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Volume 23 (1979)
- Issue 4 Pages 207-
- Issue 3 Pages 129-
- Issue 2 Pages 55-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 23, Issue 4
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Shoei OTSU1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 207-211
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe investigation was carried out to evaluate food preference as an attracting bait for the wild rat, Rattus argentiventer, in the rice fields of Muara Substation of CRIA, Bogor in Indonesia, at the milk stage of rice. The tests and investigations were conducted in April 1978, when the season changed from wet to dry. Tests conducted on 13 kinds of foods showed that roasted salted fish, roasted crab, roasted shrimp paste and sardine were eaten in small amount whereas 9 other kinds of foods were not consumed. Baits which had tooth marks and body odor belonging to wild rat of the same species were preferred. Among them, the favourite baits were roasted salted fish and sweet corn. However, in taking into consideration the availability, low cost and easy preservation for a long period of time of the bait, roasted salted fish with tooth marks and body odor of wild rat of the same species was thought to be the best attracting bait for the wild rat, R. argentiventer.View full abstractDownload PDF (534K) -
Studies on Soil Animals in Grasslands. VYoshio NAKAMURA1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 212-219
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSoil samples for a TULLGREN funnel were taken from a depth of 0-5cm on each of twenty two sampling dates during 1971-1975. Faunal makeups of soil microarthropods were similar among three habitats-the forest (the natural forest withe Quercus and Miscanthus), the grassland of plough cultivation and the grassland of hoof cultivation. In each habitat, the majority of total population was Acarina and Collembola. Especially Acarina was the largest, being 85% in the forest, and 63-64% in the two types of grasslands. Changes of total and Acarina populations were peculiar to each habitat. Mites of suborder, Pro-, Meso-, A- and Cryptostigmata were obtained, and Meso- and Cryptostigmata were the main acarine groups in each habitat. The number of oribatid species obtained from each habitat was 27 (in 1971) and 14 (in 1975) in the forest, 12 and 4 in the grassland of hoof cultivation and 9 and 4 in the grassland of plough cultivation. The similarity in species composition of Cryptostigmata evaluated by using the Cλ-index. It was found that the degree of similarity in species composition was lower between the forest and the grassland than between the two grasslands, especially in 1975.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
Effect of pH on the Growth of Bacillus thuringiensis in Soil ExtractsYoshio AKIBA, Yasutaka SEKIJIMA, Keio AIZAWA, Nobuo FUJIYOSHI1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 220-223
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of pH of soil extracts on the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis was investigated in 8 soil samples from 3 mulberry plantations. PH of soil extracts was adjusted with 0.1N HCl or 0.1N NaOH and B. thuringiensis (strain AF101 and subsp. kurstaki) was inoculated. Strain AF101 could grow in 5 samples of soil extracts with a pH of 6.1-6.7 but could not grow in 3 samples with a pH of 4.5-4.8. When soil extracts in which strain AF101 could grow were adjusted to pH 4.5-5.6, the strain could not grow. When soil extracts in which strain AF101 could not grow were adjusted to pH 5.4-8.5, the strain was able to grow. The growth of subsp. kurstaki in soil extracts showed the same trends as those observed with AF101. It was concluded that B. thuringiensis could not grow when pH of soil extracts was acid and the growth occurred at pH 5.5 for strain AF101 and at pH 4.8 for subsp. kurstaki.View full abstractDownload PDF (501K) -
Masae SHIYOMI, Akira TAKAI1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 224-229
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe negative hyper-geometric distribution was introduced to describe the spatial pattern of disease infection or insect infestation among plant individuals in the field. This model contains two parameters, one of which, α, can be used as the same dispersion measure as κ in the negative binomial distribution, α has a close relation with MORISITA's (1959, 1962) indices. The negative hyper-geometric distridution generates the negative binomial, binomial and Poisson distributions as its special cases. It was used for a study of the spatial pattern of yellow dwarf disease of rice plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (633K) -
Akira HASHIMOTO, Shozaburo KITAOKA1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 230-234
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIncorporation of [U-14C] acetate into the lipids of scale insect Icerya purchasi was investigated. The insects were placed on a Parafilm® membrane over a liquid food containing the labelled compound and allowed to suck up the liquid through the stylet piercing the membrane in the dark. The marker was incrorporated into individual lipid classes, and after 1 hour of feeding the relative radioactivities of the classes were as follows: phospholipids>(S)-3-acetyl-1, 2-diacylglycerols (ADG)>free fatty acids≈diacylglycerols>normal triacylglycerols (n-TG)>monoacylglycerols. The ADG was fractionated into acetyl, diacyl and glyceryl moieties to determine the distribution of radioactivity within ADG. The acetyl moiety from the 3-position of sn-glycerol contained a higher percentage of radioactivity than any of other moieties. However, by feeding for 3 to 12 hours, the radioactivity was higher in the diacyl and glyceryl moieties, with marked decrease in the acetyl moiety. These results suggest that ADG is a carrier of the acetyl group and a link in the formation of n-TG. Analysis of fatty acids in the lipids showed that the marker was also incorporated into the di-unsaturated acid fraction, which consisted almost entirely of linoleic acid suggesting the de novo synthesis of this fatty acid by the insect. In the experiment using ovipositing insects, the marker was found to be incorporated into the lipids in both the eggs and egg sacs, and also into the mother bodies indicating that the insects continue feeding even during the preiod of oviposition.View full abstractDownload PDF (596K) -
Nozomu FUJIYOSHI, Kazuki MIYASHITA, Kenjiro KAWASAKI1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 235-239
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMating inhibition of the diamond back moth with synthetic sex pheromone, a mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal and (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate in a ratio of 1:1, was evaluated. Constant and high mating rate of the diamond back moth was obtained by feeding 5% solution of honey after emergence. Effect of different concentrations of the sex pheromone on the mating rate of 3 pairs of insects placed in a 300ml flask was evaluated. After 8 hours of exposure, the females were dissected and examined to determine whether they had mated successfully or not. Mating rate in control plot was about 80% and a reduction of the mating rate was proportional to the amount of the pheromone used. Mating was completely inhibited at the dosage of 100μg per flask. In the hourly observation of a number of mating pairs, there was a delay in mating of about 30min. following the treatments of 0.1μg and 1.0μg as compared with those in the untreated plot.View full abstractDownload PDF (614K) -
Shoei SHIRASAKI, Masateru YAMADA, Rikiro SATO, Kaoru YAGINUMA, Masaaki ...1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 240-245
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of field trapping of males of the peach fruit moths was conducted with synthetic pheromonal compounds, (Z)-7-eicosen-11-one (compound A) and (Z)-7-nonadecen-11-one (compound B), in apple and peach orchards in Aomori and Fukushima Prefectures. Polyethylene capsule and polyethylene cap were better than two different rubber septa as dispensers of synthetic pheromonal compounds A and B (20: 1 ratio) at the level of 0.1 to 0.3mg per dispenser, though no difference was observed at the level of 1.0 to 3.0mg per dispenser. Trap catch of male moths increased as the amount increases from 0.1 to 3.0mg per dispenser. Synergistic effect of compound B on trap catch was not observed, and compound A alone was enough as a bait for male peach fruit moths. Additions of (E)-isomers of compounds A and B, and (Z)-and (E)-7-alken-11-ones of carbon number 17, 18, 21, and 23 at the level upto 10% of 20: 1 mixture of compounds A and B showed no effect on the attractiveness.View full abstractDownload PDF (1258K) -
Shinkichi KOMAZAKI, Yasusuke SAKAGAMI, Ryoji KORENAGA1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 246-250
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOverwintering eggs of aphids on citrus trees were studied over two winter seasons from 1976 to 1978. Three aphid species, namely the black citrus aphid Toxoptera citricidus (KIRKALDY), the green citrus aphid Aphis citricola VAN DER GOOT, and the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii GLOVER, oviposited on citrus trees in late fall. Overwintering of the last species was ascertained in the present study. Many eggs of the green citrus aphid and the cotton aphid, but few eggs of the black citrus aphid were found on citrus trees. The overwintered eggs of the green citrus aphid and the cotton aphid hatched in the next spring while the hatched larvae settled on the sprouting buds and the fundatricis produced the second generation to increase exponentially until many alate emigrants were produced. The black citrus aphid settled on the buds and developed to adult fundatrices, but produced no second generation. The distribution of overwintering eggs per tree in the green citrus aphid and the cotton aphid were different. Larval hatching rates of the overwintered eggs were almost the same among the three species. But survival rates of larvae from hatching to settling on the buds and from settling to emergence were different in the three species, especially in the black citrus aphid these rates were very low. In the green citrus aphid, alate viviparae from overwintered eggs on citrus trees appeared earlier than those which had migrated from other host plants outside the citrus grove. In contrast with the cotton aphid, the immigration of alate viviparae from other host plants occurred earlier than the appearance of those from overwintered eggs on citrus trees. The overwintered eggs of the green citrus aphid on citrus trees may play a major role in the spring infestation of citrus trees unlike those of the cotton aphid.View full abstractDownload PDF (671K) -
Sadao WAKAMURA1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 251-256
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFemales of Agrotis fucosa were tethered on the top of sticks in a field. They were observed to mate with wild males that were attracted from their leeside. Male moths were also attracted to the extract of virgin female abdominal tips and to the extract of filter paper that was previously exposed to secretions of virgin females. These observations demonstrate that sex attractant pheromone was released from females and played an important role in the attraction of males, and that sex pheromone gland was present on the tip of the female abdomen. In summer, mating was observed mainly from midnight to dawn, and in spring and autumn, it was observed earlier than in summer. The time of mating initiation seemed to be regulated by both circadian rhythm and temperature. The duration of mating was longer in spring and autumn than in summer. The termination of mating appeared to be hastened with the approach of dawn. Calling behavior was observed in the same period as the mating, and it was related to the age of females.View full abstractDownload PDF (1232K) -
Kunihiko FURUSAWA, Okitsugu YAMASHITA, Tetsuo SAITO1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 257-259
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (391K) -
Kazuo KAWADA, Tamotsu MURAI1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 260-261
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (808K) -
Ichiro KOJIMA, Isamu NAKAYAMA1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 261-263
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (399K) -
Seiichi MORIYA1979 Volume 23 Issue 4 Pages 263-265
Published: November 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (337K)
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