With the aim of popularizing dark tourism in unaffected areas for the purpose of clarifying disaster prevention effects and problems at the stages of "planning", "development", "implementation", and "improvement" of natural disaster dark tourism, this paper develops action research to gain insights from joint implementation between Choshi Geopark and local residents. We could organize the problems and utility of this tourism and first solidify the framework in this tourism. In conclusion, part of the tragedy in areas due to natural disaster may act as a resource for disaster prevention learning and it is effective for natural disaster-type dark tourism to work in cooperation with other organizations related to tourism that has been previously established in the area.

In this study, we estimated monetary value of disaster tourism in Otsuchi town, one of the worst affected municipalities by 2011 earthquake and tsunami in Eastern Japan. Our result by ZTCM shows that the monetary value of Otsuchi town was about 1.18 billion yen (10.7 million USD), which is as much as other major sightseeing place ij Japan. We also estimated present value of the tourism for 30 years from 2017, and found it from 0.73 to 0.79 billion yen (8.7 million USD). This result implies that the city being hit by a major disaster has a certain value as a tourist destination.

The new act on long term recovery was establishd in 2013. However, there is no guideline about the contents of recovery plan and the damage level to make recovery plan. This paper would find the relation between damage level and contents of recovery plan through the analysis of disaster plan, damage level, and situation of communities of the 1995 Kobe earthquake, the 2004 Niigata earthquake, the 2008 Iwate Miyagi Inland eartqhauke, the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. Through the analisy, the flowing things were clarified. Housing damage and the population of local government is the factor to make a long terem recovery plan. Several groups of recovery plan was found based on the category of population and uniqueness of recovery plan contetns,

Nankai Trough earthquake is predicted to occur with 70-80% probability within the next 30 years. A large number of casualty and physical damage to structures are estimated. Highway is an important infrastructure which has a crucial role for emergency activities and logistics when an earthquake occurs. Therefore, we have to consider the countermeasures to avoid the accidents of running vehicles in advance. This study focused on seismic response analysis of running vehicles on highway during an earthquake. Collision of vehicles is one of the critical issues. We here develop car-collision model based on the experiment about vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-wall collisions. By introducing the nonlinear spring to the model with hysteresis damping, the experiment results can be reproduced accurately.

On the large-scale disaster, the power of community disaster management is very important. After the Great East Japan earthquake, the community disaster management plan system was started. After making the plan, the community is needed to prepare for the disaster according to the plan. In this study, we focused on communitiy associations that formulated the plan and investigated the actual situation of the community disaster management based on a questionair survey on community association officers and residents. And we also evaluated the feasibility of disaster management of community association targeted using FTA method. Further, we got suggestions of future community disaster prevention activities.

The central region of Vietnam, where flood disasters occur frequently, has been evaluated as successful cases of several projects implemented by JICA, and mass organizations contribute to it. In this study, some interviews were conducted with several mass organizations of Huong Van commune and Huong Phong commune, locating along Bo river in Thua Thien Hue province. The results of this research revealed the following: (1) Mass organizations play important roles in community disaster management and are the key to self-help and co-help; (2) Mass organizations often cooperate with other organizations; and (3) Mass organizations adopt not only top-down approach but also bottomup approach.

This paper shows the effectiveness of joint ownership of land. Therefore, the result of the survey on the joint ownership of land is shown in Nagaoka City, Niigata Prefecture. Showed the actual state of joint share of land rights. It became clear that it is possible to not only share the benefits generated by the land but also to disperse the damage. This result shows useful land ownership and usage methods for relocation before and after natural disasters. In areas where disasters are expected to occur in the near future, advance reconstruction plans are progressing. It is one possibility to utilize this system in areas where the development pressure is not so high, where relocation is necessary to rebuild the residence.

Conventional Business Continuity Management System (BCMS) are usually prepared to enable the business continuity of a single organization. However, to enhance an entire area’s resilience against disaster, municipalities, hospitals, clinics, traders, and other resources must be coordinated. Further, there is growing acknowledgment of the importance of establishing a Management System (MS) to maintain, perform, and improve area resilience for healthcare. To enhance the healthcare resilience of a community, an MS composed of the municipality and healthcare-related organizations must be established. In response, this study proposes an Area Disaster Resilience Management System for Healthcare (ADRMS-H).

The purpose of this paper is to examine the way how Tourists were supported at the time of Hokkaido Iburi Eastern Earthquake which occurred on September 6th 2018, focusing on the case of Sapporo City and showing issues considering from the following different sectors; the administrative organization, tourism related company/group and residents of central city area. Through the study especially by the ways of hearing from various sectors and examingthe result of questionnaire for 500 residennts, this paper presented some problems relating to support for tourists at the time of disaster for big cities which are promoting Tourism.

Although the preparation of Pre-disaster Recovery Plans (PDRP) for earthquakes and tsunamis is mainly in progress in Japan, the plans are limited for meteorological disasters. Florida in U.S., where natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods occur frequently, had implemented a PDRP Pilot Project since 2006. This research aims to analyze how the PDRP has been used in peace since 10 years from the adoption and the implementation in Hillsborough County, Panama City, and Palm Beach County, Florida. The results indicate that "Recovery Plan" is independent from the PDRP through the revisions, as a result, PDRP shifted its focus to long-term recovery. Furthermore, the county government plays a central role in coordinating among cities to implement proactive action plans which designated in the PDRP.

In the Great East Japan Earthquake, it became clear that condominium residents, who had no or slight structural damage to their homes, evacuated to shelters because of fears such as aftershocks. Moreover, in the earthquake damage estimation, it is not expected that the residents of the apartment without damage on the building would rush to shelters due to the aftershocks and so on. In this study, we estimated the number of evacuees based on evacuation of condominium residents in the Tokyo special ward and grasped the actual situation of the local government regarding home evacuation promotion, and clarified the issues.

In this research, we focus on securing safety and resuming childcare at nursery schools and kindergartens at the time of disaster, and classify items for disaster prevention manual of each for Machida City, Tokyo, and score each item. It analyzed about the relationship of. In addition, we conducted a visit interview survey in order to grasp the usual efforts regarding disaster response. Disaster preparedness manual making (PLAN), disaster prevention training conduct (DO), reflection and evaluation through disaster prevention training (CHECK), disaster prevention manual revision, update (ACTION) as an activity to build up disaster response capacity such as nursery school and kindergarten it can be organized into the cycle of.

The experiment to listen or read a survivor’s disaster experience of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami was conducted in order to clarify the effects of “telling” on physiological state, psychological state and memory of recipients by comparing telling by the experienced survivor, telling by non-experienced person, movie, voice sound and reading material. The results are summarized as follows. 1) There was no significant difference of as heart rate of recipients as physiological response and mood change and telling transportation as psychological state between all medias. 2) Difference of recall just after the experiment between all medias was not demonstrated. 3) However, recall in 8 months after the experiment of telling by the survivor were higher than of other medias.

This research focuses on social capital and investigates the impact of the voluntary disaster prevention organization on efforts to support evacuation for people with special needs， taking the disaster prevention and welfare community in Kobe City into a survey．It was found that it was necessary to foster social capital ability in the area and to create a system to connect the disabled community without any daily contact and the local community in order to promote the refuge support system for residents with special needs.

After the 2018 Osaka Earthquake, many people were forced to give up moving because the transportation system in Osaka completely shut down. For people involved in recovery operation, it is important to arrive smoothly to the proper place where they are required to go. In this study, we discuss commuting behavior of workers at the time of the earthquake disaster and possibility of bicycle use through an internet questionnaire survey. As a result of the analysis, it becomes clear that many people decide to go to their workplace influenced by their sense of mission or an instruction from their offices to do so. The choice of transportation depends on distance, time, and the transportation which they usually use. For short distance commuters, it is relatively effective to use bicycles to move smoothly.

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the actual situation of relief supplies operations in local governments. We conducted a questionnaire survey on all prefectures and municipalities. As a result, it became clear that in many municipalities, the person in charge of relief supplies operations and the relief supplies base were not designated. And few local governments have decided how to transport supplies to victims who are not at shelters. In general, small local governments tended to be less prepared. It is concluded that offerings guidance materials are useful for these public organizations.

Mabi area, Kurashiki city was extensively flooded 4 to 5 m depth due to the 2018 torrential rains in Western Japan. Questionnaire survey was conducted asking evacuation patterns and 683 responses were obtained in Kawabe and Arii districts. Evacuation rates are higher for those knowing evacuation advise and order, and for those with larger size of households. Majority of evacuation transport was by car (92% in Kawabe and 78% in Arii) with higher traffic jam in Kawabe. Left side of Suemasa river in Arii district experienced more danger of flooding while evacuating midnight.

For safe evacuation from post earthquake fires, fire information updated in real time needs to be transmitted to evacuees. However, since real-time information includes uncertainty, in some cases, it may be expected that acquisition of evacuation guidance information is not always useful. In this research, we investigated whether the update of realtime evacuation guidance information has positive or negative influences on their behavior intention according to evacuation guidance by knowledge and awareness about the uncertainty at the time of earthquake fire of evacuees through the questionnaire survey on residents who live in the areas with high risk of fire.

We investigated the current setting cases of buffer zone described in the tsunami hazard map, and examined the possibility of buffer zone setting considering the uncertainty of tsunami fault model. We found that the buffer zones are set in various ways according to the actual situation of each area. By conducting the tsunami numerical simlation considering uncertainty of the fault model, we knew that the buffer zone of Hiratsuka City is the area having about + 0.15 Mw uncertainty from the base Mw, which is the basis of tsunami hazard map. We showed that it is necessary to consider the result of tsunami numerical simulation considering the uncertainty of numerical prediction in addition to the original standard for each municipality in setting the buffer zone of the tsunami hazard map.

This paper aims to clarify the actual conditions and issues for the supports for vulnerable people in the management manuals of local evacuation centers. We surveyed the manuals in Sendai city and conducted interviews with community members who committed the making manuals. The results are as follows. First, some manuals decided how to support for the vulnerable people and where they were allocated depending on their conditions. Second, these manuals were developed under the participation of various community members. Third, to promote the efficient support for vulnerable people in the shelter, it is necessary to try to do the evacuation and center management drills including them in the community.

The questionnaire surveys were conducted to monitors of Sendai City and visitors of two disaster reconstruction memorial facilities (Sendai 3.11 Memorial Community Center and Ruins of the Great East Japan Earthquake: Sendai Arahama Elementary School) in order to clarify characteristic of visitors, effects on knowledge and consciousness of visitors and their satisfaction. The results are summarized as follows. 1) Elderly citizen visited two facilities more than young people. 2) Some broken building parts of the elementary school as display increased knowledge of tsunami disaster preparedness of visitors. 3) Satisfaction of visitors of Arahama Elementary School as a disaster remain is higher than 3.11 Memorial Community Center.

In this study we show the case of the support for evacuees cross border the area in Mashiki town after the Kumamoto Earthquake. Cross-regional support has been shown to provide support in quantity and quality to evacuees who have not received support within the region. On the other hand, it were shown that there were problems of increasing the amount of responce due to widening and concentration of support information sharing between local governments and private sectors.

In order to prepare for various kinds of disaster, it is required for each household to stock up for difficulties under a disaster. Although many workshops(WS) on citizens for disaster management have been held, the effects of them have not been examined well. Therefore, we hold WSs using a disaster imagination card game: "Areganai! Dohsuru?" which was originally developed on two community associations in Nagareyama city and Yashio city. And, we asked the participants to answer questionnaires three times: just before and after the WS and two months after it. Based on the obtained data, we grasped the actual conditions of preparations in respondents’ home against disasters after the WS, and examined the factors to accelerate the preparedness in each home.

The purpose of this study is to investigate causal effects of designated temporary housing policy on housing recovery. This study used two sets of population recovery data. The first was the 2015 Natori City Life Recovery Population Survey Data (N=1,695 out of 2331 households, return rate 72.7%). The second was the entire record of temporary housing residency in Natori City (N=3088 households). These datum were integrated (N=1206). After confounding adjustment by the propensity score analysis, survival analysis was conducted. The result showed that the effects of temporary housing types on temporary housing residency was non-significant when confounding factors were controlled.

We address the problem of detecting critical links in a large road network, especially focusing on the fact that reachability within a permissible time plays an important role in case of disaster evacuation. To this end, we utilize a measure called TBC (time-bounded criticalness) degree that quantifies the number of people who become unable to move to evacuation facilities within a permissible time when a link is blocked. In our computer simulation using data in Shizuoka Prefecture, we show that the road links having highly ranked TBC degree can substantially change according to the permissible evacuation time. Then, we analyze the influences of these critical links on the numbers of people who become unable to move to evacuation facilities within the permissible time.

People can often avoid flood damage in advance by implementation of measures, development of weather forecast and so on. But implementation rate of preparedness for disaster and evacuation is low. In this study, we took Typhoon Lan as a case, conducted a questionnaire survey on residents in Osaka City, Osaka Prefecture in order to investigate disaster consciousness and how did they act in the disaster."Based on the obtained data, we analyzed for the purpose of clarifying the factor affecting the behavior in flood disaster. As a result, it turned out that evacuation assumption and disaster consciousness affect decision-making att the time of disaster.

The authors conducted interview survey to the member of disaster management headquarter and also conducted questionnaire survey to all town officials of the Minamisanriku town government at the time of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011, in order to evaluate the impact of business continuity of municipality government in alternative facility after the tsunami. Firstly, it is revealed that the facts and issues in the initial disaster response by them. Secondary, we suggested considerations in two perspectives, “delay in composing member of the disaster management headquarter” and “issues of layout of alternative facility and other disaster response bases”, based on the results of the surveys.

After an earthquake, real-time evacuation guidance, which guides inhabitants to safe site from danger area based on fire information, is important as an emergency measure against simultaneous fires. In this study, we optimized a realtime route considering incompleteness of fire information. First, we constructed the stochastic model called “evacuation probability”, which is the probability that evacuee can reach evacuation site without encountering an undetected fire. Second, we maximize an evacuation probability on a real-time route under condition of securing a specified value of “safe margin of evacuation”, which means maximum tolerance on a deviation between a forecasted fire speed and an actual one. Finally, we discussed characteristics of the route with visualizing and analyzing results of simulations.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the reduction of disaster debris after the earthquake disaster due to dwelling house seismic retrofitting. As a case study of 1995 Hanshin-Awaji Great Earthquake, the amount of disaster debris in Hanshin region both at 1995 and at 2015 were calculated. As a result, the number of the complete collapse housing decreased 68.7% because of the increase of the number of dwellings with the 1981 new seismic criterion on the Building code. It was shown that housing seismic retrofitting would reduce the amount of disaster debris effectively. In addition, an evaluation of reduction of the social cost in the earthquake due to the dwelling house seismic retrofitting was developed. It was indicated that the preliminary disaster prevention investment is important.

This study focuses on the area affected by the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake (2011). We studied a case on Kawauchi Village in Fukushima Prefecture. In the areas with high radiation levels, long-term evacuations were ordered. This study spotlights how has the community has changed since the long-term evacuation orders were lifted. In general, only a few residents returned to their original houses, and any sense of community has almost disappeared. In one household, the elderly and the younger generations decided to separate. It is inferred that the rate of people returning to their homes is lower in the areas where evacuation orders lasted longer.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of inclusive disaster drill. Older and/or disabled people have been known to suffer more severe damages in disasters, and the root cause of those damages is due to the siloed approaches are taken by social service and disaster management organizations. To solve the root cause, it is necessary to have an inclusive disaster prevention activity. The evaluation is performed using the disaster literacy scale by IPW method. In results, it confirmed that participation in disaster drill had a positive impact on the improvement of disaster literacy.

This study aims at examining the characteristics of flood area caused by the heavy rain event of July 2018 and clarifying the relationship with flood estimated inundation area and transition of residential land development . Findings are as follows; (1) 32% of residential areas in urban planning area are distributed in the flood area (2) inundation assumption areas cover about 85% of the flood area (3) Most of the residential areas developed before 1947 are distributed outside of the flood area, while many residential areas developed after 1962 are distributed in flood area. (4) More than half of recent conversion of farmland to residential areas are conducted in flood area.

This study presents empirical research investigating disaster subculture through mutual comparison of Okinawa, Kagoshima, and Tokyo. Results of resident questionnaire surveys reveal many differences among these three areas. Above all, more than 50% of Okinawan people think about typhoons but can not accept them. Furthermore, they havetheir own knowledge, judgement criteria, and disaster subcultures corresponding to typhoons.

Alerts and warnings studies have repeatedly reported their ineffectiveness in promoting protective actions. Given this problematic situation, this paper aims to demonstrate the effects of disaster information, environmental, social, and psychological factors, redefinition of situation and disaster schema on protective actions. The subjects consisted of those who were residing in the landslide prone and recently impacted areas of Hita, Nakatsu, and Tsukumi cities in Oita Prefecture (N=1,934)."Structural equation modeling was conducted to predict risk aversive behavior. As a result, disaster schema showed the strongest total effect on protective responses. Furthermore, disaster schema activated heuristic thinking and thus directly provoked protective actions.

The damage occurred not only to the government office buildings, but also to public facilities serving as shelters, and some problems regarding the fact that facilities in the local disaster prevention plan could not be used were noted in the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake. With the purpose of introducing "space resource management" in emaergency response, I focus on "space resources", which are often overlooked as resources at the time of disaster. In this study aim to summarize the 8 uses (i.e., disaster response headquarters, administrative services, evacuation shelter, logistic, remains of the deceased, disaster waste, volunteers, temporary housing estate), and to clarify the actual conditions and problems of space utilization in Mashiki town within a disaster area in accordance with phase changes.