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Volume 16 (1972)
- Issue 4 Pages 171-
- Issue 3 Pages 121-
- Issue 2 Pages 59-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 16, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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III. Effects of Amino Acids and Other Compounds on the Sucking ResponseKazushige SOGAWA1972 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 1-7
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of amino acids, sugars, and purine-pyrimidine bases on sucking response were examined for the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (STÅL). For this purpose, the number of honeydew droplets excreted and stylet sheaths produced by the female adults feeding on the aqueous solution of different compounds during the test period were counted, and the ratio of the honeydew droplets to stylet sheaths was used as an index to evaluate their phagostimulative effect. Of the amino acids tested in 1% concentration, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, D-aspartic acid, L-alanine, L-asparagine, and L-valine evoked a significantly stimulated sucking response. Generally they caused a reduction in the stylet sheath formation, but enhanced the honeydew excretion. Several kinds of mono- and oligosaccharides including sucrose also stimulated sucking, although to a lesser degree, at a concentration of 5%. Furthermore, sucrose was found to synergize the phagostimulative activity of L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, and L-asparagine. Four kinds of prine-pyrimidine bases showed no effect at 0.05% concentration. Basing on these results it seems likely that the free amino acids occurring in the rice plant such as L-aspartic acid, L-glutamic acid, L-alanine, L-asparagine, and L-valine play a major role in the sucking behavior of the brown planthopper.View full abstractDownload PDF (1510K) -
Jun MITSUHASHI, Kenji KOYAMA1972 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 8-17
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe smaller brown planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus FALLÉN, has been reared continuously for over 10 generations on holidic diets. By letting the planthoppers lay their eggs on Parafilm M membrane, the planthoppers were maintained free of their natural host plants for many generations. On holidic diets the nymphal growth was retarded but became improved after the 4th generation, although it was still slower than the controls even at the 10th generation. Nymphal mortality showed similar trends to nymphal growth, increasing up to the 3rd generation and decreasing thereafter. It was also noted that the resulting adults on holidic diets showed apparently no difference in size compared with the controls. In artificial rearing the multiplication rate of the planthoppers were extremely low, probably because of the inadequacy in the collecting methods of their eggs and their preservation. Mortality was found to be very high just after hatching. Therefore, the rearing conditions for the first instar nymphs were examined, and the following became evident. A shorter vessel is better than a taller vessel and as for light source, yellow, orange and red colors are preferable. The higher the relative humidity, the better is the survivorship. The preferred temperature for the first instar nymphs ranges from 15°C to 23°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1031K) -
I. Ecological DistributionYoshio NAKAMURA1972 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 18-23
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study deals with the ecological distribution of the lumbricid earthworms which were hand sorted from 91 localities in Hokkaido during 1965-1969. The lumbricids were often found together with megascolecids, the other family of megadrilid earthworms in Hokkaido. Though the former were dominant at many of the sampling localities, it was noted that when the land was cultivated and cropped the latter increased in number, even though the land was located at rather high altitudes. From seashore to tops of high mountains, the following species of Lumbricidae ranged: Allolobophora japonica MICHAELSEN (A and B forms), A. caliginosa (SAVIGNY), A. rosea (SAVIGNY), Bimastus tenuis (EISEN), Eisenia foetida (SAVIGNY) and Dendrobaena octaedra (SAVIGNY). Each species had its own peculiar habitat, but a little similarity in habitat (AGRELL INDEX) was observed between A. japonica (A) and D. octaedra. The sampling localities were divided into 13 types in reference to land utilization, and high similarities in the composition of the Lumbricidae (RENKONEN INDEX) were measured at two combinations: broad-leaved forests and secondary vegetations after the destruction of the natural forest; grasslands and pastures. The relationship between species composition and vegetation types or the soil types are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (748K) -
II. Types of Neurosecretory Cells in the BrainYoshiaki KONO, Masahiko KOBAYASHI1972 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 24-31
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNeurosecretory cells in the brain of Pieris rapae crucivora were observed electron microscopically when the incidence of pupal diapause was determined humorally. Four types of NSC (neurosecretory cell) were classified according to the features of cell structure, i.e. cell size, evagination of glial cells into NSC, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi body, and especially, size of the secretory granules. There were two NSC-I's containing secretory granules of ca. 100mμ in diameter and about ten NSC-II's with 220-240mμ secretory granules in the dorsal part of the pars intercerebralis. And there were two NSC-III's with 180-350mμ secretory granules in the frontal part of the pars intercerebralis and several NSC-IV's with ca. 120mμ and larger secretory granules in the dorsolateral part of the brain. NSC-II's were presumed to be the source of the brain hormone (thoracotrophic hormone), because remarkable differences in cell activity were observed between diapause individuals and the non-diapause ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (6555K) -
Iwao TAKASE, Hideko TSUDA1972 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 32-39
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were conducted to determine the gas effect of Disulfoton (0, 0-diethyl S-[2-(ethylthio) ethyl] phosphorodithioate) by using sealed containers. Disulfoton vaporizing into the air was collected by using sealed containers containing bean plants. Plants were extracted with acetone and determined by gas liquid chromatography with a flame photometric detector. When plants were exposed to Disulfoton vaporizing into the container for 24 hours, Disulfoton and its oxidative metabolites had been found in the bean plants in the rate of 10.0ppm. The results obtained were: Disulfoton 70%; Disulfoton sulfoxide 13%; Disulfoton sulfone 14%; and Disulfoton oxygen analogs 3%. Disulfoton applied to soils was found as being metabolized by plant and the soil to the corresponding sulfoxide, sulfone derivatives and oxygen analogs of Disulfoton. Only a very small amount of the total activity extracted from the plant could be found as Disulfoton. These facts were quite different from the rate of gas effect and systemic effect of Disulfoton and its metabolites on plants. These processes of gas effect are considered to be related to the physical and chemical properties of Disulfoton and its oxidative metabolites. Disulfoton which has gas effect had high vapor pressure and high volatalization.View full abstractDownload PDF (1583K) -
Akio MIYAZAKI, Hachiro HONDA, Tetsuo SAITO, Katsura MUNAKATA1972 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 40-43
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttempts were made to isolate attractants for fruit-piercing moths, Adris tyrannus amurensis STAUDINGER, and Oraesia excavata BUTLER. Insect attractive fraction was obtained by condensing the air stream passed over the grape in metal containers. The condensate was extracted with ethyl ether and active component was obtained in neutral and non carbonyl fraction. This component was fractionated by column and gas chromatography, but it has not yet been identified.View full abstractDownload PDF (405K) -
Makoto NAKAJIMA1972 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 44-49
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study deals with the determination whether or not the incorporation of base analogues into DNA occurs in the early instar larvae of silkworm, Bombyx mori. When the larvae are administered with 5-bromouracil (BU) containing BU-2-14C through the first and the second instar, a radioactive DNA and its hydrolysate with some of the properties of BU could be isolated from the larvae just after the second ecdysis. From cytological and autoradiographical observations using 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR)-6-3H, the incorporation of BUdR into the nuclei was restricted within their DNA synthetic period in various tissues. It is speculated that when larvae are administered with BUdR at its various stages during the first instar, the change in mortarity is in parallel with the incorporation of BUdR into the nuclei of almost all the tissues, and that the same type of parallelism was true between changes in the frequency of the production of aberrant spots and of BUdR incorporation into the nuclei of epidermis which is considered a critical tissue.View full abstractDownload PDF (2310K) -
Kenji KOYAMA1972 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 50-51
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (245K) -
Tomohiro ONO, Kisabu IYATOMI, Tetsuo SAITO1972 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 51-53
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (929K) -
Yasushi UESUMI1972 Volume 16 Issue 1 Pages 53-55
Published: March 25, 1972
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1279K)
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