巻号一覧
40 巻, 11 号
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並木 美智子1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1093-1097
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーFew methods have been found so far to determine the microamounts of Nb in metal samples without any interferences with Ta. The author intended to propose a chemical method to determine a small quantity of Nb in some metals utilizing the mixed ligand complex of Nb-PDTC-PC. Chloroform-propylene carbonate (4:1) was used as an extractant without any interference with Ta. The complex formation was carried at 8 M HCl in the presence of 1∼3 ml of 2% PDTC and 1∼2 ml of 1 M PC for 0∼25 μg Nb(V), the final volume being 30 ml. The reaction was completed by allowing the reaction mixture to stand for 20 min. The complex extracted into the organic layer gave the reproducible absorbance at 445 nm and was stable for 20 min. No interference by the presence of 100 mg of Ta and/or Zr was found in the determination of 20 μg of Nb.
The proposed procedure was applied to the determination of 10−3-0.6% Nb in steel and Ta- and Zr-metals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (370K) -
佐賀 二郎, 宮田 節男1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1098-1105
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe behavior of hydrogen electrolytically occluded in pure nickel and fcc nickel-iron alloys was studied by means of X-ray diffraction.
Main results obtained are as follows:
(1) All the materials annealed and then charged with hydrogen showed peak shifts of the γ phase to the lower angles (expansion) and unsymmetric peak broadening.
(2) Two kinds of hydrides, one with a fcc structure and another a hcp structure, were precipitated by supersaturated hydrogen.
(3) The hydride Y having the fcc structure and a lattice parameter several percent larger than that of the matrix was observed in all the materials used. The other X having the hcp structure was observed in pure nickel only.
(4) The tendency for fcc hydride formation was decreased by alloying with iron, because the amount of hydrogen in solid solution increased with increasing iron content.
(5) By aging the materials at room temperatures after hydrogenating, the unstable hydride was decomposed and the matrix was contracted by the hydrogen evolution from the specimen surface. Various structural damages, however, were observed on X-ray diffraction patterns: The ε phase (hcp) stable at room temperatures was formed in nickel-iron alloys, and broadened γ peaks, far from being sharpened, still continued to broaden during the aging process.
(6) Metallographic examination of the hydrogenated specimens indicated the generation of many inter- and transgranular cracks.
(7) The formation of the cracks and broadening of γ peaks are related to the decomposition of hydride Y.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1322K) -
池野 進, 佐治 重興, 堀 茂徳1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1105-1110
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーEffects of third elements (0.04, 0.08 and 0.3 at%Zr, 0.5 at%Mg and 0.5 at%Be) on the cellular precipitation in Cu-5 at%Ti alloys were studied by microhardness measurement and optical and electron microscopy observation. The results are summarized as follows.
(1) On ageing at 450°C, the cellular precipitate reaction was extremely retarded by the addition of Zr, and only small amounts (5∼6%) of cellular precipitates were observed even in a very later stage of the ageing process in 0.3 at%Zr alloys.
(2) The growth rate of cellular precipitates was found to decrease exponentialy with increase in Zr content.
(3) The wave lengths of modulated structures were not charged by the small addition of Zr. Accordingly, the effects of Zr addition on the increase of hardness (due to modulated structure) were not observed.
(4) No effect of addition of Mg on the cellular precipitation was observed, while the cellular precipitation was slightly retarded by the addition of Be.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (930K) -
宮本 毅信1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1111-1116
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーMagnetic aftereffect was investigated for semi-columnar Alnico 5, columnar Alnico 5, columnar Alnico 8 and anisotropic Fe-Cr-Co alloys by a nuclear magnetic resonance method. The magnitude of the aftereffect was expressed by the amount of specific loss in remanent magnetic induction during one decade of time S10. The referring time was taken at 10 sec after magnetizing. The magnetic aftereffect depends on the operating point, the temperature and the pre-stabilization by a DC pulse field. These results were compared with Néel’s theory on the aftereffect.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (491K) -
伊藤 勲1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1117-1122
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAn experimental investigation into the morphological stability of α⁄β phase interfaces in the Cu-Zn system at 700°C was undertaken. Using two-phase infinite diffusion couples, all with the same α terminal composition but with various β terminal compositions, the transition from a planar to a nonplanar α⁄β interface was indexed. The transition corresponded to the reversion of the direction in which the interface moved. The nonplanar interfaces were formed in the diffusion couples with initial zinc contents of β-brasses lower than that of about 44.5 wt%Zn and the interfaces moved in the direction of β-phase.
It is well known fact that ignoring the effects of preferential grain boundary diffusion and anisotropic crystal growth, it is impossible for a binary isothermal diffusion couple to sustain a nonplanar interface. The experimental results showed that the formation of the nonplanar α⁄β interface in the Cu-Zn system originated in the preferential growth of needle-like α-phase crystal in the ⟨111⟩ direction into a matrix of β-phase. Such occurrence of the preferential growth was supposed to be associated with the special characteristic of β-phase crystal which had a large elastic anisotoropy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (777K) -
藤原 幸一1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1122-1130
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe objective of this paper is to determine the influence of surface impurities caused by various surface treatment on the adhesion of gold and copper whose force was measured by the twist compression bonding method. As a result of analyses of various surfaces using IMA, ESCA, XMA and SEM, it was found that the surface impurities were intimately related to surface treatments and clean surfaces could be obtained by diamond bite cutting, chemical polishing and steel filing. The adhesion of metals depended upon surface treatments and was markedly reduced by abrasive paper finishing. Among the surface contaminations silicon oxides remarkably reduced the adhesion. It was also observed that the adhesion force of metals without contamination was decreased by the repetition of contacts and the number of revolutions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (781K) -
重松 利彦, 金井塚 唯人, 可知 祐次1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1131-1134
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThermal expansivity measurements were made on polycrystalline sintered (Mn1−xCrx)B and (Mn1−xFex)B. These compounds show an anomalous thermal expansivity, similar to that of the invar alloys. Near the Curie temperature MnB shows a steep descent in the thermal expansivity curve, leading to a large negative thermal expansion coefficient. With the addition of Cr, the thermal expansion coefficient below the Curie temperature becomes smaller. The mean thermal expansion coefficient of (Mn0.88Cr0.12)B from 100 K to 500 K is about 1×10−6 deg−1. This anomaly is explained as being a result of a large spontaneous volume magnetostriction. Magnetovolume effect of these materials are discussed on the basis of the band model of ferromagnetism.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (333K) -
平岡 裕, 長村 光造, 村上 陽太郎1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1134-1140
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn order to determine experimentally the scattering power of the G.P.zones in Al-Zn-Si, Al-Zn-Ag and Al-Zn-Mg alloys, in which the effect of a small amount of third elements Si, Ag and Mg on the formation and growth of G.P.zones is known to be different from each other, the changes in electrical resistivity and X-ray small-angle scattering during aging at 20°C have been measured. It is shown that the size dependence of the scattering power of a G.P.zone in each ternary alloy is explained in terms of the difference of the solute concentration in zones and the effect of the third elements in zones on the scattering power, especially for the Al-Zn-Ag and Al-Zn-Mg alloys.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (598K) -
田上 耕司, 仙場 謙次, 岡崎 謙二1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1140-1144
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーStress-strain curves of sintered pure molybdenum were analyzed by the Crussard and Jaoul method that assumes the Ludwik equation, σ=σ0+hεn. Also, the effects of temperature (292∼550°K) and stain rate (10−6∼10−2 sec−1) on the constants h and n were studied. Obviously, the Crussard and Jaoul plot exhibited a “double-n behavior”. Both temperature and strain rate had no influence upon the parameters n1, n2 and h1, while an increase in temperature resulted in the decrease in h2 (h at ε>ε1) and ε1, the latter being independent of strain rate. The double-n behavior was discussed with the aid of a dislocation model reported by Bergström, and it was concluded that ε1 did not correspond necessarily to the plastic strain for the formation of cell structures.
σ0 (=σ−hεn) was independent of the plastic strain, but varied strongly with temperature and strain rate. Again, σ0 could be divided into two components, i.e. σ0=σ*(T, \dotε)+σμ1, where σμ1 was estimated to be 5.0 kg/mm2. Subsequently, σ* was calculated to be 23.3, 10.0 and 3.5 kg/mm2 at 292, 350 and 420°K, respectively for \dotε=3.3×10−4 sec−1, and they are in a good agreement with the previous results from stress relaxation tests. Finally, logσ* versus log\dotε plots showed a good linear relation, and the dislocation velocity-stress exponent, m* (=dln\dotε⁄dlnσ*) was deduced to be 6.5 independent of test temperatures above 292°K.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (429K) -
丸野 重雄, 糟谷 修身, 匹田 茂行1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1145-1151
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーDirect observation and X-ray analysis of oxide films formed on Fe-Cr-Al alloys with high aluminum content were made by SEM with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer and by EPMA. The alloys were heated in air at 1150, 1200, 1250 and 1300°C for 1 hr, respectively. SEM observation of the oxide films shows that a large number of fine granular crystals of aluminum oxide (α-Al2O3) formed at temperatures lower than 1200°C grow to rectangular α-Al2O3 crystals with about 0.6∼1.0 μ in size at 1300°C and that the oxide film structure becomes porous with increase in heating temperature. The formation of the alumina film is not essentially connected with alloy grain boundaries but is pronounced at the parts of the sharp microridges on the alloy surface. The crystals of the anomalous oxides produced on the alloy surface mainly consist of α-(Cr, Fe)2O3 which is a solid solution of chromium in α-Fe2O3. However, the formation of chromium oxides in which iron is occluded was recognizable within the considerable anomalous oxides, where the spalling of alumina film had occurred. A needle-shaped-alumina, in which calcium is occluded, was also observed at around the anomalous oxides formed on the specimen that had a calcium oxide adhesive firmly to the surface.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (960K) -
大平 俊朗, 鰐部 吉基, 伊藤 公允, 坂尾 弘1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1152-1157
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe thermal reduction of CaO with Al was studied under 10−3 mmHg of pressure and in the range of 1040 to 1195°C. The composition of products was analyzed with a X-ray spectrometer using the internal standard method.
Products were found to be the calcium aluminate of the formula 3CaO·Al2O3, 12CaO·7Al2O3 and CaO·Al2O3. From these results, the following reactions were assumed:
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The reduction rate was increased with increasing Al addition, while the Al efficiency was decreased. It was found that the optimum apparent density was 1.475 g/cm3. The reduction rate was also influenced seriously by the specific surface area of the briquet.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (445K) -
和田 敏哉, 黒木 克郎, 原勢 二郎1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1158-1163
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSingle crystals of 3%Si-Fe alloy have been used for a study of the formation of rolling and annealing textures. It is known that when a 3%Si-Fe (110)[001] single crystal is cold rolled, (110)[001] decreases and the crystal rotation towards (111)[112] occurs, and upon annealing after 70% cold reduction it recrystallizes back to its original (110)[001] orientation.
The present insestigation aimed at clarifying the relationship between the residual (110)[001] component in the deformed texture and the recrystallized (110)[001] texture through microscopic observation, X-ray stress measurement, hardness measurement and electron microscopic observation.
The (110)[001] component is preserved as a minor component between deformation bands rotated towards a (111)[11\bar2] orientation. The hardness and stress measured by X-ray are always larger in the (110)[001] component than in the components rotated towards (111)[11\bar2]. On annealing, the (110)[001] component is shown to recover earlier than the rotated components in the 70% deformed crystal. However, under 60% deformation, the (110)[001] component is slower in recovery than rotated components.
Recrystalized grains appeared at or contiguous to the boundaries of deformation bands where (110)[001] seems to have been preserved. From these facts, it is concluded that the most strained component, namely the (110)[001] component, in the deformed texture leads to the (110)[001] recrystallized texture in the 70% cold-rolled (110)[001] single crystal.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1239K) -
斎藤 卓, 佐久間 健人, 西沢 泰二1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1164-1172
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーDelta-eutectoid structure consisting of austenite (transformed to martensite on quenching) and alloy carbide was obtained by carburization of αFe-M binary alloys. The carburization temperature for obtaining the eutectoid structure ranged from 850 to 1300°C depending upon the content of the alloying element M. The eutectoid structure obtained was lamellar in αFe-Cr alloys and mostly fibrous in αFe-V and αFe-Ti alloys. In αFe-Mo and αFe-W alloys, the structure was intermediate between lamellar and fibrous. The growth rate v was estimated to be controlled by the diffusion rate of carbon atoms through the austenite in the eutectoid structure. The inter-lamellar spacing S was related to the depth of the reaction front ξ as given by the equation: S2\simeqk·ξ, where k is a constant depending upon the diffusivities of carbon and the alloying element M, the carbon content in the austenite, and the composition of the carbide. The relationship between growth rate and inter-lamellar spacing was found to be vS2\simeq4DMI·λ, where DMI is the diffusion coefficient of the alloying element M along the interface at the reaction front, and λ is the thickness of the interface.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1323K) -
水流 徹, 春山 志郎1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1172-1177
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーConductance measurements have been carried out of a thin copper film electrode under galvanostatic polarization conditions in a neutral borate buffer solution of pH 8.39, and the conductance- and potential-coulomb diagrams during the formation and reduction of surface oxides have been obtained. Results revealed that the anodic oxide films on Cu were Cu2O, CuO and Cu2O3. The amount of Cu2O formed was almost independent of potential, except for a peak value at −0.1 V. CuO was found to form at potentials more noble than 0.0 V and Cu2O3 more noble than 0.6 V. The thickness of these two oxides increased with increasing potential. The total thickness of the oxide films formed by potentiostatic oxidation for 5 min was 10∼30 Å. In the galvanostatic reduction, the oxides were reduced successively, Cu2O3→CuO→Cu2O→Cu; reactions CuO→Cu2O and Cu2O→Cu were confirmed by resistometry. During an open-circuit decay, Cu2O3 dissolved chemically and CuO was diminished by reaction of Cu+CuO→Cu2O. In galvanostatic oxidation, it was found from resistometry that the anodic formation of Cu2O and CuO occurred similtaniously with a higher ratio of CuO at more anodic potentials.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (480K) -
清水 紘治, 島田 平八1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1178-1184
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe authors are studying the mechanical behavior of the aluminium bicrystals and the results concerning the non-isoaxial bicrystals were already presented. In this investigation, systematic experiments were carried out forthe isoaxial bicrystals prepared from seed crystals of the desired orientation. The photoelastic coating and moiré methods were used for the experimental analysis. Since the results which were obtained by the photoelastic coating method were already reported, the newly observed phenomena by the moiré method are presented in this paper.
In the bicrystals whose crystal orientation of the tensile axis is ⟨111⟩, the strain distribution is nearly uniform and there is little restriction on strain in the vicinity of the grain boundary, but there arises a relative rotation between the two component crystals with respect to the grain boundary when the angle of the grain boundary θ is 30°∼90°. On the other hand, in the bicrystal specimens with θ=0° and the crystal orientation whose Schmid factor is approximately 0.5, there arises a rotation without shear in some region of the specimen. In the specimen with θ=30°∼90° the strain in the vicinity of the grain boundary is strongly restricted and moreover there arises a rotation without shear only in this restricted region.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (636K) -
諸石 大司, 志田 善明1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1184-1192
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリー2\frac14Cr-1Mo steel is a candidate for the construction materials of the LMFBR secondary system. The effect of heat treatment and metallurgical structure on the decarburization behavior of the steel in sodium was studied.
Fourteen kinds of heat treatment were performed on 2\frac14Cr-1Mo steel sheets in order to obtain almost all the possible metallurgical structures. Test specimens cut from those sheets were immersed in a static sodium pot, in which titanium sponges were contained as carbon and oxygen absorbers. The tests were conducted at temperatures from 550 to 700°C, for up to 4000 hr. Carbon analysis, metallographic and X-ray diffraction examinations were done to interpret the decarburization behavior of the specimens in terms of heat treatments and metallurgical structures.
The conclusions are as follows.
(1) Heat treatment condition affects the decarburization rate or 2\frac14Cr-1Mo steel in sodium. This is more remarkable in the lower test temperatures.
(2) Metallurgical structures can be ranked in the order of decarburization resistance as follows; tempered martensite, tempered bainite, pearlite, martensite, and bainite. Bainite of higher carbon content is less favorable.
(3) The decarburization rate seems to be controlled by the dissolution process of carbides and accordingly is related to the stability of carbides. Dissolution of M3C is rapid and is considered to be controlled by carbon diffusion is the dissolution process.
Heat treatment is considered one of the most important factors, when 2\frac14Cr-1Mo steel is used in the high temperature sodium environment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1217K) -
高橋 実, 宮崎 照宣, 小野 文久, 高倉 敬一1976 年 40 巻 11 号 p. 1192-1197
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAn experimental study of the annealing effect upon the magnetic properties such as hysteresis loop and domain structure and also upon electrical resistivity and X-ray diffraction pattern has been carried out for rapidly quenched Fe80P13C7 amorphous alloy.
The results are summarized as follows: (1) With increasing annealing temperature, a square-shaped hysteresis loop with Hc\fallingdotseq0.07∼0.13 Oe in the rapidly quenched state becomes declined and the Hc slightly decreases to take a minimum of 0.04 Oe on annealing at around 350°C. However, Hc abruptly increases up to 120∼150 Oe after annealing at about 420°C, the crystallization temperature. (2) The fingerprint-type domain observed in the quenched state becomes smaller and when annealed below about 300°C, its pattern changes from a maze to a 180° domain through the stripe domains. After annealing at around 400°C, the 180° domain disappears. (3) The electrical resistivity increases from 160 to 210 μΩ·cm, reaches a broad maximum (220∼250 μΩ·cm) after annealed near 300∼350°C and then decreases to a constant value of 120 μΩ·cm beyond 500°C. (4) The halo pattern observed in the quenched state does not show any change with annealing below about 400°C. When it is annealed in the vicinity of the crystallization temperature, the diffraction lines corresponding to α-Fe and Fe3P appear first and then those for Fe3C appear with a further increase in temperature.
The reason for the low coercive force in the amorphous state and its change with annealing below the crystallization temperature are discussed on the basis of the fluctuation model for the internal stress caused by the rapid quenching. The high Hc after the crystallization is also discussed in terms of the shape anisotropy of the precipitating crystallites of α-Fe and Fe3P alloys in the matrix of a highly strained state of Fe-P-C alloy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (803K)
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