Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology

Toxicity of PCP for the “Dojo” fish, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (CANTOR), with special reference to the relation between concentration and immersion time

Studies on the biological assay of chemicals in fishes. V.

Sumio NAGASAWA, Michiyo SHIBA

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 47-51
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.47

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In this paper, the toxicity of PCP-Na for the “Dojo” fish was discussed through results obtained by a regression method, taking into consideration the immersion time of the fish and the concentrations of the testing solution. The fish ranged from 0.4 to 12.7g in weight. Their weights were determined by taking the difference in weight of a vial with testing solution and the same vial with solution and a fish. Data on dead or alive were recorded individually. Immersion time in the testing solution was controlled by washing the whole test vial, including the fish, in running water. From the data of 87 combinations of concentrations (ppm) per weight (g) of fish C and time of immersion T (min.), together with indications of whether or not the fish responded, an equation for fitting a probit regression plane was estimated as: Y=-5.1725+3.3485x₁+5.6678x₂. Here x₁ and x₂ are logC and logT respectively and Y is the probit probability of response P. Results of the χ² test showed no significant difference between the empirical probits and the predictions from the fitted equation. The 5% fiducial limit curves (t=1.96) for P=0.5 and 0.9 were calculated and were shown in the figures.

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Ecological Studies on the Local Characteristics of Seasonal Development of the Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis WALKER

1. Effects of Photoperiod and Temperature on Diapause Induction

Ken-ichi KISHINO

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 52-60
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.52

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In order to clarify factors responsible for seasonal prevalence of the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis WALKER, effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction have been studied under laboratory conditions. Diapause was induced under a short-day photoperiod (13L:11D), and prevented under a long-day photoperiod (16L:8D) in the larval stage. The photoperiod and temperature in the egg stage seemed to exert no influence upon diapause induction. However, diapause induction was clearly dependent on the photoperiod in the larval stage. The borer larvae were highly sensitive to photoperiod except in the late stage and it was learnt that diapause induction could be reversed by an antagonistic photoperiod. The critical photoperiod for the diapause induction was found to be about 15.0hrs of light per 24hrs at a temperature of 25°C in the Omagari population. However, under conditions of gradually decreasing photophase, the critical light period at the time of hatching was slightly longer than this. Temperature influenced the diapause induction. A low temperature tended to promote the diapause induction.

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Studies on the Ecology of Insects Sterilized Artificially (Gamma Radiation)

III. Effects of ¹³⁷Cs on the Sterilities of Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.)

Masao KIYOKU, Ritsuko TSUKUDA

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 61-69
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.61

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The optimum dosage of ¹³⁷Cs for sterilizing Spodoptera littoralis (BOISD.) and the most suitable stage for irradiation with gamma rays were examined. Five day old pupae seemed to be a suitable stage for irradiation. The optimum dosage for complete sterilization were 24Kr for males and 20Kr for females. The reduction in longevity of both sexes, irradiated at these dosages, was not significant and few adult deformities appeared. Next, sexual behaviour of adults and the alternate mating with a sterilized and untreated male to a normal female were investigated. A male could mate continuously with five virgin females during its life period. A female generally mated once again with the same male but it was sometimes observed that a female which had already mated once copulated again with other virgin males. Virgin females were mated first with males irradiated at 20Kr and five days later with normal males. The females produced almost no viable eggs until the subsequent mating with normal males, and after copulation with normal ones they produced, nevertheless, considerably few viable eggs as compared with that of the control. On the other hand, when virgin females were mated first with normal males and five days later with irradiated ones, they produced as many viable eggs as the control. Experiments on the mating competitiveness between males and females, both sterilized and normal ones, were conducted. When three irradiated males or two irradiated females were introduced into a confined population containing a normal male and female, the hatch percentages in eggs which were laid by a normal female were 1.3 or 1.9%, respectively. Introducing both irradiated male and female, it was 32.4%. Both the experimental values of 1.3 and 1.9% were considerably lower but that of 32.4% was higher than the theoretically estimated values.

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The Reproduction of the German Cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) and Effect of Metepa on it

Shuichi UEDA, Minoru IZUTSU, Shoziro ISHII

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 70-77
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.70

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The reproduction of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.) was studied in relation to the effect of metepa on it under laboratory conditions of 25°±1°C, at about 60% R.H. and 14 hours illumination a day. Newly emerged female adults began to mate 4 days after emergence, and almost all of them completed their mating by the 6th day after emergence. Thereafter the number of mating females decreased. Females once mated protruded three oöthecae successively from their abdominal tip with completely fertilized eggs without further copulation. Although the fourth and fifth oöthecae were protruded, the number of larvae hatched from them decreased. Newly emerged males mated 3 days after emergence, and almost all of them completed their mating by the 6th day after emergence. The survival period of male adults was 70 to 142 days, and they mated 10±5 times during this period. The frequency of copulation decreased with the advance of age. Females which had been topically treated with 25μg of metepa after 7 to 9 days from adult emergence were effectively sterilized. Males which had been topically treated with the same dose of metepa as females after 4 days from adult emergence, were completely sterilized. But the effect of metepa on male sterilization seemed to decrease when treated after 5 days. The sterilizing effect on males remained during their entire living period with no recovery. When a female copulated twice, with either a sterile or normal male before protruding oötheca, the fertility of eggs was more influenced by the 2nd copulation than the 1st. Sterilized males seemed to be inferior in their competitiveness for copulation to untreated males. But if number of males was almost the same as that of females, the inferiority of sterilized males in the copulation act could be neglected.

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Effects of Temperature and Wind on the Activity of Green Rice Leafhopper Adults, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER (Hemiptera: Deltocephalidae)

Kouji AKINO

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 78-83
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.78

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Experiments were carried out at day-time in the laboratory under natural light conditions from 1958 to 1960 and in 1969. The minimum temperatures to evoke the first trembling, rising, the first walking, the first jumping, continuous jumping, abnormal walking, knock down and death by heat were 0.8-2.4°C, 1.4-2.1°C, 2.5-4.0°C, 8.6-9.7°C, 11.7-13.1°C, 39.2-40.8°C, 41.5-42.6°C and 42.3-42.9°C respectively for female adults. Little difference was found between sexes in their reaction to temperatures. In the temperature range between 9°C to 30°C, the wind velocity which inhibits the jumping of leafhoppers against wind, was found to be parallel to the activity of leafhoppers due to temperatures. The effect of wind velocify increased when above 1m per second and was very marked above 2.6-3.0m per second.

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Studies on the bionomics and control of the horse flies attacking the grazing Japanese cattle

2. Attrative effect of the Manitoba fly trap against the horse flies

Mitsuhiro SASAKAWA, Masaru USUI, Sumio OTANI, Kohichiro NAGANO

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 84-86
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.84

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Rearing of larvae of Papilio xuthus LINNÉ on artificial diets containing no leaf powder

Isamu NAKAYAMA, Sumio NAGASAWA, Haruko SHIMIZU

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 86-89
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.86

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Artificial Feeding of Smaller Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus FALLÉN (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)

Kenji KOYAMA, Jun MITSUHASHI

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 89-90
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.89

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Notes on the parasites attacking the fruit tree type and conifer type of Dechocrocis punctiferalis GUENÉE (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Norizumi SHINKAJI

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 91-93
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.91

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The host plants of Proceras venosatus WALKER in Japan

Isoko HATTORI

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 93-94
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.93

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 95
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.95

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 96-97
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.96

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 98-99
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.98

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 100-101
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.100

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 102
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.102

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 103-104
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.103

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 105-106
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.105

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[title in Japanese]

[in Japanese]

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 107-108
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.107

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[title in Japanese]

1969 Volume 13 Issue 2 Pages 109-110
Published: June 25, 1969
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.13.109

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