Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 1347-6068
Print ISSN : 0021-4914
ISSN-L : 0021-4914
Volume 14, Issue 4
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
  • IV. Insecticidal Activities of Butyl- and Amyl-substituted Phenyl Carbamates on Planthoppers and Leafhoppers, and their Insecticidal Characteristics
    Hikaru KAZANO, Yasuhisa KUROSU, Masaru ASAKAWA, Kazuo FUKUNAGA
    1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 173-181
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Insecticidal activities of 13 butyl- and amyl-substituted phenyl carbamates on the smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus FALLÉN, and the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER, were evaluated by the dry film method. The relationship between the chemical structure of compounds and their biological activities, reported in previous papers, have also been taken into observation in the present study. 2-sec-Butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (BPMC), 3-tert-butylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (TBPMC), and 3-tert-amylphenyl N-methylcarbamate (TAPMC) showed high toxicity to planthoppers and leafhoppers. The LD50 values of these 3 carbamates by the dry film method and by the topical application method were also determined. Most of the carbamate insecticides, except TBPMC and carbaryl, showed high toxicity to the smaller brown planthopper in their gaseous state. KT50 values of BPMC, TBPMC, and TAPMC were nearly the same as with other carbamate insecticides with regard to the smaller brown planthopper, but somewhat larger to the green rice leafhopper. The increase of LD50 values of BPMC, TBPMC, and TAPMC with descending temperature was observed to be little on the green rice leafhopper, and was as large as that of carbaryl on the smaller brown planthopper. The results of spraying tests, using the rice plants cultivated in Wagner's pots, showed that the residual insecticidal activities of TBPMC and TAPMC were comparatively large, but that of BPMC was small. Insecticidal activities of TBPMC and TAPMC reached its maximum a little later than PHC (2-isopropoxyphenyl N-methylcarbamate) and MIPC (2-isopropylphenyl N-methylcarbamate) by application into pot water. Their residual effects were as large as those of PHC and MIPC with respect to the smaller brown planthopper, but were inferior to those of PHC and MIPC when used on the green rice leafhopper. The residual effect of BPMC lasted longer than carbaryl but shorter than PHC and MIPC.
    Download PDF (923K)
  • 3. Seasonal Development on the Transitional Zone from the Univoltine to the Bivoltine Areas in the Rice Stem Borer
    Ken-ichi KISHINO
    1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 182-190
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Studies were made to clarify factors controlling voltinism and the bionomics of the rice stem borer in the transitional zone from the univoltine to the bivoltine areas. Post-diapause development of the hibernated larvae, growth and photoperiodic responses of larvae from several transitional locations were investigated under controlled laboratory conditions of temperature and photoperiod. The post-diapause development and the larval growth under non-diapause conditions in the univoltine populations were both slower than in the bivoltine ones, and the univoltine populations required longer photoperiods than the bivoltine ones to enter diapause. Borers representing different areas differed significantly in their responses to day-length and temperature. Furthermore, univoltine and bivoltine populations were of different strains, which caused variation in their ecological characteristics, and their seasonal life cycles were accounted from their ecological characteristics. As development of the post-diapause larvae of the univoltine populations was more prolonged and added to this, as larvae in earlier stages susceptible to photoperiods were subjected to day-lengths shorter than the threshold length preventing diapause, they necessalily enter diapause. In the region between univoltine and bivoltine areas, individuals which had two-generations a year and one-generation a year were observed to intermingle with each other. In such regions two kinds of larvae were observed in the first generation, namely one was able to pupate and other failed to pupate.
    Download PDF (1173K)
  • Hideo OHKAWA, Morifusa ETO, Yasuyoshi OSHIMA
    1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 191-194
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Salithion, an insecticide analogous to TOCP-metabolite, did not cause ataxia in chickens injected with a total of 80mg/kg in daily doses. Salithion-32P was synthesized and administered orally to mice and topically to houseflies. Autoradiography of body slices and radioassay of whole body and excreta indicated that Salithion was rapidly decomposed in mice and excreted. Chloroform-soluble 32P in the body was only 2.4% of the administered 32P at three hours after treatment. On the other hand, Salithion persisted in the houseflies for a relatively long time. More than 4% of the applied or 10% of the absorved Salithion was found in the chloroform-soluble fraction of houseflies at 24 hours after treatment. Besides Salithion, only its oxo analog was detected in the chloroform-soluble fraction by the autoradiogram of thin layer chromatography.
    Download PDF (1086K)
  • Akio ÔTAKE
    1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 195-203
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Concerning adults of the smaller brown planthopper in its second emergence, the relationship between catching at yellow pan water traps and spacial distribution, and their numerical fluctuation on the early-season transplanted rice plots was studied. The catching showed variability among water traps set on the same rice plot, while the heterogeniety of spacial distribution on a plot was generally low. Even when distributional heterogeniety was high enough for detection, the phenomenon was not reflected on the catching records at the water traps. A general peak in the catching curve tended to appear before the commencement of the intensive arrival of flying adults to the rice plots. From this, the yellow pan water trap can be said to be effective for forecasting the invasion of planthoppers into rice plots.
    Download PDF (919K)
  • VIII. Effects of Soil Application and Top-Dressing of Ethylthiometon Granules on Animal Population, especially Pests and Predators, in a Soy-Bean Field
    Takashi KOBAYASHI
    1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 204-213
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of 5% Di-syston granules upon animal community was compared between the soil application and the top-dressing method in a soy-bean field. The insecticide was applied at the rate of 4kg per 10a at about 40 days after sowing, and fluctuations in the arthropod population was examined for 9 weeks after the application. Throughout the period of investigation, both methods resulted in the effective control of aphids. In the suppressive effect on total pest population, especially on the sucking-type, top-dressing appeared superior than soil application for 3 to 5 weeks after application. Direct lethal effect of the insecticide upon some species of predators and on the total of carnivores was recognized just after the application for 3 to 7 days in the case of soil application and about 1 to 2 weeks in the case of top-dressing. Total foliar arthropod population in the top-dressing was at first lower than that in the soil application, but about 4 weeks later it became higher than or similar to that in the latter plot. Total arthropod population on the ground above a few cm in depth was always lower in the soil application than in the top-dressing. During the first 4 weeks of the investigation, the ratio of total carnivores to total arthropods was lower, and the ratio of total soy-bean pests to total arthropods or to total carnivores was higher in the soil application than in the top-dressing. From these facts, it seemed that not only in the direct effect of pest control but also in the total ecological influence, top-dressing is more promising for pest control than soil application, at least during the first 4 weeks after the insecticide is applied. It was observed that there was a clear tendency for some of the predators, phytophagous spider mites, and other foliar arthropods to be more intensively affected by top-dressing than by soil application, and this might be the results of differences in the fumigative and systemic action between the two methods of insecticidal applications.
    Download PDF (1257K)
  • Akira HASHIMOTO, Aiko HIROTANI
    1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 214-216
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (345K)
  • Hajime IKEMOTO
    1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 216-218
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
  • Katsuhiro TABATA, Tetsuo SAITO
    1970 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 218-222
    Published: December 25, 1970
    Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Download PDF (634K)
feedback
Top