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Volume 25 (1981)
- Issue 4 Pages 213-
- Issue 3 Pages 141-
- Issue 2 Pages 63-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 25, Issue 4
Displaying 1-17 of 17 articles from this issue
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Kazuo NOZATO1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 213-218
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdult emergence prevalence, fecundity, oviposition process of the moths and hatchability of the eggs in the overwintering generation were examined in the laboratory (natural temperature). Egg deposition of some eighty females after mating was controlled under different night illumination periods, and oviposition habit of moths after illumination treatment was examined as in the case of the normal individuals. A model for the oviposition habit of the moths and rice transplanting interaction system was made, and the numbers of hatching larvae in the first generation were estimated by the model. This simulation model showed that the numbers were rapidly decreased when rice transplanting took place later than at the peak of adult emergence: the numbers decreased by 50% after 5-7 day delay and 90% after 12-15 day delay.View full abstractDownload PDF (637K) -
Masaru HONDO1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 219-228
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe larvae of Spilarctia imparilis hatched from an egg mass in fall formed a communal nestweb and persisted in dense aggregation until hibernation. Effects of the aggregation size on the mortality process of S. imparilis were studied at Nanseicho, Mie Prefecture in 1977 and 1978. The predation by ants was found to be the major mortality factor for the eggs and first-instar larvae. Eggs tended to die as a unit of egg mass and there was no consistent relationship between the rate of eggs killed by predation and the egg mass size, possibly due to the ants attacking egg-masses continuously. The egg-masses tended to form clusters in each tree. There was a negative correlation between the number of egg masses per tree and the rate of egg masses killed by predation. Moreover, the larger the number of hatchlings from an egg mass the higher the survival rate of first- and second-instar larvae. Smaller aggregations tended to be destroyed completely during the early larval stages. The protective role of S. imparilis groups against the predation pressure is discussed and it is concluded that concentrated deposition of egg masses on host plants should have a protective role against the strong predation pressure during the early stages of development of S. imparilis in the urban areas of the southern coast of Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (1280K) -
Hiroshi SOEMORI, Hiroaki NAKAMORI1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 229-235
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new strain of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae COQUILLETT, was able to produce successive generations by mass rearing and its reproductive characteristics were studied in the mass rearing facility of Ishigaki, Okinawa, Japan, from 1978 to 1980.
Production of successive generations of the new strain consisted of three steps; 1) (0-3 generations from introduction) establishment of an initial stock, 2) (4-7 generations) selection to achieve high fecundity and 3) (8-9 generations) replacement of the old strain by the new strain. The target values of egg production (40ml per 50, 000 flies), percentage recovery of pupae from eggs (70 percent) and the percentage emergence of adults from pupae (90 percent) were attained in the 7th, 5th and 6th generations from introduction, respectively.
Reproductive characteristics such as the trend of oviposition, survivorship and accumlative mating occurrence under laboratory conditions were compared among wild, new and old strains, in a number of generations in the range of about 0-1, 13 and 60-61, respectively from introduction.
The great majority of adults of the new strain and the old one mated earlier and laid more eggs earlier as compared with those of the wild strain. The longevity of the new strain was higher than that of the old strain and much higher than that of the wild strain.
These results suggest that selection for high fecundity resulted in a change in other reproductive characters such as survivorship and mating occurrence.View full abstractDownload PDF (974K) -
Sohei YASUDA1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 236-243
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStudies were carried out on the identification of insects acting as natural enemies of Pseudaulacaspis pentagona TARGIONI and on their seasonal prevalence in the Tohoku district. The natural enemies identified were as follows: Aspidiotiphagus citrinus CRAW, Anabrolepis lindingaspidis TACHIKAWA, and Anicetus sp. of Hymenoptera, Chalcidoiea. These had never been recognized as parasitic natural enemies of P. pentagona. On the other hand Rodolia limbata MOTSCHULSKY, Stethorus sp. Sukunahikona japonica H. KAMIYA, Scymnus hilaris MOTSCHULSKY, Nephus phosphorus LEWIS, Serangium japonicum CHAPIN, Cybocephalus nipponicus ENDRODY-YOUNGA of Coleoptera were acting as predators. In addition two kinds of predacious natural enemies Dentifibula sp. and Lestodiplosis sp. of Diptera, Cecidomyiidae were recorded for the first time in Japan. The seasonal prevalence and abundance of parasitic wasps and predacious natural enemies in a mulberry plantation were also investigated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1527K) -
Takeshi UJIYE1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 244-248
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhyllonorycter sorbicola is known as an apple pest in Shikoku, Japan. Overwintering pupae were collected from apple orchards in the following localities: Shodoshima (Kagawa Pref.), Takamatsu (Kagawa Pref.) and Kamiita (Tokushima Pref.). These three populations were reared on young apple trees in Morioka. By applying the mass mating method, it was found that the Takamatsu population produced 66 to 84% of females, and the percentage of females increased steadily in the subsequent generations, whereas both Shodoshima and Kamiita populations produced about 50% of females regardless of the generation. On the other hand, the use of the single female mating method enabled to demonstrate that out of the nine females of the Takamatsu population that mated with males of the same population, eight yielded normal progenies, but one produced 13 females with no male. Furthermore, when nine females from this unisexual brood were crossed to males of the Kamiita population in using the single female mating method, six females yielded unisexual progenies and three yielded normal progenies. In contrast, when females obtained from a bisexual brood were crossed to males of the same or different brood, they produced normal bisexual progenies. In these experiments, it was also indicated that the abnormal females oviposited nearly the same number of eggs as the normal ones.View full abstractDownload PDF (642K) -
Yoshiomi KATO, Yasuo KATSU, Sakae SAKATE1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 249-252
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMating behavior and oviposition of A. yamamai moths were investigated under natural day-length and at room temperature using caged individuals. Virgin females took calling posture (extrusion of the abdominal tip) throughout night. Calling occurred even in 0-day-old females. In this species, presence of oak leaves was not required for the induction of calling, unlike in the case of A. polyphemus. Excited males caught the abdomen of females from the ventral side, and copulated with the females. Throughout the period of the first three days after emergence, virgin females showed high activity of copulation, whereas copulation activity of males was high only on the next day of emergence. Females which had copulated on the next or third day of emergence showed a great increase in oviposition rate for the following day, whereas two days were required for such increase in the females which had copulated on the day of emergence.View full abstractDownload PDF (1606K) -
Yasuhiko KONNO, Hiroshi HONDA, Yoshiharu MATSUMOTO1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 253-258
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo types of the yellow peach moth, Dichocrocis punctiferalis GUENÉE, namely the polyphagous fruit-feeder attacking the fruits of 30 species in 15 families of Angiospermae, and the other as the oligophagous Pinaceae-feeder attacking only young leaves of Pinus and Cedrus of Pinaceae have been known to occur in Japan. In the present study, the mechanism of reproductive isolation between these two types was investigated in the laboratory. Although the mating behavior and calling posture of these types were almost similar, the calling frequency of the Pinaceae-feeder was remarkably lower than that of the fruit-feeder. The mating time was slightly different between the two types, when these were caged separately under artificial conditions (15L9D), i.e., the peak of mating-time of Pinaceae-feeder was found to occur 1.5hr earlier than that of the fruit-feeder. Besides, these activities were significantly delayed in the presence of both sexes of the other type. The females of both types attracted not only the males of the same type, but also the males of different type in the laboratory attraction tests. This result suggests that the female sex-pheromones have a common component(s) enabling to attract the males of both types. However, in the mating-choice tests, in which males and females of both types were caged together, all matings occurred within the same type. Therefore, the mechanism under-laying sexual isolation must be different in the two types.View full abstractDownload PDF (1163K) -
Hiroshi NOGUCHI1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 259-264
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSReproduction capacity of the smaller tea tortrix moth was examined under laboratory conditions as the basis for utilization of sex pheromones for the control of this insect pest. Sex ratio of males and females which are polygamous was 1.2:1. Male has the ability to inseminate a female every day until 8 or 9 days after emergence. Mating resulted prolonging the longevity of the female moth, which oviposits all her fertile eggs only in the first mating. The second mating of female moths usually occurs when hatchability of eggs laid by this female decreases. However, fertility of the female was not improved by the second mating. Number of spermatophores detected in a female were not necessarily related to the mating frequency. About 10% of the females with one mating carried two spermatophores. Thus, estimation of female's mating frequency by the numbers of spermatophores would become inaccurate in the females with multiple matings. Prolonged pre-mating period was detrimented to fertility of adults. Eight-day pre-mating period brought about one tenth of the number of viable eggs compared with normal mating. This effect was especially conspicuous in the females and fertility was not recovered by mating with newly emerged adults.View full abstractDownload PDF (843K) -
Sadao WAKAMURA, Kazuo KEGASAWA, Tsunetoshi ENDO, Hiroichi MATSUURA, Ta ...1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 265-271
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe efficiency of the synthetic sex pheromone trap for Agrotis segetum was evaluated and compared with that of a light trap for forecasting at 7 stations in Japan. The pheromone trap caught 1.3-32 times more males and gave a more distinct fluctuation pattern of trap catches than the light trap throughout the flight seasons. The fluctuation pattern of the sex pheromone trap did not always correspond to that of the light trap because the light trap did not always catch a sufficient number of males to give rise to a distinct fluctuation pattern. Trapping efficiency of sex pheromone trap was found to fluctuate during a season, i.e. it was at a high level in spring and autumn, and at a low level in summer.View full abstractDownload PDF (900K) -
Chisato HIRANO1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 272-275
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA relatively constant trapping efficiency is necessary for the quantitative interpretation of pheromone trap catches in field population monitoring. Among variables that influence the trapping efficiency, trap location in relation to vegetation seems to be one of the most important factors. The work was undertaken to define the favorable trapping locations for surveying Spodoptera litura population. When the water-pan traps baited with ‘litlure’ were placed in open vegetable field and paddy field, both with a wide view, large numbers of moths were caught and seasonal change of the moth catches (averaged every 5 days) seemed to represent fairly the field population trend. Moth catches in the traps placed in small vegetable garden surrounded by shrubs showed some similar patterns to the open fields, but records were imprecise because of poorer daily catches with larger fluctuations. Seasonal change of moth catches under leafy shade trees was quite different from those in the other three locations examined; moths were hardly caught during seasons with relatively low population density, indicating unfavorable trap placement for monitoring purposes.View full abstractDownload PDF (457K) -
De-Xiang GU, Yosiaki ITÔ1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 276-279
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDensity of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER, often reaches a high level where direct damage to rice plants occurs in Hokuriku District, an area of Japan with heavy snow. In contrast, the density was maintained at a low level in Tôkai-Nisinippon District. Comparison of distribution patterns of the number of individuals per rice hill in the two districts showed that the patterns were slightly contagious in both districts, and there was no significant difference between either of them with respect to the distribution based on the density-mean crowding regression.View full abstractDownload PDF (452K) -
Kazushige SOGAWA, Akio SATO1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 280-285
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDifferential reactions of the Joetsu (Hokuriku) and Chikugo (Kyushu) populations of the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps, were comparatively studied to identify their biotypic differentiation. The reactions of the Joetsu-Chikugo hybrid progenies, and of other 13 local populations to IR 24 were also examined preliminarily.
Nymphs of the Joetsu population did not prefer the rice varieties, IR 24, IR 28, IR 32, and Kanto PL 3, whereas those of the Chikugo population accepted these varieties as well as susceptible varieties. High percentages of the Chikugo nymphs emerged to adults on these varieties, unlike the Joetsu nymphs. Although the first instar nymphs of the Joetsu and Chikugo populations excreted a nearly equal amount of honeydew on IR 24, the latter excreted much larger amounts of ninhydrin positive honeydew indicative of phloem sucking on IR 24 than did the former.
Nymphs of the F1 progeny from the crosses between the Joetsu and Chikugo populations showed a non-preference for IR 24, and only a few individuals reached the adult stage on the same variety. The host preference and nymphal growth responses to IR 24 of the F2 were intermediate between those of the parental populations.
The Kagoshima and Chikugo populations from Kyushu, and the Kainan population from South Shikoku had a normal ability to develop and reproduce on IR 24. The nymphal mortality of the Ino population from South Shikoku, and the Shirahama and Owase populations from the Kii Peninsula was high in the first generation on IR 24, but decreased markedly in the subsequent 2 to 3 generations on the variety. The first generation of the populations from Hokuriku, Kinki, San'in, and North Shikoku did not survive on IR 24, except the Sakai population which reached the third generation with a marked decrease in the number of individuals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1658K) -
II. Studies on a Milbemycins-Resistant Strain of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae KOCH (Acarina: Tetranychidae) Developed in the LaboratoryShinjirô YAMAMOTO, Akira NISHIDA1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 286-291
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA milbemycins-resistant strain (MR-strain) of the two-spotted spider mite, which was 100-170-fold as resistant as the parent susceptible strain (Sapporo S-strain) in the adult stage, and 10-fold in one-day old egg was developed through 24 selections with LC50 level pressure of milbemycins, a brown oily mixture (BOM), applied to the egg. Concentration of BOM 4-fold as high as the usual one, however, was sufficient to control the MR-strain living on young kidney bean plants. As a result of the mating test, milbemycin-resistance appears to be controlled by an incompletely dominant gene which exists on the autosome. Under a mixed-rearing test starting from a 1:1 mixture of resistant and susceptible mite populations, resistant population rate was found to increase after one month, but it remained at a stable level during the subsequent nine months. β-Naphthylacetate esterase zymogram pattern of the MR-strain obtained by electrophoresis somehow differed from that of the parent strain. After incubation at 25°C for 24 hours, a preparation of BOM mixed with the homogenate of MR-strain adult mite was less effective than that of the Sapporo S-strain in killing susceptible mites when topically applied to them.View full abstractDownload PDF (1214K) -
Mikio IGA1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 292-294
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
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Akira NOBUCHI1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 294-296
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPoecilips cardamomi (SCHAUFUSS) has been recorded for the first time in Japan (Honshû, Shikoku, and Kyûshû) and Taiwan as a pest of chestnut, acorn of Quercus serrata, crown of strawberry, stem of Cyathea spinulosa, and below bark of pine. The morphological characteristics enabling to differentiate this species from P. graniceps (EICHHOFF) are listed in Table 1. Picture of the adults and nests, and a description of the adult in Japanese are included.View full abstractDownload PDF (1143K) -
Chiyoko OKUMA, Ryoiti KISIMOTO1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 296-298
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 105 spiders were collected during the periods of July 13-16, 1979 and June 26 to July 6, 1980, in the central part of the East China Sea. A weather boat, Keifumaru, was located at 126°E and 31°N, about 400km offshore from the mainland. Three air borne tow nets 1m in diameter were set on the main mast, at a height of about 18m above the sea level, and emptied every three hours. All the spiders collected were alive and at the 2nd or 3rd instar stage. The majority of the spiders collected (101 out of 105) were identified as belonging to the Tetragnatha genus, the rest belong to Theridiidae, Erigonidae and Linphiidae families and addition to one injured individual. Ability of long distance dispersal of spiderlings of Tetragnatha was strongly suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (363K) -
Yoshinori ASHIDA1981 Volume 25 Issue 4 Pages 299-300
Published: November 25, 1981
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGastrophysa atrocyanea is a univoltine beetle which enters diapause at the adult stage. Storage at 5°C for at least 4 months or application of JH was necessary for ending the diapause. Sperm was not found in the prediapause period and even after 6 months' storage at 5°C throughout the total diapause period. A minimum of 3 months' exposure to 25°C was required for the sperm to form.View full abstractDownload PDF (1709K)
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