巻号一覧
39 巻, 1 号
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渡辺 徹, 田辺 良美1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 1-7
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe microstructure and the crystallographic coherence of plated nickel films on iron substrate have been investigated by transmission electron diffraction and microscopy.
The orientation relationships between a deposited nickel film and iron substrate are
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\ oindentIn the orientation relationship of [111]Ni\varparallel[110]Fe, the misfit along the [1\bar10]Fe direction is 6.075% and the misfit along the [110]Fe direction is 33.634%. In the electron micrographs of the deposited nickel film on the (001)Fe plane, many micro-twin crystals have been observed, and the twinning plane of these crystals is (111)Ni perpendicular to the [110] direction of the iron substrate. It has been found that these micro-twin crystals make a contribution to the relief of a large coherent strain along the [110]Fe direction caused by the crystallographic misfit between an overgrowth and a substrate. The micro-twin crystals are to be called the misfit twin crystals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (728K) -
岡崎 謙二, 香川 学, 鹿子木 公春, 中山 正, 高橋 延幸1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 7-13
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of dilute titanium additions upon the recrystallization temperature and grain growth rate of iron has been investigated. Recrystallization temperature decreased rapidly with increasing Ti contents up to 0.1 at%, and increased with further increasing Ti content thereafter, while the rate of grain growth increased rapidly for increasing Ti contents up to 0.1 at%, beyond which it decreased gradually. Accordingly the apparent activation energy for grain growth exhibited a minimum value of 74 kcal/g.atom, with addition of 0.1 at%Ti, which approximately corresponds to the reported value of self-diffusion in iron. It is therefore proposed that the growth of recrystallized grains is promoted by scavenging interstitial solutes such as O, C, N and S with Ti.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (628K) -
徳永 洋一, 草場 隆1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 13-19
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA strain aging stage and its reversion process by substitutional solute atoms corresponding to the low-temperature aging in maraging steels were found from electrical resistivity measurements. Ferritic iron alloys containing 8∼16%Co and 1.5∼4.5%Mo were continuously or isothermally annealed after cold-swaging up to 75%, and then the changes in electrical resistivity were measured in liquid nitrogen. During the continuous annealing at 1°C/min, the resistivity decreased in the temperature range of 150∼400°C and increased again in the range 450∼525°C. The amounts of the resistivity decrement showed good correlation with the cold reductions and the alloy contents. The stage of the resistance decrease has an apparent activation energy of about 34 kcal per mole. This stage can be considered as the strain aging due to the rich-zone or the atmosphere formation of substitutional solute atoms in the stress field of dislocations. On the other hand, the stage of the resistance increase at higher temperatures has an activation energy of about 60 kcal per mole. And this indicates that the reversion rate-controlled by the lattice diffusion of solute atoms takes place in the ferritic matrix.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (673K) -
井口 信洋, 横田 清義1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 19-23
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe dependency of the transformation phenomenon of steels on the heating rate, especially during a rapid heating, has recently become a subject of great interest. This rapid heating transformation is essentially equivalent to the austenitization whose state has some important effects on the transformation during cooling.
In the present investigation, an auto-recording dilatometer for rapid heating was constructed, and the form of the transformation curves of thermal expansion (δl⁄l) vs temperature (θ°C) and the effect of heating rate (<500°C/sec) on the transformation points were discussed. Moreover, the Kiden model was verfied by a microscopic study of the quencehd structure during the transformation. The transformation mechanism in Armco-iron (α→γ) was also examined by comparing with other experimental data by other investigators.
The present authors indicated that the Ac3 transformation mechanism of Armco-iron was diffusionless process and diffusionable process.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (641K) -
三輪 敬之, 井口 信洋, 横田 清義1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 24-28
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper the transformation temperature of pure iron by super-rapid heating was reported. In the present study the (α+Fe3C→γ) Ac1 transformation behavior in eutectoid steel by super-rapid heating at 0∼107°C/sec was investigated using the same method as used for pure iron.
The main results obtained are as follows:
(1) The heating cycles up to the heating rate of 107°C/sec were recorded by the PbS cell heat-radiater and the dilatometer, from which the (α+Fe3C→γ) transformation temperature was determined.
(2) The increment of the transformation point from the equilibrium point (Ac1) in the eutectoid steel with heating rate (0∼107°C/sec) was determined. The Ac1f transformation curve is split up into two steps and in the lamellar pearlite specimen Ac1f was detected around 1100°C at the heating rate of 107°C/sec.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (409K) -
村田 威雄, 今井 勇之進1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 28-34
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe transient creep characteristics of the polycrystalline Fe-19 wt%Cr alloy were investigated at temperatures ranging from 600 to 800°C under stresses up to 5 kg/mm2, using the constant stress creep equipment with servo divider and the rapid heating method, developed newly for determining the activation energy in transient creep. The results obtained are summarized as follows: (1) The shape of the creep curve changes with the testing condition. In the range of creep strain below 10−3, there are cases where the incubation phenomenon is observed. The incubation phenomenon disappears when a slight prestrain (6×10−3) is applied, and is not observed at higher temperatures above 750°C or at lower stresses below 1.0 kg/mm2. (2) The temperature dependence of the initial creep rate, Vi, which is the rate just after applying a load, and of the maximum creep rate, Vm, which is the tangent at the inflexion point of the S-type creep curve, is higher than that of the steady-state creep rate, Vs, at the temperatures below the Curie temperature (about 660°C); however, at the temperatures above the Curie temperature it is lower conversely. The stress dependence of Vi and Vm is the same above and below the Curie temperature and is higher than that of Vs. (3) The activation energy for transient creep measured by the new method (heating rate=500°C/sec) shows a higher value than that for self-diffusion, and exhibits a rapid decrease as the creep strain increases within the strain range where the incubation phenomenon appears. Thus, it is thought that the incubation phenomenon is controlled by some complex process which is different from that for steady-state creep.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (636K) -
小林 紘二郎, 新宮 秀夫, 尾崎 良平1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 35-40
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe crystallographic growth habit of primary silicon crystals in hypereutectic Al-Si alloys have been studied by the use of the X-ray micro-focus Laue method.
The primary silicon crystals in untreated alloys are mostly of hexagonal plate-like shape with {111} planes parallel to the surface of the plate, and many twin traces are observable at the edges of the plate. These facts indicated the operation of the re-entrant twin mechanism of crystal growth proposed by Wagner et al. for the case of germanium crystals grown in its melt. The primary silicon crystals in sodium treated alloys are of spherical shape and composed of several grains. The external surface of the spherical primary crystals exhibits regular crystal facets and some of these facets have a twin relation with each other. The surface facets are most frequently parallel to the {111} plane but there are also some facets parallel to {100} and {211} planes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (515K) -
小林 紘二郎, 成田 舒孝, 新宮 秀夫, 尾崎 良平1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 41-47
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe distribution of sodium and the crystallography of primary silicon crystals in sodium treated hypereutectic Al-Si alloys have been studied using the micro-probe X-ray analysis and the electron channelling pattern analysis. The apparently spherical primary silicon crystal is composed of several pyramidal grains with tops at the center of the sphere. The sodium enriched regions are found at the boundaries of these pyramidal silicon grains, many of which have a twin relation with each other. The present results together with the X-ray micro-focus diffraction studies reported earlier suggest that the sperical growth of primary silicon crystals in sodium treated Al-Si alloys is the poisoning of re-entrant twin edges by sodium atoms.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1039K) -
中村 崇, 杉之原 幸夫, 柳ヶ瀬 勉1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 48-52
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper, the physical properties of the molten CaO-SiO2-TiO2 system were measured and the behavior of Ti ions in this system was discussed. For a further study of silicate melts containing TiO2, the electrical conductivity of the molten Na2O-SiO2-TiO2 system was measured using a Wien’s bridge in the temperature range of 1200∼1600°C.
The results indicate that the electrical conductivity of the melts decreased with increasing TiO2 content when the ratio of Na2O/SiO2 was 1 or 2/3, and it increased when Na2O:SiO2=1:9. In the Na2O-SiO2-TiO2 system, the amount of Na ions involved in the melts has a predominant effect on the electrical conductivity except the melts rich in SiO2, where the six co-ordinated Ti ions have some influence upon the electrical conductance. The observation of infra-red absorption spectra suggested that a part of six co-ordinated Ti ion worked as a modifier for high SiO2 melts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (414K) -
大神田 佳平, 山本 弘, 別府 淳, 稔野 宗次1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 53-60
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーCorrosion tests of Fe-30 wt%Cr-5 wt%Al, Fe-25 wt%Cr-4 wt%Ni, and Fe-27 wt%Cr-1 wt%Ni alloys were made in 90%Na2SO4+10%NaCl for 96 and 240 hr at 500, 700 and 800°C. The latter two alloys are currently in service as fire grid materials.
\ oindentThe experimental results are as follows:
(1) Fe-30 wt%Cr-5 wt%Al alloy was most corrosion-resistant in the 90%Na2SO4+10%NaCl enviroment at 800°C. Fe-25 wt%Cr-4 wt%Ni and Fe-27 wt%Cr-1 wt%Ni alloys melted in this environment at 800°C. No significant differences in corrosion resistance between the alloys were found at 500 and 700°C.
(2) From X-ray diffraction, α-NiS was detected in Fe-25 wt%Cr-4 wt%Ni alloy corroded for 240 hr at 800°C.
(3) Sigma phase was detected in Fe-25 wt%Cr-4 wt%Ni alloy corroded for 240 hr at 700°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1568K) -
大塚 俊明, 佐藤 教男1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 60-67
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA bare surface of cobalt was anodically oxidized at constant potential in neutral, deaerated boric acid-sodium borate solutions of pH 7.45 to 11.0, and the anodic oxide film was cathodically reduced at constant current to analyze the composition of the film.
The anodic polarization and dissolution curves exhibit the active dissolution of cobalt, the primary passivation in a potential range from (+0.15–0.058 pH) V to (+0.86–0.058 pH) V against SHE, the secondary passivation in a potential range from (+0.86–0.058 pH) V to (1.45–0.058 pH) V and the oxygen evolution at potentials more possitive than (1.45–0.058 pH) V. The primary passive film is identified as CoO or CoO·nH2O and its thickness is estimated by coulometry to be 12∼20 Å almost independent of the potential at which the film is formed. The secondary passive film is determined from the rate of cathodic-reductive dissolution as a spinel-type oxide Co3O4 and its thickness increases with rising potential. Above 1.10 V in the oxygen evolution region, the transpassive dissolution occurs producing a thick oxide film probably consisting of a cobaltic hydroxide CoOOH.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (687K) -
増本 量, 菊地 紀雄, 沢谷 昭八1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 67-71
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーYoung’s modulus at high temperatures, and thermal expansion and hardness at room temperature have been measured with Mn-Ni-V alloys subjected to various heat treatments and cold working. The Young’s modulus vs temperature curves of the ternary alloys annealed at 900°C indicate anomalous changes related to antiferromagnetic\ ightleftarrowsparamagnetic transformations. The temperature coefficient of Young’s modulus is greatly affected by annealing, water quenching, cold working, and reheating after cold working or water quenching; it also varies with the alloy composition. The temperature coefficient vs composition curves are also found to exhibit large positive maxima. These results show that the ternary alloys have the Elinvar characteristics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (410K) -
鈴木 朝夫, 萩原 益夫, 赤石 実, 斎藤 進六1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 71-77
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIt has been reported that the CsCl-type δ-VMn superlattice shows a large volume expansion during the order-disorder transition, and therefore the marked pressure dependence of the critical temperature, dTc⁄dP, is expected in this superlattice. In the present work the order-disorder critical temperature of an equiatomic δ-VMn superlattice has been measured at pressures up to 30 kbar by the Kennedy-type piston cylinder high pressure apparatus and differential thermal analysis.
dTc⁄dP of an equiatomic δ-VMn superlattice has been found to be 2.3∼2.5 deg/kbar, which is larger than those of β-CuZn and α-FeCo.
dTc⁄dP’s of β-CuZn, α-FeCo and δ-VMn have been estimated theoretically according to the equations of Clapeyron-Clausius and of Ehrenfest, and these values have been compared with the experimental results. A brief discussion is made on the difference between the theoretical and experimental values.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (580K) -
新井 隆, 依田 連平1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 77-81
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe tensile strength of molybdenum covered by casting with Nimonic 90, a nickel-based heat-resistant alloy, was tested at room temperature and elevated temperatures by a direct heating method.
Except at elevated temperatures, the strength of the specimen with 35% molybdenum content in volume was lower than the values expected from the so-called law of mixture. Especially the low tensile strength at room temperature is probably attributable to the notch-effect caused by a brittle fusion-bonded layer between the molybdenum and the alloy. The reason for a higher value at elevated temperatures for the 35% molybdenum specimen may be an underestimation of the assumed strength for the fusion-bonded layer.
When the tensile strength is measured by a direct heating method employed in this work, correction for the temperature difference caused by the difference in electrical resistivity is essential to obtain a reliable value.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (652K) -
芝田 隼次, 河畑 久一, 西村 山治1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 82-87
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe synergistic effect for the solvent extraction of lithium was studied with thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) and tri-n-buthyl phosphate (TBP) diluted by p-xylene. Lithium was extracted from an aqueous solution of sodium and lithium chlorides by forming a suitable adduct of a lithium chelate and the synergistic effect obtained by combining TTA and TBP was surprisingly large. On the basis of analysis of the experimental data the formula for the synergistically extracted lithium species has been found to be LiTTA·2 TBP. The extraction of lithium in this study was dependent on the pH of the aqueous phase and high extractability of lithium was obtained in the region of pH 7∼8. Therefore, this extraction system seemed to be useful for the recovery of lithium from seawater. The discussion about distribution and dissociation of TTA in the aqueous phase was done and these effects on the extraction of lithium were revealed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (483K) -
波多野 和好, 山田 俊宏, 佐々木 敏美1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 87-92
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe rolling contact fracture characteristics in hardened steels were examined with special reference to the residual stress existing in the test pieces before being subjected to the rolling contact.
Commercial S 40 C steels were induction hardened and residual stress of test pieces were controlled by mechanical finishing without changing the hardness and microstructure of the test pieces.
It was found that when Pmax (Hertzian stress) exceeds 230 kg/mm2, the number of cycles at which the surface spalling occurred is not affected by the residual stress of the test pieces before being subjected to the rolling contact. However, Pmax is less than 210 kg/mm2, a marked influence of the residual stress was found. Since there is a correlation between the mean crack length of the test pieces after being subjected to the rolling contact and the residual stress of the test pieces before being subjected to the rolling contact, it may be suggested that the residual stress retards the propagation of cracks.
Furthermore, when distinct plastic flow arises in the contact as in the case of high Pmax, it was observed that the residual stress state of the test pieces is subjected to a complete change because of the rolling contact.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (623K) -
岸 輝雄, 堀内 良1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 92-98
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn the case of pre-straining “γP” in a simple torsion test, the decrease of yield stress due to the Bauschinger effect “τB” is shown as τB=k·γPm, where k and m are constants. From this result Kishi and Tanabe proposed the kinematical hardening yield criterion as follows:
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\ oindentwhere σij′ and εij are deviatoric stress and strain tensors respectively and f is a plastic potential.
In this report, the Bauschinger effect and the planer anisotropy of pre-strained sheets, and their variations with annealing were measured and comparison of these results with the above proposed criterion was performed in Al and Al-Mg alloys.
(1) In the tension-compression test, the following relation due to the Bauschinger effect between pre-strain εP and yield stress decrease σB was obtained:
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\ oindentwhere k′ and m′ are constants and m=m′. k and k′ satisfy the relation which is deduced from the above criterion.
(2) As for the planer anisotropy of pre-strained sheets, the yield stress decreases with the increase of θ (θ is the angle between the direction of pre-straining and re-straining) and the plastic strain ratio (R-value) has a peak at θ=45°. These results are successfully verified by the above criterion.
(3) The Bauschinger effect disappear gradually with increasing annealing temperature. On the other hand, the planer anisotropy of pre-strained sheets also disappears by low temperature annealing, and this result can be quantitatively explained by the finding on the Bauschinger effect.
(4) From these results, it can be concluded that the strain induced mechanical anisotropy can be reasonably explained by the above-presented criterion, at least in a small pre-strain range.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (477K) -
大下 隆章, 武井 英雄, 山根 光夫1975 年 39 巻 1 号 p. 98-104
発行日: 1975年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe open-die extrusion experiment of both the water quenched superplastic Zn-Al alloy (the water quenched material) and the annealed non-superplastic alloy of the same composition (the annealed material) was carried out under various working conditions to investigate the effect of superplasticity on deformation phenomenon of the material. The results obtained were as follows.
(1) The reduction in height (αs) at which the water quenched material began true reverse extrusion decreased with increasing working temperature, while it increased with increasing working speed.
(2) The height of workpiece (H0βs) at which the water quenched material began true reverse extrusion increased with increasing working temperature, but decreased with increasing working speed.
(3) When the water quenched material was extruded at 250°C with lubricant, the value of αs was large and the value of H0βs was smaller than those obtained under the same conditions but with no lubricant.
(4) The reduction in height at which the material began true reverse extrusion nearly coincided with the one at which the diameter of neutral position of workepiece became equal to the diameter of the punch hole.
(5) At 250°C, the value of αs for the both materials decreased while the value of H0βs increased with increasing diameter or decreasing height of the unworked workpiece.
(6) The adaptability of the annealed material for open-die extrusion was greater than that of the water-quenched material.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (473K)
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