巻号一覧
38 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の14件中1～14を表示しています
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岡本 剛, 橘 孝二, 柴田 俊夫, 星野 清1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 117-124
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーX-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS, or ESCA was used to analyse a passive film formed on 18-8 stainless steel. ESCA spectra obtained from the passive surface treated at various potentials in 1N H2SO4 have shown distinct peaks of oxygen (OK), carbon (CK), and chromium (CrLII, CrLIII). Peaks of iron (FeLII, FeLIII) in the spectra also were observed clearly, but those of nickel (NiLII, NiLIII) were weak. The ratio of the peak height of CrLIII to one of FeLIII demonstrates a substantial enrichment of chromium in the passive film compared with the mechanicaly polished surface. Nickel is found not to be enriched. Two kinds of passive films are found, their chromium ratios depending on the formation potential. One is formed in a more basic potential region than a critical potential of 0.40 V (vs. SCE), showing an increase of chromium ratio with increase in the potential. The other having a higher and nearly constant the ratio is produced in the more noble potential region than the critical potential.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (652K) -
柴田 俊夫, 竹山 太郎1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 124-130
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAnodic behavior of SUS 304 austenitic stainless steel in 0.5 M MgCl2 has been studied at 25°C by means of a high speed elongation technique, in order to clarify the electrochemical condition for stress corrosion cracking of the steel.
Anodic current of the steel increases by the elongation due to a newly created surface. High maximum current density (imax) and rapid decay are observed at a constant potential in both of the active potential region and the passive potential region. imax increases with potential between −0.5 V (vs. SCE) and 0 V, but, above 0 V, no dependence is observed. Activation energy of imax is found to be 5.54 kcal/mol. It is concluded that the anodic reaction showing imax at the initial moment is controlled by the diffusion through the solution layer adjacent to the exposed surface.
Analysis of current decay indicates that the logarithmic type of the film growth takes place below 0 V, and the parabolic type of the growth occurs at the more noble potential than 0 V, corresponding to the change of the potential dependence of imax. The parabolic type of film growth has a close relation to pitting.
Based on the potential dependence of imax and the change in kinetics of the film growth, the electrochemical condition for stress corrosion cracking is discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (579K) -
室町 繁雄, 前 健彦1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 130-138
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe two-step aging behavior of Al-1.3 wt%Mg2Si alloy was investigated by measurments of changes of age-hardening and electric resistivity and by electron micrograph observation. The results obtained are summarized as follows.
(1) The maximum hardness of the specimen aged at temperatures below 200°C after pre-aging at room temperature was lower than that of the specimen without pre-aging. In the case of the final aging at 260°C, the maximum hardness of the pre-aged specimen was higher than that of the specimen without pre-aging.
(2) In the case of the final aging at temperatures below 200°C, the maximum hardness of the specimen pre-aged up to 500 min at room temperature decreased with rise in aging temperature, but that of the specimen pre-aged for more than 1500 min increased as the aging temperature and the length of the pre-aging time were increased.
(3) In the case of the pre-aging at 100°C, the maximum hardness of the pre-aged specimen was always higher than that of the specimen without pre-aging.
(4) The maximum hardness of the Al-1.3 wt%Mg2Si alloy containing 0.03 wt%Sn was higher than that of Al-1.3 wt%Mg2Si alloy: The negative effect of the pre-aging on the Al-1.3 wt%Mg2Si alloy was reduced by the final aging at temperatures below 200°C and the positive effect of the pre-aging increased on the final aging at 260°C by the effect of the additional element Sn.
The above results can be explained by the assumption that GP zones precipitated during the pre-aging contain the quenched vacancy and are unstable but become stable as the time proceeds, and by the the fact that GP zone formation is suppressed by the addition of Sn and consequently the precipitation of an intermediate phase is accelerated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1034K) -
竹山 太郎, 高橋 平七郎1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 138-143
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーVacancies and interstitials were produced in a solution-quenched Fe-0.025 wt% C alloy by using electrons ejected from a high-voltage electron microscope, and the effect of excess point defects on the aging behavior was studied. The specimens were irradiated for 20 min at room temperature by 650 kV electrons and heat-treated and then examined with the electron microscope operated at 350 kV which did not exceed the threshold value of iron.
The specimens aged below 240°C showed no visible precipitates in the irradiated area, but many small ε-carbide or cementite particles were observed in the non-irradiated area. As a large number of vacancies must remain in the irradiated area, it appears that supersaturated carbon atoms migrate to individual vacancies and are trapped by them to form C-V pairs (V: vacancy), resulting in the suppression of the carbide precipitation.
The dissociation of the C-V pair and the precipitation of the cementites in the irradiated area were observed at temperatures above 240°C. The C-V pair is highly stable even at the precipitation temperature of the cementite because of the high binding energy between carbon atoms and vacancies.
An unusual growth of cementite particles was observed in the irradiated area after aging above 250°C. In this case, carbon atoms leaving from the traps may contribute to the nucliation and/or the growth of the cementite. Furthermore, the vacancies may be absorbed to the cementite-matrix interface in order to release the coherency strain developed during the growth of precipitate, thus accelerating the growth of the cementite.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1277K) -
正藤 和男, 仁木 栄次1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 144-147
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe mass absorption coefficients for X-ray of 44.6 Å(=CKα) have been determined by the use of EPMA and a special composite target.
The composite target was prepared by means of the evaporation of Al, Ti, Cr, Cu, Se, Zr, Ag, Sb, La, Gd, Au or Bi on glassy carbon base in vacuum (10−5 mmHg).
The mass absorption coefficients of these metals for the CKα line were determined from the experimental results by the following equation:
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I1 and I2 are relative intensities of the CKα line measured from the composite target with the Al surface film of t1 g/cm2 and another surface film of t2 g/cm2, respectivly, where t1 and t2 are the “equivalent thickness” to each other, and θ is a take-off angle of X-ray.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (278K) -
大西 正己, 福本 弘一1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 148-154
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAu(bulk)-Al(evapolated film, 10μ) and Au (bulk)-[Al(evapolated film, 10μ)-Al(bulk)] couples were annealed over the temperature range 197 to 399°C.
At above 321°C all intermetallic compounds present in the Au-Al equilibrium diagram were detected in a diffusion zone. 80 per cent of the diffusion layer was occupied by the (Au5Al2) phase layer in which Kirkendall markers and voids were observed and the markers moved towards the Au side.
In the temperature range 197 to 399°C parabolic rate constants kW for the diffusion layer growth are given by the following equation: kW=2.02×10−2exp(−20400⁄RT). In the same temperature range the rate constants kW for the (Au5Al2) layer growth are given by the following equation: kW2=7.42×10−2exp(−22600⁄RT). The difference of the above equations means that the ratio of the (Au5Al2) layer thickness to the diffusion layer thickness decreases with decrease in annealing temperature. At lower temperatures it would be expected that the diffusion layer is occupied by the Au2Al phase layer.
The purple intermetallic compound AuAl2 existed as an extremely thin layer and developed in all cases where cracks were observed in the (Au5Al2) layer. Purple plague i.e. the development of the AuAl2 phase layer at the gold-aluminum bonding interface of semi-conductor devices, may possibly be not a cause but a result of bond failure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (777K) -
椙山 正孝, 梅田 高照, 加藤 寛1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 154-159
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe influences of the quenching operation on the solidification structure and the solute distributions at the solid-liquid interface (the S-L int.) were investigated using unidirectionally solidified Al-4.5 wt%Cu alloys.
The substructures in front of the S-L int. obtained on quenching vary with the solidification conditions. In front of the planar interface, the micro cells periodically elongate to the solidification direction and then change to the micro dendritic substructure. In front of the simple cellular interface there appear the micro cells, but not so long as those in the case of planar interface, and the cellular substructure, which seems to be equiaxed, is observed. In the case of dendritic interface, the substructure directly changes to the micro-dendritic substructure.
Next, by EPMA analysis of the solute contents at the S-L int., it is observed that the solute contents in the solid at the interface increase with the solidification factor (Gm⁄RLn, where G is the temperature gradient in the liquid and RL is the solidification rate). The solute distribution coefficient at the tip of the S-L int. is constant (about 0.15) for various solidification factors, and the effective distribution coefficient increases with the solidification factor. From these results, it is concluded that the solute distribution coefficient at the tip of the S-L int. is constant for various interface morphologies, and the solute segregation parallel to the interface increases with the decrease of the solidification factor.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (633K) -
貴志 浩三, 江田 弘, 浜田 有宣, 関口 常久1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 159-165
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe grinding mechanism of alloys, whose hard grains are in soft matrix, requires very complicated analysis, because the deformation mechanism shows extreme variation. Aluminium-silicon alloys used in this paper are a typical example, namely, aluminium deforms ductility and silicon is brittle deformation.
Therefore, focusing on the fundamental study for the practical application of the surface grinding operation, it is structually investigated how the grindability and ground damaged structures of aluminium-silicon cast alloys depend on the silicon content ranging from 3.0 to 30.0 wt%. Main results are obtainned as follows:
(1) The grinding force shows a maximum value in the range of 10.0∼17.0%Si in heavy grinding and about 8.0%Si in light grinding. The surface ronghness shows a maximum value at about 11.7%Si.
(2) Increasing the silicon content, the loading and maximum concaveness of the ground surface decrease gradually. And its change is nearly at about 17.0%Si.
(3) The deformed primary silicon of eutectic structure is observed in the order of crashed and partly disappeared silicon, cracked silicon and silicon flowing in the direction of grinding with the matrix, successively from the skin of the ground surface to the direction of depth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (917K) -
大下 隆章, 武井 英雄1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 165-170
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of working temperature and punch speed on the stretch force and the stretch height of a superplastic Zn-Al alloy were investigated. The results obtained were as follows.
(1) The stretch forces required for both the superplastic Zn-Al alloy which was water quenched from 380°C after having been heated for 1 hr (the water quenched material) and the non-superplastic alloy of the same composition which was air cooled from 380°C after having been heated for 1 hr (the annealed material) decreased linearly with the working temperature, showing a minimum at the eutectoid point 275°C. The stretch force increased with the punch speed.
(2) Under an identical working condition, the stretch force for the water quenched material was always smallar than that for the annealed material.
(3) The stretch heights of the water quenched material were remarkably large at 150∼275°C.
(4) Under an identical working condition, the stretch height of the water quenched material was always larger than that of the annealed material.
(5) When a lubricant was used, the stretch height of the water quenched material at 150∼275°C showed changes in a complex manner with increase in punch speed, but when no lubricant was used, it showed a gradual decrease. The complex change of the stretch height which was observed when a lubricant was used was probably a result of the interaction of such factors as the form or size of the tool, mechanical properties of the material, states of friction or lubrication, and punch speed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (570K) -
当摩 建, 吉永 日出男, 諸住 正太郎1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 170-176
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn examining the applicability of the dip test to measure the contribution of long range internal stress, it is found that the test can, for any internal stress distribution, be applied to the case where the dislocation velocity is propotional to the effective stress, or else the knowledge of the internal stress distribution is indispensable for the application. Further an extrapolation method is proposed to minimize the error introduced during the time necessary for the dip test. By applying this method and the above theoretical prediction to the high temperature deformation of high-purity aluminium and Al-5.7 at%Mg, it is found that the internal stress is the main component of the flow stress in pure aluminium, while the frictional stress contribution is as large as that of the internal stress in the Al-Mg alloy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (574K) -
飯田 孝道, 笠間 昭夫, 三沢 正勝, 森田 善一郎1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 177-181
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA trial has been made to formulate the surface tension of pure liquid metals by use of basic physical quantities from a practical standpoint. The effective interatomic potential was given in a simple form as a function of the melting point and atomic volume by use of Lindemann’s formula under the assumption which considers only simple potentials interacting between the nearest neighbours. Using such an approximation for the effective interatomic potential, the surface tension of pure liquid metals at the temperatures close to their melting points could be approximately expressed as follows:
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Assuming that the work necessary to separate a pair of atoms is proportional to the cohesive energy, the surface tension may also be evaluated as follows:
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On the other hand, the relation obtained for the surface tension of pure liquid metals was applied to the surface tension of molten compounds, and this result suggested that the surface tension of molten compounds at the temperatures close to their melting points would be proportional to (melting point)/(molar volume)2⁄3 as in the case of pure liquid metals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (404K) -
宮下 文彬, 宮谷 義六1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 182-185
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe simultaneous determination of bismuth, antimony and arsenic in crude lead by the polarographic method was attempted taking into consideration the effect of the co-existing tin ion in a sample.
The experimental results were as follows.
(1) It was confirmed that the lead sulfate was completely separated from the solution containing bismuth, antimony and arsenic ions.
(2) When 1 N-sulfuric acid and 0.1 N-nitric acid were used as the supporting electrolytes and 0.001%-methylene blue as the maximum suppressor, the polarograms showed a sharp curves having the levels corresponding to each bismuth, antimony and arsenic without being affected by the tin ion existing in the solution.
(3) The values of half-wave potential (V vs S.C.E.) for bismuth, antimony and arsenic were −0.03, −0.13 and −0.67 V, respectively.
(4) Based on these results, the polarographic determination of bismuth, antimony and arsenic in the standard sample was carried out simultaneously. The concentrations of bismuth, antimony and arsenic in the solution must be controlled to within the range of 2∼50 ppm for the successful performance of analysis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (284K) -
川上 隆司, 高橋 利夫, 川辺 秀昭, 山田 朝治1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 186-191
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe present paper deals with the formation mechanism of dislocations by the scratch deformation. (111) single crystal of Si is scratch-deformed by a diamond stylus along [\bar101] and [1\bar21] directions at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures. Thin foils for transmission electron microscope observations were made by thinning down the scratched specimen only from the back side through the jet chemical polishing.
The results obtained are as follows: The specimen scratch-deformed at −196°C has less dislocation density than that deformed at room temperature and dislocations have the tendency to align in a certain crystallographic direction by lower temperature deformation. The dislocation half loops observed at the scratched part at −196°C lie on {111} slip planes and have the Burgers vector of a⁄2⟨110⟩ which is consistent with the direction of the maximum Schmid factor by the scratch deformation. These dislocations are supposed to be induced by slip deformation due to the local excess shear stress during the scratching.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (993K) -
佐久間 建人, 芳賀 道穂, 西沢 泰二1974 年 38 巻 2 号 p. 192-198
発行日: 1974年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーTransmission electron-microscopic study is carried out on a pearlitic structure formed by δ-eutectoid reaction. The structure has a lamellar configuration of martensite and M23C6 phases at room temperature. The orientation relationship between these phases is verified to be
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
From this result, it may certainly be inferred that the austenite phase had an orientation relation-ship of
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with respect to the carbide phase at the transformation temperature. The habit planes of these phases are found to be {111}γ and {111}M23C6 planes, respectively. Lattice images of the carbide are also observed on this structure. The lattice images of {111}, {200}, and {220} planes of the carbide are resolved in the present study. It was found that the habit plane of the carbide can more definitely be determined by the observation of lattice images.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (983K)
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