Purpose. To clarify relations between physical activity levels and activity of daily living (ADL) and quality of life (QOL) scales in elderly nursing home residents. Methods. Participants were ambulatory geriatric nursing home residents without dementia symptoms. Physical function (gait velocity and step length), ADL (Barthel Index), and QOL (Life Satisfaction Index A [LSIA] and Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale [PGC]) levels were measured. Physical activity level was assessed as activity energy expenditure and duration of physical activities (low and moderate intensities) calculated by accelerometer over 7 days. Intra-class correlation analysis was conducted to examine the consistency of each measurement results by the accelerometer. Variables on QOL scales were assessed by partial correlation coefficient analyses. Results. Seven subjects were recruited. Although a consistent significant relation was noted between activity energy expenditure and duration of low-intensity physical activity (under SMETs), no significant relation was seen between energy expenditure and duration of moderate-intensity physical activity (above 3 METs). LSIA was significantly correlated with gait velocity and step length. PGC was significantly correlated with energy expenditure and duration of low-intensity physical activity. Conclusions. Physical activity levels in geriatric nursing home residents could be quantitatively analyzed by accelerometer. Longer duration of low-intensity physical activity is important for the maintenance and improvement of QOL.

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本研究では、ASD児の粗大運動遂行時における運動の効率性について明らかにするために、長なわとびの連続跳躍動作の様相についてASD児とTD児を比較検討した。その結果、平均跳躍姿勢については、ASD児がTD児よりも膝を深く抱え込む跳躍姿勢であった。そして、跳躍姿勢の変動については、TD児が膝の屈曲を中心に姿勢を大きく変化させる一方で、ASD児は姿勢の変化がTD児よりも小さかった。これらの結果から、ASD児は、TD児と比較して効率の低い跳躍を繰り返す特徴があることが示された。このようなASD児の特徴は、動作の独立性の観点から考察され、その背景要因には、部分的な情報処理を好むASDに特有な認知傾向が影響していると考えられた。これらのことから、ASD児における運動の効率性の問題は、長なわとびのような体全身を使った粗大運動遂行時においても見られることが明らかとなった。そして、ASD児を対象とした運動指導では、部分的な動作への過剰な意識を軽減させるような指導内容を考えていくことが必要な視点の一つとして考えられた。

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The purposes of this study were to investigate the players' distance traveled and speed in a wheelchair basketball game and to search for the perspectives of scientific support to obtain the basic data of the players' physical fitness level necessary for high performance in the game. The match filmed for this study was the final of the Wheelchair Basketball Asian Friendship Match Final (Japan vs. Korea, 2005). A Hi-Vision video camera was set at the highest point of the audience seating where we could view the whole court. Two-Dimensional DLT (Direct Linear Transformation) method was used to obtain positional changes of all the players who participated in the game. The results showed that the distance covered by two players who played throughout the game was 5528m and 5745m. The distance covered in each quarter increased, and peak speed tended to decrease as the quarters advanced. Physical abilities to keep moving throughout the game period and to maintain the peak speed would be very important in any game situation. The data obtained in this study are useful for evaluation of the ability both of individual players and of the team.

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The purpose of this study was to report the supporting approach for the improvement of the athletic performance of a Paralympic swimmer. The subject was a gold medalist in the 50 m breast stroke event in the 2008 Beijing Paralympic Games, and was classified in SB3 according to a congenital limb deficit. Four synchronized under-water video cameras (60 fps and 1/1000s) were used to record the maximum 50 m breast stroke swimming motion. Three-dimensional coordinates of anatomical landmarks of the swimmer were obtained using DLT procedures. Filming and analysis were executed three times every two months. Video-imaged and motion analysis results were relayed back to the athlete and coach every time. Suggestions for the athletic performance improvement derived from the motion analysis were as follows: (1) increase stroke length and decrease stroke rate, (2) conform stroke motion in non-breath stroke to the motion in on-breath stroke, and (3) decrease drag force in recovery phase, and shorten stroke length of right arm in late in-sweep phase. The filming and supporting activities based on data acquisition and analysis were continued to the 2012 London Paralympic Games for improving the athletic performance so as to achieve the best results for athletes.

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