巻号一覧
52 巻, 5 号
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木村 一弘, 松下 明行, 青木 晴善, 池田 省三, 上原 満, 本多 均一, 松本 武彦, 小川 恵一1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 441-447
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーSintering behavior of the high Tc oxide superconducting material, YBa2Cu3Oy, and its superconducting properties such as Tc and Jc have been studied. Particular attention has been paid to the mixing procedures of starting powders, the particle size of calcined powders, and the low temperature oxygen annealing.
In the calcined powder sintered for 3.1×105 s at 1203 K, most voids are annihilated, the grains are coarsened up to about 100 μm in the long direction, and the density exceeds 90% of the ideal density. Full mixing of the starting powders considerably improves the density of sintered YBa2Cu3Oy, whereas ball milling of YBa2Cu3Oy powder degradates the improvement.
Resistivity of the sample in the normal conducting state increases with increasing sintering time, i.e. with increasing density; this behavior is attributed to difficulty in diffusing oxygen atoms into a high density YBa2Cu3Oy sample. Transmission electron microscope studies have often revealed the second phase along the grain boundary which is believed to reduce the critical current of polycrystalline bulk material YBa2Cu3Oy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1509K) -
古屋 泰文, 島田 平八, 松本 実, 本間 敏夫1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 448-453
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe characterization of the material properties of a shape memory alloy (SMA), i.e., the martensitic transformation temperature, the spontaneous shape recovery and the recovery force by thermoelastic martensite transformation as well as the discussion about the most efficient material processing and application system in engineering devices will be significant for wider use of SMA material in the near future. In this connectin, this paper describes the experimental results obtained by characterizing the physical properties in thermoelastic martensitic transformation, i.e., the change of transformation temperature, etc. in two kinds of Ti-Ni shape memory alloys whose chemical compositions, heat treatments and material processings are different from each other.
Next, the results are shown with the mechanical properties, i.e., the recovery force and spontaneous shape changes investigated by an apparatus made for precisely measuring the recovery force vs temperarure relationship.
Finally, based on the results of bending, a mechanical material-evaluation is attempted for the deformation by the shape memory effect of Ti-Ni alloys.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (696K) -
中島 邦彦, 宮崎 哲也, 高木 健, 森永 健次1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 454-459
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーEquilibrium state phase diagrams in the MO-TeO2(M: Ba, Sr) systems were determined by DTA analysis and X-ray diffraction. T.T.T. (Time-Temperature-Transformation) and C.C.T. (Continuous-Cooling-Transformation) curves including various phenomena which occur on cooling the melts in glass-forming systems were determined by the hot-thermocouple method. The cooling rate and composition diagrams were made on the basis of the C.C.T. curves.
Along with the development of the non-equilibrium and metastable materials, these diagrams are important as basic diagrams to develop new glassy materials by rapid cooling.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (776K) -
中島 邦彦, 宮崎 哲也, 高木 健, 森永 健次1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 460-464
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーEquilibrium state phase diagrams in the MO-TeO2(M: Pb, Cd) systems were determined by DTA analysis and X-ray diffraction. To understand various phenomena including the glassy state, crystallyzation and precipitation of metastable phases which occur in glass-forming systems, T.T.T. (Time-Temperature-Transformation) and C.C.T. (Continuous-Cooling-Transformation) curves containing a time axis were determined by the hot-thermocouple method. Moreover the cooling rate and composition diagrams were made on the basis of the C.C.T. curves.
These diagrams are preferable to understand the above-mentioned phenomena, and to design materials by rapid cooling in glass-forming systems.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (537K) -
高山 善匡, 杜澤 達美, 加藤 一, 加藤 慎一, 古城 紀雄, 堀 茂徳1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 465-471
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe change in the grain size distribution during grain growth has been investigated for recrystallized aluminum specimens, some of which contain a small amount of chromium. The one- and two-dimensional distributions were measured experimentally. Further, the grain diameter distribution, which is one of the three-dimensional grain size distributions corresponding directly to grain growth, was estimated by the method suggested in the previous paper using the values obtained for the one-dimensional distribution. This method was based on an assumption of the log-normal distribution of the grain diameter (the equivalent volume diameter) D; the distribution of this grain diameter was clearly defined by the geometric mean grain diameter Dg and the standard deviation of lnD, lnσg. As a result, the change in the grain diameter distribution during grain growth was different from that in the one- or the two-dimensional distribution. The value of Dg of pure Al increased remarkably during the annealing in this experiment, while that of specimens containing Cr varied similary with annealing time and then it became unchanged or slightly decreased. The standard deviation of the logarithm of the grain diameter, lnσg decreased with the increase in Dg, or increased as the value of Dg stagnated or decreased slightly. The results were discussed briefly in relation to abnormal grain growth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1074K) -
坂本 正雄1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 472-476
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this paper is to obtain the Cottrell atmosphere and its dragging stress τd of an edge dislocation moving with the constant velocity v in concentrated solid solutions. Using the Fermi-Dirac distribution and Einstein’s relation, the diffusion equation of the concentrated solutions is derived as
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
\ oindentwhere J is the diffusion flux, D the mutual diffusion coefficient, c the local concentration of solute atoms, Ω the volume occupied by a lattice point, k the Boltzmann constant, T the absolute temperature, and W the energy change when a solvent atom is interchanged with a solute atom. It is shown that Takeuchi-Argon’s theory and their numerical results are applicable to the concentrated solutions only by replacing c0 with c0(1−c0), where c0 is the average solute concentration, in their final results. The method of computer experiment by Yoshinaga-Morozumi is slightly modified and applied to the concentrated solutions. The results at |A⁄akT|\lesssim1 are approximated fairly well by the equation,
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
\ oindentwhere A=(1+ν)μbvε⁄3π(1−ν), ν Poisson’s ratio, μ the shear modulus, b the Burgers vector, vε the volume difference between a solute and a solvent atoms, V=va⁄D, a the lattice constant of the imaginaly lattice moving with the dislocation, V0\simeq1.2, i1\simeq0.29 and i2\simeq0.16. The velocity vc which gives maximum τd is given by vca⁄D\simeq1.3; this becomes different from the result of Cottrell, vc\simeqDkT⁄A, especially at |A⁄akT|→0.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (640K) -
青山 正義, 大貫 光明, 三宅 保彦, 浦尾 亮一1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 477-484
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーWindability of annealed pure copper wires, which depends on its stiffness was studied in relation to the effects of working conditions and other factors. Several kinds of hot-rolled copper wire rods were annealed after 90% cold drawing. Stiffnesses of annealing copper wires were evaluated by the spring elongation number (SEN) which can indicate a precise softening state with high sensitivity. Crystallographic textures of the annealed copper wires were examined by means of the X-ray diffraction method. Crystal grain sizes were measured by the intercepting method. The dislocation distribution of the annealed copper wires were observed by transmission electron microscopy. On the basis of these observations, the stress-strain curves were analyzed in relation to SEN.
It was found that SEN of TPC1 (normal tough pitch copper) was the highest when copper wires were annealed at a lower annealing temperature for a shorter annealing time, and the copper wire specimens can be arranged as follows, according to the order of SEN by annealing:
TPC1>OFC(Oxygen Free Copper)>SCR(Southwire Continuous Rod)>TPC2(Tough Pitch Copper with 16 ppm Pb and 11 ppm Sn). The relation between SEN and the reciprocal of the root of mean grain size gives a nearly straight line. On the other hand, the ratio of the texture component of annealed copper wires, Ir=(111)⁄{(111)+(100)}, shows a nearly constant value after annealing at various temperatures from 600 to 900 K. This indicates that anisotropic crystal structure does not develop after annealing.
From these experimental results, we may conclude that SEN depends on the resistance of the grain boundary against dislocation movement, and that the higher the annealing temperature, the better becomes the windability of copper wires.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1468K) -
花木 香司, 池田 一也, 加藤 健三1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 485-490
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーShape memory alloy (SMA) couplers were prepared from three kinds of Cu-Zn-Al alloy sheets by deep drawing and ironing at 423 K. Its coupling characteristics was tested in the following way. The coupler was expanded at 223 K by inserting a tapered punch and was heated in boiling water to shrink and grasp a bar. It was found that the force required to pull out the bar from the coupler increases with decreaseing Ms temperature. This means that the manufacturing process causes no changes in the initial shape memory properties, such as stress-strain curves of both parent phase and martensitic phase and so on. This test method can detect the characteristics of an SMA coupler. We further obtained the couplers with various thicknesses by a double-sheet-drawing technique using sheets of various hardnesses; the thickness strain of an SMA coupler is controlled through the hardness of its partner material during deep drawing. The test results of the couplers with various thicknesses were contrary to expectation, that is, the pull-out force increases with an increase in the reduction of wall thickness, neverthless the formed couplers all experienced the same shape-memory-heat treatment above the recrystallization temperature. It was found this was caused by the variation in the shape of couplers with the reduction; that is, thick couplers had a bell-bottomed shape because of a lower degree of ironing, and thus thick couplers were subjected to an insufficient expansion ratio.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1229K) -
妙中 隆之, 江阪 久雄, 溝口 庄三, 梶岡 博幸1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 491-494
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーTransparent organic compounds with a low entropy of fusion have been widely used for in-situ observations of solidification phenomena. The succinonitrile-camphor system is one of such systems.
This paper presents the equilibrium phase diagram of succinonitile-camphor alloy saturated with 1.013×105 Pa argon. Base materials were purified by distillation and by zone refining and then mixed under argon atmosphere. Then the alloys were introduced into a small glass cell and sealed tightly with epoxy resin. This glass cell was then put on the hot stage and observed with an optical microscope. The liquidus temperature was defined as the temperature where a small crystal did not grow nor melt. The eutectic temperature was measured by differential thermal analysis. The alloys were also introduced into the glass cell, incorporating a calibrated fine thermocouple. The glass cell was put on the temperature gradient stage and driven unidirectionally with a very slow velocity. Then, the solidus temperature was defined as the solid/liquid interface temperature with planar solidification. The liquidus and solidus lines in the hypo-eutectic region were found to be straight. The liquidus slope is −0.90 K/mass% and the equilibrium distribution coefficient of succinonitrile is 0.33. The latter agrees quite well with the thermodynamically calculated value. The eutectic temperature was found to decrease with increasing camphor content. Strictly speaking, this phase diagram is a part of the ternary system. Thus, due to the different effect of argon on succinonitrile and that on camphor, the eutectic temperature varies with camphor content. The eutectic point is 26.6 mass% camphor and 306.0 K.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (489K) -
室賀 啓, 新美 格, 恒川 好樹, 奥宮 正洋1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 495-501
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーA new gas carburizing process which is capable of easily determining a suitable parameter has been developed using an explicit finite-difference method and a direct-search method of optimization. In this process, a weighting factor was introduced into this process for optimizing the carbon profile and time. Increasing the weighting factor made the difference between the calculated and target carbon profiles smaller but the treating time longer. Calculated carbon profiles of SCr420 steel were compared with experimental results by a atmosphere-control system using a zirconia oxygen-sensor. Agreement between the calculated and measured profiles was very good.
The dependence of the diffusion coefficient on carbon concentration in SCr420 steel is expressed experimentally as follows:
(This article is not displayable. Please see full text pdf.)
\ oindentwhere C was the carbon concentration (mass%).
The influence of the carburizing parameter on a variety of the initial conditions in the calculation process was also discussed in relation to the carbon profiles.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (846K) -
西尾 孝幸, 福井 康二, 岩間 義郎1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 502-507
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーThe 2-17 type rare earth permanent magnets show high coercivity only when they are subjected to aging after solution treatment. It is necessary for obtaining the high coercivity that they are in a single 1-7 phase region at the solution temperature. In the present study, an isothermal phase diagram in the Sm-Zr-Co ternary system at 1473 K close to the solution temperature was constructed, in order to investigate the extent of composition ranges stable for the 1-7 phase due to Zr addition, and the behavior of the Zr atom in the 1-7 phase was investigated. It is shown that the Zr addition may fairly extend the stable 1-7 phase region to the higher Co content. Zr atom dissolved in the 1-7 phase seems to substitute either a pair of Co atoms occupying a dumbbell site or a single Sm atom involved in the 1-7 phase.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1144K) -
江原 隆一郎, 中嶋 宏, 少前 大作, 山田 保1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 508-516
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーMolten salt corrosion behaviour of heat transfer plant materials, SS41, 2\frac14Cr-1Mo Steel, SUS304 and Inconel 625, was studied in a molten salt environment of (50%KNO3 and 50%NaNO3) at temperatures of 450 and 550°C.
The corrosion rate in the molten salt decreased in the decreasing order of SS41, 2\frac14Cr-1Mo Steel, SUS304, Inconel 625. And the corrosion resistance of SS41, 2\frac14Cr-1Mo Steel and SUS304 strongly depended on the temperature and Cl− content of the molten salt, while Inconel 625 showed high corrosion resistance in the molten salt environment.
The morphology of corrosion products were examined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Corrosion products of SS41 and 2\frac14Cr-1Mo Steel consisted of porous and easy-pearling multilayer films of α-Fe2O3, KFeO2, NO2O-Fe2O3, and Fe3O4. While, the corrosion products of SUS304 and Inconel 625 consisted of compact and well-sticked iron oxide films which contain Ni and Cr.
The materials containing much more than 10 wt%Cr showed high corrosion resistance against the molten salt.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2038K) -
内山 休男, 里 慎也, 羽坂 雅之, 古賀 秀人1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 517-522
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーTo examine the application of fine grain superplasticity for the fabrication of fiber rein-forced metal matrix composites, stainless steel wire of 200 μm diameter and SiC fiber of ca. 15 μm diameter were consolidated with a matrix metal of Zn-22 mass%Al alloy, by hot pressing. Hot pressing was carried out in air at 373-473 K for 3.6 ks under the load of 7.85-39.2 kN.
Being consolidated with a single wire or fiber, the matrix metal flowed around the wire or fiber. The bonding strength of reinforcement-matrix interface was 22.7 MPa when the stainless steel wire was consolidated with Zn-22 mass%Al alloy at 473 K under the load of 39.2 kN.
When a SiC fiber tow was consolidated with Zn-22 mass%Al alloy, composites were obtained under the consolidating conditions studied except at low temperatures and low consolidating loads. When the composites were consolidated at elevated temperatures and high consolidating loads, the fibers of tow were widely spread with the flow of matrix metal and had a tendency to come into line.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1636K) -
伊東 明俊, 三輪 敬之, 井口 信洋1988 年 52 巻 5 号 p. 523-528
発行日: 1988年
公開日: 2008/04/04
ジャーナル フリーUsing a high temperature range torsion test apparatus, the shape recovery property of the three mica glass-ceramics are clarified. These mica glass-ceramics investigated have almost equal microstructures of mica/glass mixture but are different in chemical composition of the glass matrix. Moreover, the difference in the recovery behavior of the mica glass ceramics is investigated. The results are summarized as follows:
(1) It was found that the shape memory phenomenon occurs in the mica glass-ceramics called ‘MACERITE’ or ‘PHOTOVEEL’ which are different from ‘MACOR’ in chemical composition of the glass matrix.
(2) The pre-deformation temperature range and the shape recovery temperature range, in which the shape recovery property is best, changes by the chemical composition of the glass matrix.
(3) The effect of the prestrain and the prestrain rate on the shape recovery property does not change so much by the chemical composition of the glass matrix.
(4) The stress relaxation temperature range corresponds to the shape recovery temperature range in all cases.
(5) The thermal expansion curves show that corresponding to the shape recovery temperature range, there is a break point which suggests the glass transition point of the glass matrix in all of the three mica glass-ceramics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (978K)
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