The great flood disaster on the Kii peninsula was caused by Typhoon 12 and Torrential rains in 2011. It has been the greatest disaster since 1953. In this disaster it was about 2,000mm rainfall during 4 days. The wole area of Wakayama Prefecture suffered heavy damage from this disaster, and many districts were isolated by flood or sediment disaster blocked roads. In this paper,we study the road's restoration process and the subjects for cancel of isolated districts, and make a proposal to restore “X road network”.

When a disaster occurs, it is important to grasp damage at an early stage for quick disaster response. Aerial remote sensing can observe stricken areas quickly and extract detailed damage distribution by strong wind such as tornados and tropical cyclones. In this study, building damage due to the May 6, 2012 tornado, which gave significant building damge at Hojo district, Tsukuba City, was inspected from aerial photographs. The damage inspection result from the aerial photographs was compared with that by the local government in order to verify the accuracy of our image interpretation considering the structural type.

In this paper, seismic vulnerability of buildings located in Pisco, Peru, is studied using damage survey data and simulated seismic ground motions. In the survey data by CISMID at National University of Engineering, Peru, the inventory and damage information of 10,000 or more lots was registered. The subsurface soil property in Pisco city was divided into three zones based on the predominant periods of microtremor at 85 sites, and the damage ratio at each zone was calculated. Furthermore, the seismic ground motion in each zone was estimated from simulated bedrock motion and the 1D transfer functions of the surface soil. Finally, the fragility curves for adobe and brickmasonry buildings were derived in terms of PGA and PGV, and compared with those from previous researches.

Transportation systems in the eastern part of Japan were suspended after the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. The earthquake, which occurred at 14:46 JST, resulted in the interruption of almost all railway services in Tokyo until the next day. There was a significant increase in road traffic the day after the earthquake and congestions were observed all over the city. This study investigates the relationship between the average travel speed of vehicles estimated from the probe-car data and the average length of traffic congestion obtained from Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS). Employing the relationships, the travel speeds of vehicles during Typhoon Roke on Sep. 21, 2011 were estimated.

In this paper, we make fragility function on wooden houses for pulsive ground motion and grasp the characteristic ofit. Major findings from this research are as follows: (1) Fragility function changes by input seismic motion and distributionof building resistance force. (2) It cannot be necessarily said that it is important that we put up building proof stress toaim at the damage reduction of the building. (3) Simple calculation fomula is proposed, which takes the influence ofground motion and distribution of building resistance force into consideration.

On May 16, 2009 Japan's first domestic case of infection of Swine-origin Influenza A/H1N1 was confirmed in Kobe. Kobe municipal government and Hyogo prefectural government made a request of people and enterprises to stay home and cancel meetings on a voluntary basis. But the governments didn't request to refrain from business. In this paper, the actual condition of the government request for the private corporations is made clear from investigation of relevant documents and the interviews to persons in charge. The aim of this thesis is to pigeonhole the lessons learnt based on the findings from Influenza A/H1N1 in Kobe.

Based on Person-in-Environment-Model of social vulnerability, disaster vulnerability was defined as the function of person characteristics and surrounding environment responsiveness to his/her needs in times of disaster. The current study disaster vulnerability scale items were partly selected from the previous large scale sample study of people with disabilities in Kobe city (Comafay et al., 2009).For the purpose of contextualizing the scale to the target community, a few more items were added.In order to determine those new item weights, two different sets of panels consisting of local leaders from the target community and of college students participated in a series of three rounds of simplified Delphi surveys, which produced the final disaster vulnerability scale items and their weights.

Condominium dwellers have some spacial agenda for post-disaster restore. It's more troublesome for refugee life caused of lifeline stooping than detached dwellers. There are some early projects in Tokyo about community workshops for post-disaster recovery. So we researched impacts of The great east Japan Earthquake in Tama New town. And a community workshop for post-disaster life-continuity were developed and evaluated. Finally, needs and programs about community workshops for post-disaster life-continuity for condominium dwellers were discussed.

It is a case study research that Kumagaya (in Saitama prefecture) Local Meteorological Observatory practiced disaster management education to raise "zest to live" of children for in cooperation with the Board of Education and local schools. It developed a learning program about response behavior and evacuation drill after/during earthquake using Earthquake Early Warning System. In cooperation with the Board of Education, all public schools in Saitama(approximately 1,500) carried out the training and the education originally. The notable point of the program is that a teacher can add an inventive idea (originality and ingenuity) to the program because the flexibility of the design of the program is high. So he/she can make a program with form most suitable for the children of the school.

The Great East Japan Earthquake formed the hypothesis to improve the effectiveness of personnel support by local governments. The purpose of this study is to examine the validity of the model based on the hypothesis, with the following procedure. 1) Conducting a survey through questionnaires on cities and towns in Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures which have received personnel support. 2) Examining the model that looks at the degree of effectiveness of personnel support by local governments which is mainly determined by the following two powers by multiple regression analysis. 1) power to receive outside support, 2) power to provide support .

This study aims to clarify issues concerning how local government could develop legal system for individual evacuation support by community for weak people with special needs in emergency such as elderly, disabled, patients, pregnant women, young children and so on. Several arguments are pointed out to promote the measures for both emergency evacuation guidance support and providing daily support in shelters after evacuation including nursing-care service to people with special needs in the case of disaster or serious accident. In this paper the process of lawmaker proposal ordinance for the community evacuation support established in municipal assembly of Kobe city is described through our observation study. We focused how it could mitigate obstacles on existing personal information protection policy and difficulties on continuous management of local assistance system adopted in community level.

The Great East Japan Earthquake struck Tohoku, Japan seriously, and caused deadly tsunami wide-spreading the whole east Japan coast. Soon after this earthquake, the inbound tourist arrivals to Japan went down dramatically. The purpose of this study is to examine how severe the impact of the disaster on inbound tourism demand and estimate whether tourist arrivals have recovered to normal up to November 2012 by applying auto-regression integrated moving average (ARIMA) models incorporating one-off events to estimate inbound tourist arrivals after the disaster and, then compare the predicted data with actual ones. This work will be useful for understanding the impact and tourism recovery process after the earthquake. It is also applicable and shed light on the estimation of tourism recovery level for other disasters.

This paper aims to clear the relation between local knowledge which inhabitants had created and transmitted in the community and evacuation from tsunami. In this study, we investigate residents who lived (/ live) in Usuiso and Toyoma area in Iwaki city, Naraha Town and Tomioka Town in Futaba district, and their activities which include disaster prevention practices in the community where they lived. We obtained two findings. First, they sheared little understanding of tsunami hazard with neighbourhood (association) because of not having suffered from disaster or little relationship between them. Second, human relations forming closely in unit ‘tonarigumi’ enabled them to seek refuge from tsunami quickly.

The Great East Japan Earthquake displaced many people. A plan of a “Transitional Town,” which was the firstattempt in Japan, was suggested because of long-term evacuation necessitated by the Fukushima nuclear power plantaccident. This study clarified the expectations and factors related to moving to the “Transitional Town,” specificallyexamining target persons of the “Transitional Town.” Results show that residents put their hopes on a consistent lifeand smooth reconstruction when choosing to live in the “Transitional Town.” We also clarified that attachment toareas where they had lived before the earthquake was a positive factor for moving to the “Transitional Town,” butattachment to the present living area is a negative factor for moving to the “Transitional Town”.

We clarified the behaviors, changing in residences and life reconstruction processes of disaster victims sufferedfrom Kii Peninsula flood disaster (the Typhoon No.12 in 2011), which is the biggest semimountainous floodingdisaster in Japan since WWII. We conducted the social random sampled surveys in affected area of Nara prefecturesixteen months after disaster occured. We adopted some scales that were created by the quality and quantitativesurvey of the 1995 Hanshin-Awaji (Kobe) Earthquake disaster and validated a common and a difference point andthe generality of the results of the two disasters. The life reconstruction processes of the two disasters are the samestage and timing.

In order to clarify Sea Bathers’ intention of Evacuation Action from Tsunami, we conducted hearing survey on visitors to Oarai Sun Beach, in Oarai town, Ibaraki prefecture. Based on the obtained data, at first, we grasped the respondents’ lead time, direction, means of moving, and routes to evacuate in the case of that Tsunami was coming to the beach, and analyzed correlation between these results and some factors. Next, we estimated passage rates of the evacuees over each road links around the beach. Then, we found that the respondents’ choises of evacuation direction and routes were unevenly, and so on.

Disaster information dissemination utilizing a mobile phone is highly efficient with its higher penetration rate at rural mountainous areas in Thailand where instantaneous information is required against sudden disaster such as flash flood and landslide. However, the disaster prevention framework of Thai government has been concerned for lag of information dissemination. Furthermore, many of residents in the areas cannot receive mobile phone signal properly. Through a literature research and interviews with relevant authorities and leading mobile phone operators, we were able to clarify the current situation of the Thai government's framework development and the possibility of future introduction of mobile phone as a disaster information dissemination mean for rural mountainous areas in Thailand.

Insufficiency of human resources has been a serious issue for the local governments affected by 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Interview survey and collection of data were performed to deliver tasks and information on securing human resources in large-scale disasters. 1) A committee consisting local governments and prefectural office has been set up to coordinate and share information, 2) regular workers, part time workers and retired workers were employed, 3) and human resources were ensured by other local governments, Miyagi prefecture and Government Agencies. 4) And it is recognized that demand on human resources and human casualty are correlative and demand in Nankai Trough Great Earthquake and tsunami will be more than a double of Great East Japan Earthquake.

The Great East Japan Earthquake has underscored the importance of mutual aid and physical support among local governments that extends beyond the boundaries of administrative divisions. Analyses of the characteristics of aid provided by local governments revealed that the size of the municipality might affect the implementation of assistance. Results also show that physical assistance from local governments was administered rapidly, demonstrating the importance of direct interaction among local governments. Furthermore, results show that collaboration among neighboring local governments was effective in reducing the burden of providing assistance.

Many countries are growing increasingly interested in Myanmar due to the transition from the military regime to a civilian government and the country's high potential for economic growth, and rapid development is expected to occur in the coming future. However, Myanmar is at a high risk from natural disasters such as floods, cyclones, and earthquakes, and thus it is necessary to actively promote disaster management. This study recapitulates the disaster management system of the Myanmar central government, which until recently was unclear. Considering the formation of the disaster management system in the aftermath of Cyclone Nargis and changes which occurred following the establishment of the civil government, the relationship with relevant laws, regulations and international frameworks of the disaster management system centered in the Myanmar Disaster Preparedness Agency (MDPA) and the role of each government ministry are consolidated and systematically organized in this paper. In addition, through an analysis of the government's operations against Cyclone Mahasen, the effectiveness of the new system is evaluated and pertinent challenges identified for improving the disaster management system in the future.

This study focuses on the coordination system to receive international assistance after mega disaster based on the experience of the Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred on 11 March 2011. First, it summarizes how the coordination system for receiving international assistance after mega disasters was developed in Japan. Then, it reviews how international Urban Search-and-Rescue (US&R) teams were received in the Great East Japan Earthquake, based on interviews with municipalities which received assistance. Then, the study compares the current Japanese coordination system with other countries which had received international assistance in disasters. Finally, based on the analysis the study proposes an effective coordinating system for mega disasters.

On this paper we analyze administrative resources which contributed to the enhancement of the disaster measure by municipalities. The questionnaire clarified the self-evaluation of disaster prevention measures by municipalities. Analysis clarified that deciding factor such as number of disaster prevention officer contributed to the enhancement of the disaster measure. But motive factor such as civic interest didn’t contribute to it.

Immediately after the Great East Japan Earthquake, many overseas governments issued advisories to their citizens residing in Japan to relocate to the western part of the country or leave entirely. Many governments also recommended that people planning to travel to Japan should postpone their trip. Through a questionnaire survey given to foreigners residing in the Kanto region at the time of the disaster, the relationship between the advisories issues by overseas governments and the behavior of foreigners residing in Japan was investigated in order to examine the differences among people who did not follow the recommendations of their government and to clarify whether these people possessed some unique characteristics, such as reason for evacuation, trusted information sources, or personal attributes. Three sample groups were created based on the advisory actions of overseas governments, and the characteristics of post-disaster action, disaster information collection, and demographics were analyzed.

The purpose of this research is to find knowledge for residents to understand a tsunami hazard map for the selfhelp support by themselves. This research examines relationship between an understanding of the information about a tsunami hazard map and the intention of evacuaton from tsunami. A questionnaire was performed for residents in Kamisu-city, Ibaraki Pref., where there is brittleness to tsunami. As a result, the uncertainty of the disaster is understood, however there is a tendency which the image of the disaster is hard to be understood. Moreover, it urges safe evacuation to an understanding of a tsunami hazard map.

The flooding of the Chao Phraya River in Thailand in 2011 caused enormous economic damage and affected millions of people. However, as Thai society is faced with various socio-economic inequalities, disadvantaged people may have been more vulnerable to its effects and may also have different disaster information needs compared to the rest of society. This paper examined disaster information collection and vulnerability of disadvantaged populations during the 2011 Thai flood by examining the effects of income level, education level, and age, as well as the effect of compounding disadvantages. The results strongly reinforce the importance of considering the unique needs of highly vulnerable and disadvantaged groups when improving information dissemination in the future.

This article is to explore the reality of a voluntary relocation to a higher area and its context in the coastal areas with high Tsunami disaster risk. We carried out a questionnaire and interviews to the households that actually moved, and had the following results. 1) The relocation motivated only by concerns about Tsunami has also underlying concerns about the relocation itself, which tends to become obvious as difficulties to sustain their prior lifestyle. 2) To sustain their lifestyle, there are three approaches to secure mobility such as self-driving of their own cars, use of transportation service, and support by their neighbors and relatives. 3) On the other hand, close neighborly relationship tends to be lost in accordance with the relocation, particularly among the elderly population, and it leads the loss of one of these channels in securing of mobility.

In this study, the relationship between the seismic intensity and the occurrence of casualties are examined using the data from recent earthquakes in Japan from 1999 to 2008. The seismic intensity distribution and the population distribution of each earthquake , and the seismic intensity in area where casualties occurred are estimated. The casualty rates of major causes for deaths and injuries are calculated by using those data. The occurrence of casualties is greatly influenced by the seismic intensity level. As fatality due to shock or stress, the fatality rate at the intensity 6 lower is 0.0008%, and the rate rises to 0.01% at the intensity 6 upper. As serious injury due to slipping or stumbling, the injury rate at the intensity 6 lower is 0.02%, and the rate rises to 0.1% at the intensity 6 upper.

Damage estimation for scenario earthquakes is conducted by local governments for emergency response planning. However, local governments usually do not possess detailed data of utility pipelines and hence, they generally estimate the distribution of pipeline length. A problem of this approach is that the accuracy of pipeline length estimation is not so high. This study tries to perform the estimation of water-pipeline data for more accurate earthquake damage assessments. The method to estimate the pipeline length is proposed from road network data by using GIS for densely inhabited districts (DIDs). But outside of DIDs, buildings data must be introduced in addition to road network data as parameters to estimate water-pipeline lengths in grid cells.