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Volume 24 (1980)
- Issue 4 Pages 205-
- Issue 3 Pages 137-
- Issue 2 Pages 49-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 24, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Yasushi WASHIZUKA1980 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 205-210
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe contents of inorganic phosphorus in 59 species of insects and their foods were analyzed and the phosphorus contents were compared with respect to the food habit and food chain relation. The phosphorus contents were 5.42ppm in coprophagous, 3.56ppm in zoosarcophagous, 3.17ppm in zoosaprophagous, 2.93ppm in melliphagous, 2.79ppm in menorhycha, 2.14ppm in phytosuccivorous, and 2.04ppm in phytophagous insects, respectively. The values in carabid beetles, Apotomopterus dehaani CHAUDOIR (prey; Pieris rapae crucivora BOISDUVAL and Mamestra brassicae LINNÉ) and Damaster blaptoides KOLLAR (prey; Spodoptera litura FABRICIUS) were higher than those in preys. Phosphorus was more concentrated in predator animals than preys. This tendency was observed in 94% of the cases examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (780K) -
I. Experiment in Taro FieldHisashi NEMOTO, Kenichi TAKAHASHI, Atsuo KUBOTA1980 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 211-216
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA mass trapping experiment was conducted in a field of 27ha, in Kawagoe, Saitama Pref., in 1978. The following vegetables were cultivated in this field: 7ha of taro, 5ha of sweet potato, 10ha of carrot and 5ha of radish. Northern and southern margins of the field were surrounded by windbreaks while the other two sides were open. 52 dry type traps (made by Takeda Chemical Ind. Ltd.) baited with “litlure” (a synthesized sex pheromene for S. litura, which is a mixture of 4.55mg (Z, E)-9, 11-tetradecadienyl acetate and 0.45mg of (Z, E)-9, 12, tetradecadienyl acetate) were arranged in the experimental field in a grid-like pattern. Throughout the seasons (June to October), the number of males of S. litura captured in traps set in the inner part of the field was always lower than that in outer traps. The density of larval colonies on leaves of taro plants in the inner part of the experimental field also remained low until Sept. 18, but thereafter increased and became the density identical with in the outer part of the field. This reduction of larval density in the experimental field was also apparent when compared with the density in the control field (without trap).View full abstractDownload PDF (2513K) -
Chisato HIRANO1980 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 217-220
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe efficiency of sex pheromone-baited traps for trapping male Spodoptera litura involves at least two components-attraction efficiency which is concerned with the ability of the trap to attract moths from a distance, and capture efficiency which is concerned with the ability to catch attracted moths. Capture efficiency of box type trap and water-pan trap, both being baited with the sex pheromone blend (litlure, 5mg in a rubber septum), was estimated to be 19% and 17%, respectively, by counting the number of attracted and captured male moths. Male moths were attracted to a trap from a distance in upwind, straight, and level flight, but, at a distance from the trap usually within the range of 2-3m, they reduced the speed of the flight, performing a slow flight as if they were floating. Closer to the trap, forward progression was halted, and after about 10sec more than half of them abruptly flew away. The remainder approached gradually the trap and only a few individuals were occasionally caught in the trap. Although the reason for the poor capture efficiency of the two traps is obscure, both the trap structures and pheromone concentrations do not seem to play a major role.View full abstractDownload PDF (1031K) -
Yoshio TAMAKI, Hiroshi NOGUCHI, Hajime SUGIE, Akira KARIYA, Shigeru AR ...1980 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 221-228
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSR-isomer of 10-methyldodecyl acetate (10-Me-12Ac), a minor component of the female sex-attractant pheromone of the smaller tea tortrix moth, has a slightly higher activity than the S-isomer though the difference is not significant. Racemic 10-Me-12Ac can be used as a component of synthetic lure. Optimum dose of 10-Me-12Ac is 10 to 100 times that of the natural ratio. Optimum ratio of (Z)-9- and (Z)-11-tetradecenyl acetates (Z9-14Ac and Z11-14Ac), major components of the pheromone, ranged from 70:30 to 30:70. Optimum dose of (E)-11-tetradecenyl acetate (E11-14Ac), another minor component, was 1 to 40% that of the major components. Addition of (E)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (E9-14Ac) at amounts exceed-ing 1% of that of the major components inhibited remarkably the activity of the lure. A standard mixture composed of 0.63mg Z9-14Ac, 0.31mg Z11-14Ac, 0.04mg E11-14Ac, and 2.0mg 10-Me-12Ac (R, S, or racemic) loaded on a plastic dispenser was more potent as an attractant lure for male moth than a virgin female.View full abstractDownload PDF (990K) -
Fumiki TAKAHASHI, Masao GOHDA, Atsuo AKAYAMA1980 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 229-233
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe three species of tadpole shrimps (Branchiopoda: Triopsidae) were studied with regard to their life tables under experimentally controlled conditions with water at a temperature of 21-22°C. Many eggs hatched 2-3 days after submergence and the shrimps grew rapidly in repeating ecdysis. Triops granarius started oviposition 8 days, T. longicaudatus 10 days and T. cancriformis 16 days after hatching, respectively. The carapace length increased rapidly after egg hatching and steadily after the peak of oviposition. The survivorship curve declined steeply after the peak of oviposition. However, some individuals survived further even after oviposition had ceased and their carapace length increased steadily until their death. Almost all the individuals of T. longicaudatus oviposited daily and those of T. cancriformis at the peak period of oviposition, while in T. granarius, about 90% of the females oviposited. The total number of eggs deposited by each individual was largest in T. longicaudatus and smallest in T. granarius. For the purpose of biological control of paddy weeds T. granarius was expected to be most useful among the three species because of its rapid development and early oviposition.View full abstractDownload PDF (601K) -
Akira TAKAI, Masae SHIYOMI1980 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 234-240
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe negative hyper-geometric distribution was introduced to describe the spatial pattern of disease infection or insect infestation among plant individuals in the field. This model contains two parameters, one of which determines the level of dispersion of infected or infested plants. The other determines the level of dispersion of undamaged plants in the field. These parameters were used to estimate the sizes of patches of infested rice plants with yellow dwarf disease as well as those of uninfested plants.View full abstractDownload PDF (810K) -
Toshiyuki KAWAKAMI, Fukuo NAKAJIMA, Kazuyuki TANAKA1980 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 241-245
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSurface structure of the egg-shell in the Japanese tusser and Chinese tusser was observed by means of scanning electron-microscopy. Fine structure of the egg-shell was similar to both of two moths, Japanese tusser and Chinese tusser. And the surface structure was as follows: Two layers of the petal-like pattern were observed around micropyle. At the surface other than the surroundings of micropyle (general portion), the egg-shell was composed of polygontal sectional part divided by the bank-like structure, aeropyles were observed to be covered with the barnacle-like processes (Japanese tusser) or the tulip-like processes (Chinese tusser). Changing courses of structure were observed between the surroundings of micropyle and the general portion.View full abstractDownload PDF (3117K) -
Hiroshi SOEMORI, Shigehiko TSUKAGUCHI, Hiroaki NAKAMORI1980 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 246-250
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMating ability and mating competitiveness were compared between mass-reared and wild strains of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae COQUILLETT. Mass-reared (L-) strain originated from the culture maintained for about 33-41 generations under artificial rearing conditions in the Mass-rearing Facilities in Ishigaki Is. Wild (W-) strain was collected from infested fruit, or was caught by a cue-lure trap in the field. When a pair of male and female flies were confined in a cage (30×30×45cm), the percentage of mated pairs was larger in L-strain than in W-strain. Supply of some pieces of sliced pumpkin in the cage increased mating ability of W-strain. In the four experiments, in which three different combinations of flies such as (1) W-female, W-male, L-male, (2) L-female, W-male, L-male, (3) W-male, W-female, L-female, (4) L-male, W-female, L-female, were confined in a cage, L-male×L-female pair mair mated most frequently, and W-male×W-female pair mated infrequently. In the experiments using larger cages (180×180×180cm) or when the smaller density of flies per cage was lower, mating competitiveness of W-males increased and that of L-males decreased. These results suggest that L-strain is adapted to artificial diet and narrow space under massrearing conditions. It was concluded that the evaluation of mating-competitiveness of the mass-reared sterile males in the small-cage experiments can not give a precise indication of the competitiveness under field conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (625K) -
Azusa FUJIIE1980 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 251-253
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLinear relationship was found between the cumulative heat units above the lower threshold of development and the probit of cumulative percentage of adult catches. The cumulative heat units estimated by using the equations were 120 day-degrees for the development from pupa to adult in the overwintered generation and 430, 480, and 580 day-degrees for the completion of development (egg-adult) in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd generations, respectively. Diapause was induced under the condition of short day-length, and the critical day-length was estimated to be about 13hr. 30min.View full abstractDownload PDF (371K) -
Kenjiro KAWASAKI, Yoshio TAMAKI1980 Volume 24 Issue 4 Pages 253-255
Published: November 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe most effective trap height was estimated to be near the plucking surface of tea plants, regardless of the height of the tea plants. Few male moths were captured in a small uncultivated field among tea fields suggesting that there is a close relationship between the mating behavior and the host plant.View full abstractDownload PDF (411K)
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