This research was carried out in 2005 and 2006 in the coastal area of eastern Viti Levu, Republic of the Fiji Islands, where coral reefs and mangrove forests coexist. The aim is to study the relationship between the marine environments, the biodiversity of marine industrially important species and the fisheries at the community level. Twenty one families, 22 genuses, 33 species of fish and 8 families, 9 genuses, 11 species of mollusks were caught by the local people in this area. Salinity in the mangrove area was lower than in the coral reef area. Carbon-based biomass and its composition in the zooplankton community were also different in both areas. Fishing methods used were net fishing, hand line fishing, and spear fishing for fish and gleaning on the tidal flat to find a siphon of bivalve. In this area, traditional fishing techniques were used and the healthy natural environment conditions existed, and these might contribute to maintain the high biodiversity level of fish and mollusks. In the further sustainable use of coastal resources, community based resource management and ecosystem based co-management are important.

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The ichthyofauna was investigated at 2 sites (Nairogo and Telaw) around coastal area coexisting mangrove forest and coral reef in Viti Levu Island, Fiji. A total of 1, 175 individuals of 65 species belonging to 19 families were recorded. The ichthyofauna was characterized by larger individuals and species numbers of coral-associated and/or planktophagous species. Although number of species was greater at the site where the coral coverage and water visibility were higher, density (/100m²) was similar between the sites. Fish density in this study area might be affected by the water visibility, and the distribution patterns of live coral and food resources for fishes.

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There are too much examples of risks for islander's life. For our study some criteria can be arranged to meet the difficulties for sustainability: long impact, huge loss, heavy and basic damages for 3 lives of islanders (life-long effect, their physical and psychological conditions), exposure on prerequisite environmental elements for their community life (5 wares=hard ware, soft ware, human ware, spiritual ware, ecological ware), developmental conditions especially for their next generation (education, skills, job opportunities, equity, human resources for youth, stock base, QOL acquisition more than BHN) and conquest of trade-off dilemma. The taxonomy of events is also effective to know the boundary and diversities for preparatoin. Man-made disaster: war, governance mistake, illegal waste dumping, pollution, red soil by development of farmland, confinements in leper colony, specific heavy taxes, debts of the community and crime like abduction. Natural disaster on earth (volcano eruption, tsunami, great earthquake, land slide or fall, land subsidence), weather (typhoon and strong wind, tidal wave, heavy rain or flood, damage from salt, drought, and climate change and sea rise) and creature (outbreak of harmful insects, exotic animal and plants, poison, worthy exposure in natural park, heritage or Ramsar wetland, and island biodiversity).
All of these might be only sample studies, however if we can do enough, we can make island calamity list against sustainability. After some steps we can get sufficient conditions to prepare any risk and step up strategy towards island sustainability and nissological methods for risk management and governance.

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沖縄を含む太平洋島嶼地域にとって, 観光産業は対外受け取り総額の20-70%を占ある基幹産業であると同時に, 今後の成長産業でもある。観光は貴重な「外貨」を稼ぐ「サービス産業」であると同時に,「平和産業」,「文化産業」であり, これらの島嶼地域のもつ, ユニークな自然, 気候風土, 文化, ニッチ市場, 人的資源をフルに活用しうる複合・連携型産業である。島喚観光は, 水, 電気, 交通・通信, ゴミ処理施設などの生活インフラはむろんのこと, 島嶼の限られた, しかも壊れやすい自然環境資源と人々の「ホスピタリティ・マインド (社会的心理状態)」に大きく依存していることもあって, これらの観光資源の社会的キャリング・キャパシティが課題になって久しい。特に沖縄への入域観光客数は,「沖縄ブーム」の追い風を受けて, 復帰後の35年間に12倍, 県人口の4倍に達し, 予想以上のペースで成長していることから, 受け入れのキャパシティが問われている。沖縄県は今後10年間で, 一千万人 (県推計人口の7倍) の観光客受け入れを目論んでおり, 観光のもたらす経済効果と同時に, そのマイナス面も議論する時期にきている。果たして, 沖縄の自然環境, 生活インフラは, (水だけでも県民の3倍もの量を消費すると言われている) 一千万人の観光客を収容しうる環境容量があるかどうかが問われている。
本論の目的は, 成長が持続する沖縄観光に焦点をあて, 島嶼観光の現実と課題, その持続可能性, キャリング・キャパシティについて, 利用可能なデータを駆使して検証する。特に沖縄観光のキャリング・キャパシティについて, 種々のアプローチを試みた。キャリング・キャパシティの制約要因の中で, 座間味村ですでに顕在化しているように, 水供給と環境汚染に加えて, 過度の財政支出が最も深刻な問題になることが考えられる。これらの問題を解決する手法も提示した。沖縄観光のキャリング・キャパシティについての測定は限定的ながらすでになされているが, しっかりした理論フレームの下での信頼できる膨大なデータ収集が要求されることから, 個人レベルでの研究には限界がある。ここで提示したデータとアプローチは, その初歩的な段階であり, 今後のフォローアップに期待したい。

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