巻号一覧
40 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の17件中1～17を表示しています
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浅輪 光男1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 433-438
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーStressed 18-8 austenitic stainless steel wires were fractured at 90°C in sulfuric acid solutions containing sodium halides or sodium arsenite, the effect of which on the transition probability into the fracture was examined. The results showed that the transition probability increased with time and the change of the probability was smaller in the acid containing the bromide, iodide or arsenite than in the acid with the chloride. Anodic current applied to the steel in the acid containing the chloride or the bromide made the change of the probability large.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (568K) -
浅見 勝彦, 橋本 功二, 下平 三郎1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 438-444
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーFe2+ and Fe3+ contents of the specimen produced by heating of α-Fe2O3 at 380°C in ultra-high vacuum were determined with ESCA by two different methods. In the first method, the following equation has been derived from theoretical photoelectron intensity:
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In the equation, cFe is the weight fraction of Fe, λA is the escape depth of electron in a given level of element A and rA=IAHρLcAL⁄IALρH where A corresponds to Fe and O, ρ is the density of specimen and IA is the measured phrotoelectron intensity. Superscripts L and H denote the values at 50 and 380°C, respectively. cFeH was determined by assuming cFeL, ρL, ρH and λ∝(kinetic energy of electron)0.5. In the second method, intensities of Fe3+ and Fe2+, IFe(III) and IFe(II), were determined by the following empirical equations:
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\ oindentwhere X3 and X2 are observed intensities of Fe 2p3⁄2 spectrum measured at peak positions of Fe3+ and Fe2+ states.
The molar ratios of Fe2+ and Fe3+ to O were estimated to be 0.211 and 0.526 by the first method and 0.190 and 0.540 by the second method. The good agreement in the results obtained by different methods suggests high reliability of the methods. The second method is suitable for general use without any special condition, but the first one is applicable only under certain strict conditions. The equations given by the second method are for bulk crystalline oxides and the different factors in the equations are also proposed for thin amorphous films such as passive films.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (566K) -
木村 弘, 下尾 聰夫, 中村 秀樹, 河合 正雄1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 444-451
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThis study was made on the absorption of nitrogen in CaO-SiO2 binary slag with or without carbon saturated iron. The rate of silicon transfer from slag to metal was also measured.
The apparent activation energy of nitrogen absorption was about 150 kcal/mol. The rate of nitrogen absorption increased as the activity of lime, the slag-graphite interfacial area, and the initial content of silicon in metal increased. The nitrogen absorption which depended on the slag-metal interface was accelerated with decrease in its area. These results suggest that the reaction of nitrogen absorption proceeds electrochemically and its rate is controlled by a chemical reaction.
The present results on the reaction of silica reduction agreed with the previous reports studied under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide or argon.
As the cathodic current for silica reduction was much larger than that for nitrogen absorption, it was supposed that the mixed potential of system was approximately determined by the large polarization of silica reduction. Therefore, the rate of nitrogen absorption was considered to be greatly affected by the reaction of silica reduction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (606K) -
木村 弘, 下尾 聰夫, 中村 秀樹, 河合 正雄1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 451-457
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThis study was made on the reaction of the nitrogen transfer between CaO-SiO2 binary slag and carbon saturated iron melted in graphite crucible under an atmosphere of nitrogen, where the reactions of nitrogen absorption in slag and silica reduction to metal occurred simultaneously.
The rates of nitrogen transfer were expressed by a zero order reaction for the forward reaction (from slag to metal) and a second order reaction for the backward reaction. The apparent activation energies were 47 kcal/mol for the forward reaction and 62 kcal/mol for the backward reaction. The forward reaction was promoted by the increase of the activity of silica in slag up to aSiO2=0.6 and then became extremely slow. Furthurmore, the rate of the forward reaction decreased as the slag-graphite, slag-metal interfacial area and the initial content of silicon in metal increased. While the rate of the backward reaction was also reduced by the increase of the slag-metal interfacial area, it was scarcely affected by the other variables.
From these results, it is considered that the reaction of nitrogen transfer from slag to metal proceeds electrochemically and nitrogen in metal is partially removed to CO bubbles formed at the slag-metal interface. It appears that the rates of each reaction is controlled by chemical reactions and is greatly influenced by the advance of the reaction of silica reduction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (527K) -
関根 和喜, 吉村 修, 井上 威恭, 上城 太一1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 457-465
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSlip rotations of crystals undergoing constrained plastic deformation have been interpreted by utilizing the concept of grain boundary disclinations. It was considered that the plastic deformation of crystals is caused by the creation and motion of lattice dislocations and the slip rotations correspond to the creation and motion of grain boundary disclinations. From a general equation for force on disclination loops continuously distributed on a grain boundary defined as a closed surface, a yield criterion for the slip rotations, which defines the state of stress which determines the onset of rotations, was established. This yield criterion was defined by a scalor function that could be expressed in terms of the anti-symmetric parts of stress tensor. Therefore, in the proposed theory it was considered that the finite number of yield surfaces for slip systems and slip rotation were simultaneously activated in nine-dimensional stress space.
By using the proposed yield criterion of rotations, the maximum work procedure of Bishop-Hill was developed for analysis of lattice rotations under constrained deformation. The proposed procedure was applied to calculations of lattice rotations of fcc metals deformed by axisymmetric flow, employing the computational technique for optimization problems with nonlinear constraints. The computed results were in reasonable agreement with the experimental ones of tension and compression textures of fcc metals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (794K) -
中井 弘, 高沢 寿佳1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 466-473
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe corrosion of nickel in various Ar-SO2 atmospheres was investigated at 550∼950°C. Generally the reaction kinetics was complex, and classified into 4 groups by the temperature range. This complexity was considered to be due to the remarkable change of scale adhesiveness to metal with temperature, by microscopic observations of scale and the experiment in which the corrosion temperature was changed in the course of reaction. Further the weight-gain vs temperature curves show a maximum at about 850°C in any given atmosphere. Because the diffusivity of nickel is promoted by the increase in sulfur content in NiO with decreasing temperature, it is lowered as well as promoted with increasing temperature.
The scale consisted of an outer NiO layer and an inner Ni3S2 layer. The outer NiO layer contained Ni3S2 particles except above 900°C. At about 800°C a great number of “needles”, which consisted of NiO and Ni3S2, were formed on the scale surface. They seem to be formed by the protrusion of molten sulfide on the scale surface.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1028K) -
田井 英男, 中島 信一, 堀 茂徳1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 474-479
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーBand gap energies of (CdTe)1−x-(CdSe)x and (CdTe)1−x-(CdS)x systems as a function of the composition were determined by diffuse reflectance measurement near the fundamental absorption edge for the micro-crystalline powder.
The band gap energies of these systems deviate from a straight line interpolation of the band gap energies of the end components. In the compositionial range 0.4≤x≤0.55 for (CdTe)1−x-(CdSe)x system and x=0.225 for (CdTe)1−x-(CdS)x system, we got the samples with zinc blende or wurtzite structures for same composition. The band gap energies of these samples with wurtzite structure were higher than those of zinc blende structure by about 0.03∼0.06 eV.
Bowing parameters calculated by the dielectric model proposed by Vechten were compared with the experimental values.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (489K) -
森永 健次, 杉之原 幸夫, 柳ヶ瀬 勉1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 480-486
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーIn order to determine the oxygen coordination numbers of Fe ions in the melts, Mössbauer spectra of Fe ions in silicate and posphate glasses have been measured and the distributions of Fe3+ (tetr.) and Fe3+ (oct.) in CaO-SiO2 or Na2O-SiO2 systems have been calculated. The results indicate that the ratio of Fe3+ (oct.)/Fe3+ (tetr.) is varied with the basicity of glasses and Fe2O3 contents. In the glasses containing 10 mol%Fe2O3, Fe3+ (tetr.) is predominant for basic samples, and Fe3+ (oct.), on the other hand, for acidic glasses. The ratio of Fe3+ (oct.)/Fe3+ (tetr.) increases with increasing Fe2O3 content.
The constitution of Fe3+-oxygen complex anions is also discussed in terms of the ratio of Fe3+ (oct.)/Fe3+ (tetr.).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (558K) -
多賀 康訓, 中島 耕一1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 487-491
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーFriction and wear of Cu-Zn alloys containing 8∼57%Zn against 18Cr stainless steel disc were studied by means of electron micrography and Auger electron spectroscopy. From the rate of wear and the coefficient of friction it became obvious that the behavior of Zn in the surface played an important role in controlling the wear and friction properties of the alloys, and that with increasing amount of zinc oxide the coefficient of friction decreased but the rate of wear increased.
Finally, some informations were obtained about the concentration changes of Zn in α-, β-, and γ-phases with the friction process. These results were discussed in relation to the diffusion rate of Zn in the matrix.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (517K) -
岸 輝雄, 小幡 義彦, 田中 博, 榊原 安英, 堀内 良, 青木 顕一郎1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 492-498
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーAcoustic emission behavior under cyclic deformation was studied with the use of pure aluminum. An acoustic emission peak accompanied by the Bauschinger effect was newly found, and we call this peak “Bauschinger peak”. The characteristic and mechanism of this peak were as follows: (1) This peak was observed with the appearance of irreversible reverse plastic strain, and the peak height decreased with increase in the number of cycles and took a constant at the saturation stress. (2) The peak height and the reverse plastic strain at which a maximum of the peak was attained increased with increase in the strain amplitude. (3) The peak height increased with increase in strain rate, but its strain rate dependence was not so simple as that of simple tensile deformation. This result shows that there exists an increment of acoustic emission signals due to the Bauschinger effect. (4) From the above results in addition to the observation of microstructure, it is very likely that this peak is strongly related with the dislocations easily mobile in cells during stress reversal, with the aid of internal stress, which may annihilate each other in this region.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (640K) -
昆 謙造, 大谷 南海男1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 498-502
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーStress corrosion cracking (SCC) tests of Al-4%Cu single crystals, prepared by the Bridgman method, were carried out in 5.7%NaCl+0.3%H2O2 and 5.7%NaCl+0.3%HNO3 solutions. The characteristics of crack growth in SCC were analysed by the mechanochemical mechanism proposed previously. The results obtained are as follows:
(1) SCC of Al-4%Cu single crystals occurs due to preferential attack along (100) traces in both solutions. The number of cracks was independent of applied stress and temperature.
(2) There is a relation, c1⁄2∝t, between crack length (c) and time (t), and a relation, c1⁄2⁄t∝σa, among c, t and applied stress, (σa).
(3) c increases linearly with strain (ε) at constant σa, and c⁄ε is nearly proportional to 1⁄σa2 when the degree of strain hardening is scarcely altered by σa.
(4) There is a relation, dc⁄dt∝K, between crack growth rate (dc⁄dt) and stress intensity factor (K).
(5) Activation energy obtained from the temperature dependence of ε⁄t2 in SCC is estimated to be 22 kcal/mol. According to the mechanochemical mechanism, the activation energy of the dissolution process of newly exposed slip planes is calculated to be 4.2 kcal/mol. The results mentioned above imply that the mechanochemical mechanism is valid for the SCC of Al-4%Cu single crystals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (433K) -
田中 吉秋, 太刀川 恭治1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 502-508
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSuperconducting V3Ga tapes and multifilamentary wires have been fabricated by a composite process in which a composite of the Cu-Ga alloy matrix and vanadium cores is mechanically deformed and then heat treated. Cu-Ga solid-solution alloys with less than 20 at%Ga are ductile enough to be deformed into thin tapes or wires. Above the solid-solubility limit of ∼20 at%Ga, the deformability of the alloy rapidly decreases due to the precipitation of phase. Diffusion reaction between the Cu-Ga alloy and the vanadium have been investigated in relation to the heat treatment condition and the composition of the Cu-Ga alloy. In the composite processed specimen, only the V3Ga compound layer is formed by the diffusion reaction and any other compounds richer in gallium are not formed. The lower limit of the matrix gallium concentration for obtaining the V3Ga layer at 700°C is about 13 at%. Growth rate of the V3Ga layer increases with increasing matrix gallium concentration, heat treatment temperature and time. The V3Ga growth rate at 700°C in the composite processed specimen with 18–20 at% gallium matrix is nearly two orders larger than that in the V-Ga diffusion couple and is the same order as that in the surface diffusion processed specimen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (863K) -
田中 吉秋, 太刀川 恭治1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 509-514
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーEffects of the Cu-Ga alloy matrix composition and the heat treatment condition on the superconducting properties of the V3Ga composite tapes have been investigated. The composite tapes were prepared by fabricating a composite of a vanadium core and Cu-Ga solid-solution alloy matrix and subsequently by heat treating at temperatures 625∼800°C for 1∼100 hr. Critical temperature, Tc of 15.1 K and critical current density, Jc of 1×105 A/cm2 at 4.2 K, 170 kOe, which are equivalent to those for the V3Ga tapes made by the so-called surface diffusion process, have been obtained. The highest upper critical field, Hc2 measured at 4.2 K is about 208 kOe. Jc of the tape is greatly affected by both the Cu-Ga alloy composition and the heat treatment condition. Higher Jc is obtained in the specimen with higher matrix gallium concentration and heat treated at lower temperatures. Specimens heat treated at higher temperatures and for longer times show pronounced “peak effect” at a magnetic field of about 170 kOe. At magnetic fields below 100 kOe, Jc seems to be strongly related to the V3Ga grain size. At the peak field, however, Jc is nearly independent of the heat treatment condition, i.e. the V3Ga grain size. The present study reveals that V3Ga superconductors with high Tc, Hc2 and Jc can easily be produced by the composite process, in which the most proper matrix gallium concentration is 18–20 at% and the heat treatment condition is at 625°C for 20∼100 hr.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (511K) -
田中 吉秋, 伊藤 喜久男, 太刀川 恭治1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 515-521
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーMicrostructures of V3Ga layers formed in the composite-processed V3Ga tape have been observed by a scanning electron microscope and the effect of V3Ga grain morphology on superconducting critical current density Jc has been investigated. At low heat treatment temperatures nearly equiaxed grains with small diameters of about 0.4 μm are formed at the interface of the vanadium core and the Cu-Ga alloy; at high heat treatment temperatures columnar grains with larger diameters are grown perpendicularly to the vanadium core. The anisotropy of Jc has been investigated with respect to the direction of the columnar grain axis and that of the applied magnetic field. In low fields, Jc (H⊥) measured in perpendicular field is considerably larger than Jc (H\varparallel) measured in parallel field. Jc’s are inversely proportional to the diameter of the V3Ga grain and the Jc anisotropy is closely related to the shape anisotropy of the V3Ga grains. The results on Jc obtained in low fields agree well with existent theories, considering the grain boundary flux pinning. Jc (H\varparallel) shows a pronounced peak effect at a field around 170 kOe and above the peak field Jc (H\varparallel) is nearly identical with Jc (H⊥). In high fields, however, grain boundaries become less important for the flux pinning and other finely distributed pinning centers, e.g. martensite-lamella boundaries seem to play an important role.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (867K) -
辻本 得蔵1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 521-526
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSide-bands are replaced by the diffraction lines of α1 and α2 phases at a later stage of aging. Main diffraction lines move to a high-angle side with aging time, decreasing their intensities, and finally they encounter the diffraction lines of the α1 phase or disappear on the way. It is shown on diffraction theory that the former phenomenon results from the increase of distance between zone-complexes due to aggregation, and that the diffraction lines of the α1-phase and α2-phase arise from the outer-zone and the inner-zone of zone-complex, respectively. The latter phenomenon represents decreases of the solute concentration and the volume of matrix and is related to the diffusion of solute atoms on growth of inner-zone. The coincidence of the main diffraction lines with α2-phase diffraction lines or their disappearance means the completion of the transition from a 3-phase model for the concentration variaton of solid solution to a 2-phase model. The titanium concentrations of the outer- and the inner-zone are estimated from the diffraction angles of the α1-phase and the α2-phase line, and the metastable equilibrium diagram for titanium rich region of the Cu-Ti binary system have been proposed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (538K) -
中澤 重厚, 矢沢 彬, 谷内 研太郎1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 526-533
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA Knudsen cell-quadrupole mass filter combination system was constructed for the purpose of studying the physical chemistry of metallurgical solutions.
This analyzer was employed because of several advantages inherent in its measuring principles.
The applicability of the apparatus for the determination of activities was examined by conducting the measurement of activities in the liquid Cd-Zn system. The system was chosen because of experimental easiness, i.e., low fusing temperature of the alloy and similar vapor pressures of the components. Furthermore, the comparison with the literature data can be made. Ion intensities of the principal isotopes of the components (48114Cd and 3064Zn) which are thought to be proportional to the equilibrium partial pressures over the alloy were recorded over the temperature range 450∼700 K and the whole region of the binary system. By using the ion-current ratio method, the thermodynamic property at 667 K was calculated. The activity coefficients can be represented over the whole composition region by the following equations: logγCd(1)=(1.35⁄2)XZn2 and logγZn(1)=(1.35⁄2)XCd2 at 667 K. These results were converted to those at 800 K on the assumption of regular-solution behavior, and it was found that they are in good agreement with the values proposed by Hultgren et al.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (638K) -
浅山 行昭1976 年 40 巻 5 号 p. 533-541
発行日: 1976年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーNotch toughness characteristics of high strength maraging stainless steels (nominal composition 12Cr-4Ni-12Co-5Mo) were studied using precracked single edge-notched specimens. Notch toughness was greatly affected by the annealing condition and variables of composition.
The degradation of the notch toughness in the aged condition was found to occur with an increase in holding time of annealing at 750 to 950°C in the alloys containing more than 4 wt%Ni which originally showed excellent notch toughness when annealed at 1050°C.
On the other hand, the alloys containing less than 4 wt%Ni showed brittle failure and low notch toughness, regardless of the annealing temperature and time.
Precipitation of intermetallic compounds was observed in all samples when annealed at 750 to 950°C. The compounds were indentified by X-ray diffraction analysis to be either the Chi or Sigma phase depending on Ni content.
Although the degradation of the notch toughness has appeared to begin in company with precipitation of the compounds in the alloys containing more than 4 wt%Ni the embrittlement would be predominantly caused by depletion of the alloy element Mo from the matrix in connection with the precipitation of the compounds, because the alloys containing lower Mo showed brittle failure even when compounds did not precipitate during annealing.
In the alloys containing less than 4 wt%Ni, brittle failure seams to occur as the transition temperature increases with decreasing Ni content.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1013K)
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