain boundary reaction was generally the same as that of the neighboring grain but different from that of the grain in front of the nodule. This relationship was confirmed for two kinds of steels which have M23C6 or Cr2N as grain boundary reaction precipitate.
In high chromium-nickel heat resisting steels with high nitrogen and extremely low carbon contents, only Cr2N (hcp) was formed by the grain boundary reaction and the following orientation relationship was found between Cr2N and matrix in the grain boundary reaction nodule: (00·1)Cr2N\varparallel(\bar111)γ, and [11·0]Cr2N\varparallel[110]γ, i.e. the close packed plane of Cr2N is parallel to {111}γ.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1413K) -
荒井 祓彦, 永倉 充1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 907-913
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAn experimental study was made on the magnetic behaviour of 40∼70 at%Mn-Bi alloys cast with a metal mould, followed by heat treatment in a magnetic field. It was confirmed that the ferromagnetic crystallites are preferentially grown with their magnetically preferred orientation along the applied field direction. The orientation effect is enhanced with decreasing Mn content. The effect of cold rolling on magnetic properties of the oriented samples was also investigated. Particularly with 40 at%Mn-Bi alloy, excellent magnetic properties were obtained when the oriented sample was reheated in a magnetic field after cold rolling.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (690K) -
中村 勝光, 篠木 藤敏, 伊藤 昭夫1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 913-919
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーTitanium carbide films were prepared on glass substrates at 300°C by r.f. reactive sputtering in the atmosphere of argon-methane mixture.
The carbon to metal atmic ratio [C/Ti] of titanium carbide films were determined by an Electron Prove Microanalyzer (E.P.M.A.). The ratio [C/Ti] varied with changing methane partial pressure and r.f. sputtering voltage. The stoichiometric composition of titanium carbide was obtained at a methane partial pressure of 6×10−4 Torr using the r.f. sputtering voltage of 1.8 kV.
The structure of the films was studied by the electron transmission diffraction method. When the atomic ratio [C/Ti] was less than 0.06, the diffraction patterns showed the hcp structure containing carbon interstitials in the α-Ti lattice. The patterns of fcc structure of titanium carbide were observed above the level of C/Ti=0.25. The lattice parameter of the titanium carbide film corresponding to C/Ti=1.0 was a=4.30 Å.
The electrical resistivity and the temperature coefficient of resistance (T.C.R.) were measured as a function of the atomic ratio [C/Ti]. The resistivity and T.C.R. at the stoichiometric composition were 2×10−4Ω-cm (at 30°C) and 50 ppm/deg (30∼120°C), respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (679K) -
鈴木 邦夫, 石田 洋一, 市原 正樹1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 920-925
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA typical superplastic alloy, fine-grained Zn-22 wt%Al eutectoid, was strained at elevated temperatures in a 500 kV electron microscope in order to understand the mechanism of apparently “superplastic” elongation of zinc-rich grains.
Superplasticity is generally thought as a grain boundary phenomenon and not as the elongation of individual grains. Thus, the unusual elongation of zinc-rich grains was a puzzling feature of the deformation in favor of the grain deformation as the cause of superplasticity. The “in situ” observation proved that the elongated grain in fact grew at the grain boundary under the influence of the applied tensile stress. The growth rate is determined by the diffusion of zinc through the grain boundary. The apparently superplastic elongation was a diffusional creep that prevails when bulk super-plasticity is prohibited due to the thin foil geometry.
The phenomenon is not only important the for elucidation of the mechanism but also is interesting as a process to grow whiskers.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (752K) -
増本 量, 村上 雄悦, 比内 正勝1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 925-928
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーNi-Fe-Ta alloys were vacuum melted in hydrogen atmosphere over the temperature range 1050 to 1350°C and then cooled at various rates of 100 to 8100°C/hr from a temperature above their order-disorder transformation points. Magnetic properties of the alloys were improved by high-temperature heating in hydrogen atmosphere. The highest values of 75000 in initial permeability and 650000 in maximum permeability are obtained for the alloy of 73.00%Ni, 11.60%Fe and 15.40%Ta when cooled at the rate of 800°C/hr after heating at 1250°C for 0.5 or 2 hr, respectively. The latter heat-treated alloy shows a coercive force of 2.9 m Oe and a hysteresis loss of 3.9 erg/cm3/cycle for a maximum magnetic induction of 5 kG. The electrical resistivity of this alloy is 70.1μΩ-cm, with Vickers hardness 211. The high permeability of Ni-Fe-Ta alloys appears to be due to the removal of impurities, homogenization of alloys and grain growth by high-temperature heat treatment and also to the low value of magnetostriction in the proper ordering state of the alloys.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (319K) -
藤川 辰一郎, 平野 賢一1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 929-936
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSolid solubility of Au in Al was determined by measuring the electrical resistivity at 77°K of Al-Au alloys air-cooled after annealing at various temperatures for sufficient times to complete the precipitation of the equilibrium phase (AuAl2), and the following results were obtained:
(1) The solid solubility of Au in Al was determined to be 0.35 wt%(0.048 at%) at 640°C; 0.30(0.041) at 630°C; 0.25(0.034) at 615°C; 0.20(0.027) at 600°C; 0.18(0.024) at 590°C; 0.11(0.015) at 560°C; 0.075(0.010) at 530°C; 0.043(0.0058) at 500°C and 0.025(0.0034) at 470°C.
(2) From the temperature dependence of the solid solubility the excess entropy (Δs) and the (excess) heat of mixing (Δh) associated with solid solution of Au in Al were calculated to be 3.8 k and 0.9 eV, respectively. Δs and Δh for other solute elements in Al were also calculated using the available data on the temperature dependence of the solid solubility and compared with the present results.
(3) The resistivity increment caused by Au atoms in solution was found to be linearly proportional to the concentration of Au.
The impurity resistivity per atomic percentage of the impurity for Au in Al was estimated to be 2μΩ·cm/at% which was considerably larger than those for other elements including other noble metals in Al.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (624K) -
霜鳥 一三, 宮内 正視, 深沢 美治1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 937-941
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSendust alloy (Fe-9.5%Si-5.0%Al) is nowadays one of the most suitable materials for the head in the video tape recorder, but it is necessary to improve its wear resistance. A solution of this problem is to utilize a crystal anisotropy of the wear resistance. In the present study the Knoop hardness measurements were made on the (001), (011) and (111) planes of a single crystal of Sendust, because the indentation hardness of the material is known to be closely related to the abrasive wear resistance in general. The results are summarized as follows:
(1) Single crystals were obtained by passing an electron beam floating zone at a zone velocity of 2.84 mm/hr.
(2) The Knoop hardness (KHN) of each plane varies characteristically as follows:
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
(3) The max. KHN variation was observed on the (011) plane, and the value of 27% is close to those of other bcc metals.
(4) The effect of the plane of indentation on KHN was very little in the Sendust crystal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (480K) -
霜鳥 一三1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 942-949
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA mathematical expression that describes various Knoop hardness anisotropy curves in a cubic crystal was proposed by phenomenological approach based on the crystallographic symmetry. The general equation is approximately expressed as a power series up to the sixth order, where the variables are directional cosines of the crystallographic plane of indentation and the orientation of the Knoop indenter. In the cubic crystal, all the anisotropic variations can be expressed by 8 constants, but only 3 constants are necessary if the hardness is independent on the plane of indentation. When the equation is solved for the rotating angle of the indenter, ω, on a given plane, it can be rewritten as KHN=A+B·cos2ω+C·cos4ω+D·cos6ω+E·sin2ω+F·sin4ω+G·sin6ω.
Particular solutions on {001}, {011}, {111}, {012} and {112} were derived from the general equation. Then they were applied to Knoop hardness variations on {001}, {011} and {111} of the Sendust alloy crystal, and it was proved that the equation can describe the anisotropy within the error of less than 5% to the total variation in KHN. The difference in the relations between the constants was discussed for bcc and fcc metals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (594K) -
新井 透, 水谷 正義, 小松 登1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 949-958
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe boronized surface of tool steels with high Si content was observed to have a complex structure comprising α-phase and granular phase zones in addition to the boronized layers of FeB and Fe2B. The formation mechanism of the structure was studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and EPMA. The results obtained were as follows.
(1) Si was concentrated beneath the boronized layer through B impregnation, resulting in the transformation of the γ-phase into an α-phase.
(2) Granular phases of M23(C, B)6 composition were observed in the α-phase and the matrix adjacent to it. B content was higher in the former, while C content was higher in the latter.
(3) An α-phase was observed even in the boronized tool steel with low Si content. But, it was granular in shape and small in size.
(4) Elements such as Ni and Co were concentrated towards the boronized layer, while Cr, Mo, V and Mn were diluted.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3102K) -
大 伸也, 幸 善作1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 958-963
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーBy the method similar to that in the preceding work, the oxygen diffusivity in liquid tin was measured in the temperature range of 700∼930°C. By applying sufficiently large voltage to the following electrochemical cell, the oxygen in liquid tin was eliminated;
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
\ oindentThen, the change in e.m.f. with time was measured after the electric current was cut off and the oxygen diffusivity was calculated.
The diffusivity of oxygen in liquid tin was described by the following equation, and the present result is in nearly agreement with that obtained by Ramanarayanan and Rapp who used the potentiostat method.
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正藤 和男, 仁木 栄次1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 963-969
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe mass absorption coefficients for X-ray of λ=31.5 Å (NKα) and λ=67.6 Å (BKα) have been determined by the use of EPMA and a special composite target.
The composite target was prepared by means of the evaporation of Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Se, Zr, Ag, Sb, La, Gd, Au or Bi on BN base in vacuum (∼10−5 mmHg).
The mass absorption coefficients of these metals for the NKα line and the BKα line were determined from the experimental results by using the following equation:
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
\ oindentHere, I1 and I2 are the relative intensities of the NKα (or BKα) line measured from the composite target with Al surface film of t1 g/cm2 and another surface film of t2 g/cm2, respectively, where t1 and t2 are the “equivalent thickness” to each other and θ is a take-off angle of X-rays.
The results, in most cases (for absorbers of high atomic number), are considerably lower than the values in early work of Veigele et al. and in the tables of Dewey et al. on X-ray mass absorption coefficients, but they are somewhat higher than the new values of Veigele et al. The data of Gray et al. are lower in values than the present results at Z>40 and agree fairly well with each other at Z<40.
The accuracy of the present μ⁄ρ values is about 20% on the average, and the precision of the measurements is better than about 2% standard deviation in most cases.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (592K) -
天野 宗幸, 佐々木 靖男1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 969-977
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe internal friction in NbH0.43, NbH0.75 and NbH0.84 was measured in a temperature range from −170°C to 220°C. The observed internal friction was compared with the results of differential thermal analyses, electrical resistance measurements, electron diffraction and transmission electron microscopy.
Sharp damping peaks were observed at the temperature of the eutectoid transformation for NbH0.43 and the temperatures of the β-α′ transformation for NbH0.75 and NbH0.84. Each alloy also showed a peak at the temperature of phase transformation associated with the change in ordering of hydrogen in the hydride phase.
A peak which is not associated with phase transformation was found below room temperature. This peak shifted to lower temperatures with increasing hydrogen content in the hydride phase. And, it showed a frequency dependence and its activation energy was about 30 kcal/mol. High background damping was observed in the temperature range from this peak to the temperature of the eutectoid or the β-α′ transformation, and it showed a large amplitude dependence. Domain boundaries were frequently observed in the hydride phase and were very mobile under thermal stress caused by electron irradiation.
It is concluded that the peak which is not associated with the phase transformation is caused by a cooperative motion of hydrogen atoms at the domain boundaries in the hydride phase and the high background damping is attributed to the irreversible movements of the domain boundaries.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (925K) -
吉岡 正三, 目良 光男, 森井 賢二1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 977-985
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe orientation dependence of the deformation behavior of single crystals of copper during rolling deformation has been investigated by rolling 80 crystals, each having a different initial orientation. The rolling textures of an imaginary polycrystal in which the effects of the constraints of each grain from grain boundaries and neighboring grains during deformation may be ignored (“pseudopolycrystal”) were derived from the orientations attained by rolling of numbers of single crystals.
The inhomogeneities of deformation and the courses of the orientation changes in the copper single crystals were surveyed by means of optical microscopy and reflection electron diffraction technique, respectively. The deformation behavior of the rolled crystals having initially the rolling plane normals in the stereographic triangle 100-101-111 could be grouped into the following three types, depending upon the rolling direction: (1) Inhomogeneous deformation, mainly arising on the crystals having the rolling directions in the vicinity of the [\bar203]-[\bar1\bar12] orientations in a stereographic projection, (2) Abnormal lattice-rotation, found around the rolling direction in the crystals having the rolling direction near the [\bar111] orientation, (3) Homogeneous deformation, observed in the crystals with the orientations other than given above. These deformation behaviors were roughly explained in terms of the orientation dependence of the kinds and the characters of the active slip systems in single crystals during rolling.
The rolling textures of the “pseudo-polycrystal” at the reductions of 50 and 96% agreed, respectively, with the intermediate type- and pure metal type-textures which should develop in the polycrystalline copper rolled up to the corrsponding reductions. It is concluded from this fact that the contributions of grain boundaries and neighboring grains to the texture development in polycrystalline copper are not so pronounced as to alter the ideal orientations of the rolling texture.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (978K) -
須藤 一, 熊坂 一裕1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 985-990
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーCu-SiO alloy films were prepared by means of vapor deposition on glass substrates at room temperature. The films about 4 μ in thickness were used to test the mechanical properties, and the thin films about 4000 Å in thickness were used to observe the microstructure and for the measurement of electric resistivity. On these properties as a function of annealing temperature, the alloys behaved as a typical dispersion-strengthening alloy. The life to disconnection was also measured as a function of current density, and it was found that the life of alloy films was distinctly prolonged by pre-annealing at 400°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (613K) -
須藤 一, 外山 和男1974 年 38 巻 10 号 p. 990-996
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe mechanical anisotropy of cold rolled metastable austenitic steels has been studied by tensile and fatigue tests, and the results have been discussed metallographically. The levels of 20 to 25% nickel and 0.2 to 0.4% carbon were chosen, and 22% chromium-6% nickel stainless steel and pure nickel were also prepared. These materials were subjected to cold rolling, and the strength and the ductility in transverse direction were compared with those in the rolling direction. From the experiments, it was concluded that the ductility and the strength in transverse direction of cold rolled metastable austenitic steels were both superior to those in the rolling direction, probably due to the texture in the austenite phase and the characteristic distribution of stress-induced martensite plates.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (740K)
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