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Volume 26 (1982)
- Issue 4 Pages 213-
- Issue 3 Pages 149-
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 26, Issue 4
Displaying 1-18 of 18 articles from this issue
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Fujio KADONO, Hajime FUJISHIRO, Masako SHIINA, Azusa FUJIIE1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 213-217
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Seasonal population trends of the Japanese pear rust mite, Eriophyes chibaensis KADONO, were studied in a pear orchard in Chiba during the period 1979-1980. Emergence of the overwintered mites from hibernation sites started in late March and reached a peak in early April precisely when buds started opening. When the succulent shoots began to expand in late April, a few mites infested the leaves. In mid and late May, the number of mites infesting leaves at the upper part of succulent shoots increased rapidly and reached a peak from late June to early July. Thereafter the number decreased sharply till late July. On the other hand, mites on leaves at the lower part of succulent shoots and on clusters showed a low density throughout the growing season. When young leaves emerged after early August, mites continued to stay on these leaves till December. Mites, which were trapped on glass slides coated with silicon grease, included both adults and nymphs. Seasonal changes in the number of mites trapped on these slides corresponded well to those of mites on leaves. In early July, a considerable number of deutogynes were already observed at the base of bud scales as well as in scar crevices of succulent shoots, especially at the lower part of shoots, and thereafter the number of deutogynes declined drastically.View full abstractDownload PDF (610K) -
Takashi YAMAMOTO, Masayoshi ISHII, Toshihiro KATSUBE, Masato SORIN1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 218-223
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was shown that 17 out of 27 aphid species collected in the fields of Kagawa, Japan transmitted watermelon mosaic virus (WMV type 2). Eight aphid species, such as Aphis glycines MATSUMURA, Aulacorthum magnoliae (ESSIG et KUWANA), Aulacorthum nipponicum (ESSIG et KUWANA), Phorodon humuli japonensis TAKAHASHI, Rhodobium porosum (SANDERSON), Toxoptera citricidus (KIRKALDY), Uroleucon formosanum (TAKAHASHI) and Uroleucon (Uromelan) gobonis (MATSUMURA) were found to be new aphid vectors of WMV. Aulacorthum solani (KALTENBACH) and Rhopalosiphum padi (LINNÉ) were new to Japan. Four aphid species; Acyrthosiphon pisum (HARRIS), Aphis cracciaora KOCH, Aphis gossypii GLOVER and Myzus (Nectarosiphon) persicae (SULZER) transmitted the virus from diseased broadbean, garden pea, sweet pea and spinach to cucumber, or from diseased cucumber to these biennial crops. Since winter hosts of WMV have not yet been identified in western Japan where cucurbits do not grow in the winter season, the possible involvement of several winter hosts of the virus was evaluated.View full abstractDownload PDF (675K) -
Ken-o TOMITA, Tomio EBIHARA1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 224-227
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe granulosis virus of Hyphantria cunea (HcGV) was inoculated orally to 8 species of insects. A specific antigen was identified in dead individuals of Spilarctia subcarnea and S. imparilis, by electrosyneresis. The fat body cells of the inoculated insects became hypertrophied and were morphologically similar to those of Hyphantria cunea infected with HcGV. On the basis of these findings, the susceptibility of S. subcarnea and S. imparilis to HcGV was demonstrated. However HcGV was not infective to Euproctis pseudoconspersa, Numenea disparilis albofascia, Euproctis silimis, Clostera anastomosis tristis, Diaphania pyloalis and Bombyx mori.View full abstractDownload PDF (1250K) -
De-Xiang Gu, Yosiaki ITÔ1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 228-231
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLongevity of female adults of the green rice leafhopper, N. cincticeps, was evaluated in field cages by the group-marking method. The longevity of the first generation of adults ranged from 9 to 11 days for the strain from Takada, Hokuriku district, and 5 to 8 days for the strain from Chikugo, Tôkai-Nisinippon district, except for the period from adult eclosion to marking (c.a. 2 days on the average). The longevity of the second generation adults ranged from 18 to 35 days for the Takada strain and 15 to 17 days for the Chikugo strain. There was no difference in longevity between the two strains. The longest longevity was 84 days, in the second generation. Adults of the first and the second generations coexisted during a period of 40 to 50 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (377K) -
Tsutomu SAITO, Makoto SUZUKI1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 232-236
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCurculio camelliae attacking camellia fruit in Izu district was investigated ecologically. Adults were observed in camellia from late May to late July. They fed on the gelatinous contents of seeds by inserting a long rostrum through a shell. Females oviposited into seeds in June. Hatched larvae grew up till the 4th instar in the seed for a month. In late July, mature larvae started abandoning the fruit, by boring an exit hole, and dropped on the ground under the tree. Immediately after, they went underground and overwintered there. High percentages of bored seeds were observed especially in the Eastern and Southern area of Izu Peninsula. The susceptibility of weevil larvae to two entomogenous fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria tenella, was estimated by two inoculation techniques, i.e., dipping in spore suspensions or maintenance in spore-infested soil. Larvae showed a high susceptibility to infection with both fungi, and there was no significant difference in the effect between natural and autoclaved soil. It is concluded that M. anisopliae and B. tenella could become potential microbial control agents for the soil-inhabiting larvae of C. camelliae.View full abstractDownload PDF (1612K) -
Jun-ichi KAYUMI, Yoshiaki KONO, Toshi SAKASHITA, Yasuo SATO1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 237-241
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were conducted to analyse the effect of the application of Cartap granules to rice nursery boxes on the control of the rice water weevil. Reduced feeding, delayed ovarian development and suppressed oviposition were observed in the adult weevils fed rice leaves containing Cartap at sub-lethal concentrations. Larvae hatched on the treated plants died after feeding the roots containing the toxic agent at a higher concentration than that in the leaves.View full abstractDownload PDF (592K) -
Kazuo NOZATO1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 242-248
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious numbers of newly hatched larvae were placed artificially on rice plants treated with silicate fertilizer, and survival rates of borers were investigated. The survival rates in the treated plots were lower than those in the controls in all group sizes in the second generation. On the other hand, in the first and third generations, the effect was observed only in the smaller group sizes. To assess the effect of long-term silicate fertilizer application, a population model was designed using some parameters calculated from the present study, and population change of the moths was simulated by the model. The findings suggested that in the areas where C. suppressalis has 3 generations a year, the effect was not significant, whereas, under bivoltine conditions, application of silicate fertilizer would affect considerably the survival of the insects.View full abstractDownload PDF (932K) -
Kozaburo OZAKI, Tatsuo KASSAI1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 249-255
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLethal doses of insecticides were assayed in several populations collected in the field in Kagawa and Kagoshima Prefectures, from 1967 to 1979, and Ali-esterase (esterase hydrolyzing β-naphthyl acetate) activity of two populations collected in the field in Kagawa Prefecture in 1968 was determined by agar-gel electrophoresis. The LD50 values of BHC, organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides were slightly higher in three populations collected in the field in Kagawa Prefecture than in the K population collected in the field in Kagoshima Prefecture in 1967 or in 1969. The Ali-esterases of the brown planthopper were separated into five bands by agar-gel electrophoresis. The ratios of individuals with high and medium esterase activity of the E2 band ranged from 12 to 22% and from 15 to 19%, respectively. These results suggest that some individuals with organophosphate-resistance (R-op) were produced in the brown planthopper populations during the period 1967-1969. The development of R-op was very slow during 1967 to 1972. A relatively large increase of the R-op level was observed in 1975. Thereafter, the R-op level increased gradually each year and the T and the 0t populations collected in the field in Kagawa Prefecture in 1979 were highly resistant to fenthion (30- to 32-fold), fenitrothion (22- to 23-fold), cyanofenphos (145- to 423-fold) and malathion (20- to 31-fold). The development of carbamate resistance in the brown planthopper was slower than that to fenthion-, fenitrothion- or malathion. The T population collected in the field in Kagawa Prefecture in 1979, however, became 5- to 18-fold resistant to almost all the carbamate insecticides tested. It was shown that the brown planthopper had developed multiple resistance to organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, although it was susceptible to natural pyrethrins and organophosphorus fungicides, IBP and edifenphos like the LE strain.View full abstractDownload PDF (805K) -
Chisato HIRANO1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 256-261
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNumber of male Spodoptera litura captured in the standard box type pheromone traps changes with orientation of trap openings. From trapping experiments with various remodelled traps which were oriented with their openings various directions, and from meteorological data on the nocturnal wind direction, it is indicated that capture efficiency of the traps is significantly high if they oriented with their openings leeward. This indication is supported by a further trapping tests with traps placed on a wind-vane turntable which responds to wind changes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1388K) -
Glass Capillary Formulation of Synthetic Sex PheromoneShuji KOZAI, Sadao WAKAMURA1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 262-265
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe release rates of the synthetic sex pheromone of A. segetum from dispensers were determined by the vapor collection method under controlled conditions. The optimum dose rate for attraction of the A. segetum males was found to range from 0.05 to 0.10μg/hr. The release rate from a glass capillary tube could be controlled by changing the cross sectional areas of the tube or the length between the meniscus and the open end. The rate increased approximately three times for each 10°C rise of temperature within the range of 10 to 30°C. The glass capillary tube was found to be suitable as the dispenser of a highly volatile synthetic sex pheromone such as that of A. segetum. Field experiment showed that the male moths were effectively attracted by the sex pheromone released from a glass capillary tube with a 0.556mm2 cross sectional area and 10mm length between the meniscus and the open end for more than 13 months.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
Shûji IKEJIRI, Yutaka YOSHIYASU, Mitsuhiro SASAKAWA1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 266-272
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe iris gelechiid has been known as a pest of Iris ensata THUNB. var. ensata (THUNB.) in Shizuoka Prefecture. Recently, the damage of iris plant by the same species has been observed in Kyôto. The larvae go through five instars in the field. First to 3rd instar larvae mine the leaves, and the 4th and 5th instar larvae usually feed on all the leaf-tissues, living among the leaves. Mature larvae abandon the injured leaves to make the pupal chambers with circular exits for adult emergence in the new leaves. Adults occur twice a year, those of the first generation emerging from late May to early July and those of the second generation from late August to early September. Adult females are able to survive approximately two weeks under laboratory conditions and lay about one hundred eggs in total. Hibernation takes place in the 2nd to 4th instar larvae of the second generation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1631K) -
III. Annual Life Cycle in Southern KyushuOsamu SETOKUCHI, Yoshihisa OUCHI1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 273-280
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField and rearing experiments were conducted to study the annual life cycle of Anomala rufocuprea MOTSCHULSKY in Kagoshima Prefecture. The adults appeared from late-May to the end of September, and two peaks of occurrence were usually observed in late-June and mid-August. The first instar larvae were numerous in summer but scarce in winter, namely, most of the hibernating larvae were those in the second and third instars. It was estimated from the total number of effective day-degrees required for the development of second instar larvae that the eggs deposited before mid-July and after late-September developed into third and second instars, respectively by the time of hibernation. Among the hibernating larvae, third instar yellow larvae and second instar larvae emerged before early-June and after late-June in the following year, respectively but the third instar larvae of the feeding stage emerged from mid-May to mid-August. The existence of a diapause in the hibernating larvae was not confirmed, which could account for the two peaks of adult occurrence which were observed due to the irregularity of the period of emergence. Only a few individuals were unable to complete their life cycle with in a year.View full abstractDownload PDF (1047K) -
Youko NOGUCHI, Kunitomo YAMAGUCHI1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 281-287
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytoplasmic-polyhedrosis viruses (CPV) of Bombyx mori, Hyphantria cunea, and Dendrolimus spectabilis, respectively were administered orally to several species of lepidopterous insects. The development of disease in the infected larvae was diagnosed by the presence of polyhedral particles in the cells of the midgut epithelium before each molt until death or pupation. The severity of the disease was graded as follows: sever infection causing death, latent infection without death, and mild infection with spontaneous recovery. The insect species subjected to cross-infection with Bombyx CPV, usually recovered from the disease, whereas in the insects subjected to cross-infection with Hyphantria CPV or Dendrolimus CPV, the severity of the disease varied with the insect species and no spontaneous recovery was observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1999K) -
Masahiko KUWAHARA1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 288-293
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe activity of acetylcholinesterase of mites susceptible and resistant to organophosphates in the reaction with acylthiocholine esters and the properties of the non-specific esterases which hydrolyze α and β-naphthyl acetate was studied. The acetylcholinesterase activity of the susceptible strain was higher with propionylthiocholine as substrate than with acetylthiocholine, but that of the resistant strains was higher with acetylthiocholine than with propionylthiocholine. The activities of the enzymes of both strains with butyrylthiocholine as substrate were much lower than that with the other two substrates. An almost similar difference between the resistant and susceptible strain was observed in the Michaelis constants (Km) and maximal velocity (Vmax) of the reaction of the enzymes with the three acylthiocholine esters. Thus, the properties of the acetylcholinesterase from the resistant strains were characterized by lower Vmax and larger Km than those from the susceptible strain in the reaction with propionylthiocholine. Non-specific esterases responsible for the hydrolysis of α and β-naphthyl acetate had similar values for the bimolecular reaction constants (ki), inhibition constants (Ki) as well as similar esterase zymogram patterns as revealed by agar-gel electrophoresis.View full abstractDownload PDF (712K) -
Masahiro OSAKABE, Masayoshi YOSHIDA, Masayoshi HATSUKADE1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 294-299
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRespiration function in each developmental stage of scarab beetles was measured by the gas chromatography. The amount of CO2 expired by the eggs of Anomala osakana SAWADA was 0.364μl/hr per egg when the eggs had absorbed water for three days after oviposition, and 1.319μl/hr after water absorption for nine days. The amount of CO2 expired by the first to third instars (feeding period) of A. osakana and A. schönfeldti OHAUS increased as the larval stage progressed, but the amount of CO2 expired per unit body-weight decreased as the larvae grew. Dermal respiration of the hibernating 3rd instar larvae of A. osakana and A. cuprea HOPE was demonstrated. The amount of CO2 expired at 25°C by the nocturnal adult A. osakana and the diurnal Phylloperth diversa WATERHAUSE was 46×10-2ml/g/hr in the daytime and 87×10-2ml/g/hr at night, and 261×10-2ml/g/hr and 111×10-2ml/g/hr respectively. As menthioned above, there was a certain relationship between the activity of the adults and the amount of CO2 expired.View full abstractDownload PDF (680K) -
Kiyomitsu ITO1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 300-304
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe reason why immigration of the slender rice bug, Cletus punctiger, seldom occurs into lateheading paddy fields was studied in relation to food plant preference in the adult. Main food plants of the bug during the heading period of rice, from mid-July to September, were Echinochloa crus-galli and Digitaria adscendens. Tests on the food plant preference of the bug using ears of rice plant, E. crus-galli var. praticola and D. adscendens in a field cage, did not reveal any preference for ears of rice plant over those of the other two plants. The preferable period as food for the bug was considered to be longer in the ears of wild grasses such as E. crus-galli and D. adscendens than in those of rice plant. The fact that the immigration of the bug into the late-heading paddy fields was seldom observed was ascribed to the ubiquitous formation of ears by the wild plants around the paddy fields from August. The bug was thought to immigrate into paddy fields when rice was the only plant with ear formation.View full abstractDownload PDF (585K) -
De-Xiang Gu, Yosiaki ITÔ1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 305-306
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (239K) -
Takashi KIDOKORO, Yuichiro FUJISAKI, Toshiaki TAKANO1982 Volume 26 Issue 4 Pages 306-308
Published: November 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe damage caused by the smaller rice leaf miner was severe when rice was transplanted in early May or early June. When rice was transplanted between these periods, the miner caused very little damage. It is suggested that the relation between adult emergence and the time of rice transplanting was the main factor in the occurrence of the outbreaks of the insect.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K)
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