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Volume 31 (1987)
- Issue 4 Pages 279-
- Issue 3 Pages 189-
- Issue 2 Pages 103-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 31, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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I. Effect of Trap Height, Flight Activity and Population Density on Male CatchesRikio SATO, Kaoru YAGINUMA, Hajime SUGIE1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 103-109
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe optimum height of the sex pheromone trap for the male Asiatic Leafroller was found to be about 2.4m in standard apple and pear orchards, and about 1m in open fields near the orchard. When marked males were released in the orchard, the average distance of male flight during one night was 41-110m, and the average recovery was 15-30%. The number of male catches with pheromone traps was well related to the pupa-shell densities found in the orchard in the first and second generations. On the other hand in the overwintered generation, the number of male catches was much larger than the levels expected from the pupa-shell densities in the orchard, which may be due to possible immigration from distant orchards.View full abstractDownload PDF (934K) -
II. Comparison between Performance of Pheromone Trap and Light TrapRikio SATO, Kaoru YAGINUMA, Hajime SUGIE1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 110-115
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSex pheromone traps were found to be more useful for the sampling of Archippus breviplicanus for forecasting than light traps. The sex pheromone traps enabled to recover 32.5% of the marked males during one night, a value which was about 10 times higher than that obtained with light traps (3.6%). Most males were caught with the sex pheromone and the light traps at 19-20hr in late May, at 0-1hr in early June, at 2-3hr in the first generation, and at 3-4hr in the second generation. Seasonal profiles of male catches with sex pheromone and light traps, such as dates of 50% catch and of the peak of moving average for 5 days, corresponded well to each other in the first and second generations. In the overwintered generation, however, the catches with pheromone traps preceded those with the light traps, because the light trap was less effective than the sex pheromone trap in the early cool season. Among the annual records of total catches with sex pheromone and light traps, a high positive correlation was obtained for the overwintered generations (r2=0.977), though no significant correlation was found for the first and second generations.View full abstractDownload PDF (738K) -
V. Sensitivity to Eclosion Hormone in the Pharate-Adults of the SilkwormHajime FUGO, Chitose ORIKASA1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 116-120
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment of sensitivity to the eclosion hormone in the pharate-adults of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, was investigated. Changes in the sensitivity to the exogenous eclosion hormone were observed during the last day of the pharate-adult development: early adult eclosion induced by the injection of the exogenous eclosion hormone was observed in the pharate-adults which had developed about 14 to 12hr before the expected eclosion time. However, the administration of the eclosion hormone to the pharate-adults 22 to 17hr before the eclosion time failed to induce early adult eclosion. The relationship between the time of injection of 20-hydroxyecdysone (Ecd) and the sensitivity to the eclosion hormone was also examined. When Ecd was injected into the pharate-adults 23 to 18hr before the expected eclosion time, adult ecdysis was delayed by 1 to 2 days in a dose-dependent manner. However, the ability of the Ecd treatment to delay adult ecdysis was no longer observed at about 16 to 14hr before the eclosion time. The sensitivity to the exogenous eclosion hormone in the pharate-adults subjected to the treatment of Ecd was apparently decreased, when Ecd was injected to the pharate-adults 20hr before the presumed eclosion time. It is suggested that ecdysteroids regulate the rate of development of the pharate-adults of the silkworm, Bombyx mori.View full abstractDownload PDF (733K) -
Susumu SHIMIZU1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 121-124
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImmunological comparison among 3 insect non-pathogenic fungi (Fusarium oxysporum, F. laleritium, Diaporthe nomurai), 4 insect pathogenic fungi (Beauveria brongniartii, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus, P. farinosus, Nomuraea rileyi) and 3 serotypes of blastospores in B. bassiana was made using immunodiffusion tests. In agar-gel diffusion tests, somatic soluble antigens obtained from F. oxysporum, F. lateritium, and D. nomurai did not react with anti-B. bassiana F1 (serotype B1) serum. Somatic soluble antigens obtained from B. brongniartii, P. fumosoroseus, and P. farinosus gave 1-3 precipitin lines against anti-B. bassiana F1 (serotype B1) serum whereas the antigen obtained from N. rileyi did not react with anti-B. bassiana F1 (serotype B1) serum. In agar-gel diffusion tests using somatic soluble antigens of the 3 serotypes in B. bassiana, one or two specific antigens for B. bassiana F1 (serotype B1) and common antigens for the 3 serotypes were detected. The results of immunodiffusion tests with somatic soluble antigens were very similar to those with the serotypes of blastospores in B. bassiana.View full abstractDownload PDF (2073K) -
Fukusaburo TANAKA, Syo YABUKI, Sadahiro TATSUKI, Hisaaki TSUMUKI, Hiro ...1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 125-133
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSControl effect of the communication disruption technique with sex pheromone component(s) in Chilo suppressalis was evaluated in paddy fields in Okayama Pref. from 1981 to 1985. Disruption treatment against the adults of the overwintering generation (=first flight period), in which a significant disruptive effect was observed in monitoring tests, was not effective for the control presumably because most of the moths in the paddy had emerged, mated and migrated from outside. On the other hand, effective control by the treatment was obtained in the first generation adults (=second flight period) when the release rate of the compound(s) was adequate. The appropriate release rate varied with the population density of the moths, being approximately 50mg/10a/day for a low population density and >100mg/10a/day for a high population density. Release rate of the compounds could be well controlled for a longer period (>1 month) of time by using a polyethylene capillary tube with a thicker wall as a dispenser. No apparent differences in the control effect between a single component (Z-11-hexadecenal) and a 3-component mixture (natural ratio) as a disruptant have so far been revealed. The treatment area necessary for effective control was found to be greater than 50 a, unless the moth population density was unusually high. Also, to obtain a highly effective control, it may be important to reach both nearly 100% attraction inhibition in the pheromone trap and a mating suppression rate higher than 90% in the tethered females in the monitoring tests during the treatment. Correlation for the degree of damage by larvae before and after the treatment in the treated areas was lower as compared to that in the control areas. This phenomenon may be due to the effect of the disruption treatment in relation to the mating frequency of the tethered females and estimated number of egg masses.View full abstractDownload PDF (1159K) -
Hiroaki NAKAMORI1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 134-137
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe duration and distance of flight and the flight velocity of the melon fly, Dacus cucurbitae COQUILLETT, were investigated by using a flight mill system. Mean flight duration of the normal female flies was significantly longer than that of the sterile ones which were irradiated with a dose of 7, 20, 30KR γ-ray. No significant differences were recognized between normal and sterile male flies irradiated with 7KR. No adverse effect of irradiation on the flight velocity was detected. Flight distance was the longest for the unirradiated flies and it decreased with the increase of the irradiation doses, but the difference among normal and sterile flies irradiated with either 7 or 20KR was not statistically significant. Generally, the flight ability decreased with the increase of the irradiation doses.View full abstractDownload PDF (532K) -
Yoshio MIYAHARA1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 138-143
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Oriental armyworm Pseudaletia separata WALKER and the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella LINNÉ cannot overwinter at Morioka, Iwate Prefecture, and they immigrate annually from warmer areas. Their immigration in spring was monitored using pheromone traps. The first capture of the Oriental armyworm moth in 1982 and in 1983 was recorded on May 13 and on May 7, respectively, and large numbers of diamondback moths were trapped simultaneously. Synoptic charts showed that the fronts concerned were accompanied by depressions which moved northeastward from the lower basin of the Yangze River in China across the Yellow Sea, the Korean Peninsula and the Sea of Japan. These captures coincided with the passage of frontal systems over northern Japan. The weather conditions at the time of trapping also suggested the passage of frontal systems. These facts indicate that the immigrant moths were carried by the same frontal systems along with their movement.View full abstractDownload PDF (733K) -
Tamotsu KUSHIDA, Yasuharu MAMIYA, Jun MITSUHASHI1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 144-149
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSteinernema sp. was isolated from a soil sample collected in Hamakita, Shizuoka Pref. Infectivity to and lethal effect of this nematode on larvae of scarabaeid beetles, soil pests in forest nurseries, were investigated under laboratory conditions. The infective juveniles (JIII) were inoculated onto a moist filter paper, soil and a commercial bark compost in petri dishes. High mortality of the insect larvae placed in these petri dishes containing a single larva of each species was observed 4 or more days after the inoculation. JIII of Steinernema sp. were found to be highly infective on all the tested species of scarabaeid beetles (Anomala cuprea, A. rufocuprea, Heptophylla picea, Maladera japonica, Popillia japonica, Allomyrina dichotoma and Protaetia orientalis). Inoculation with 100 JIII was sufficient to induce a high mortality of the larvae of A. cuprea. Lethal effect of this nematode on H. picea larvae was never observed at temperatures below 15°C. Critical temperature for the lethal effect of the nematode was approximately 17°C. When a water suspension of JIII was kept at 5°C, the survival rate decreased to less than 10% on the 20th day and zero on the 43rd day. At 10°C and 15°C, more than 95% of the JIII survived for 100 days. Lethal effect of JIII kept in soil or bark compost at 25°C was well maintained over 10 months. Preliminary tests for field application suggested that one million/m2 JIII was the minimum dose required to achieve effective control of scarabaeid larvae.View full abstractDownload PDF (862K) -
Sumio NAGASAWA, Shigeo SHIBUYA1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 150-155
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe synergistic toxicity data of allethrin, fenvalerate, tetramethrin, permethrin or phenothrin with piperonyl butoxide to the house fly, Musca domestica, was analyzed by fitting a mathematical model proposed by HEWLETT (1969), y=a+b1 logz1+b2z2/(c+z2), where y is probit mortality, z1=dose of pyrethroid, z2=dose of piperonyl butoxide; a, b1, b2 and c are parameters. The parameters were estimated in two ways, viz. the graphical procedure described by HEWLETT and the probit plane analysis shown by FINNEY (1952). The model was fairly applicable to the data, and the mixtures with an indefinitely large ratio of piperonyl butoxide were estimated to be 21.10, 11.52, 9.70, 6.74 and 5.73 times as toxic as allethrin, fenvalerate, tetramethrin, permethrin and phenothrin alone, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (635K) -
Hiroaki NODA1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 156-161
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFactors which control the vertical distribution and position of rice planthoppers, Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera and Laodelphax striatellus, on rice plants have been studied to determine why N. lugens tend to gather in the lower part of the stem (leaf sheath) of rice plants and why the rice planthoppers settle on rice plants with their head upward. Release of planthoppers on rice plants revealed that N. lugens preferred the lower part of the stem, and that few of them climbed the stem whereas many of them came down from the leaves to the stem. The reasons why N. lugens attack the lower part of the stem can be explained in terms of preference to or sedentariness on it and of downward movement of the planthopper. As for the position of the planthoppers on the rice plant, three factors appear to be associated with the upward position. First, the insects settled on the rice stem with their head oriented to the same direction as the vertical axis of the rice plant. Second, the upward position appeared to be safer than the downward position for planthoppers to support the body weight with their legs. Third, the planthoppers oriented themselves to the light, which comes from above in the field.View full abstractDownload PDF (774K) -
Kazuo NOZATO1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 162-167
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPopulation growth of the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii, on Veronica persica was studied in the field and in a non-heated glasshouse during the winter season (December, 1984-May, 1985) in Nankoku-City, Kochi Prefecture. The effects of temperature on the number of offsprings on Veronica persica, development or survival of the larvae and increase of the population were investigated experimentally in the laboratory. There were only a few melon aphids on Veronica persica in early December. Then the numbers increased slightly but the populations remained at a low level until February. The effect of low temperature in this season, was accounted for these findings because the fecundity of the females was low, the development of the larvae was delayed and the survival rate of the immature stages was low under low temperature conditions. On the other hand, in the non-heated glasshouse, the number of aphids increased gradually from late December presumably because the air temperature in the glasshouse was higher than that in the field. In March, the number of aphids increased gradually in the field as the air temperature was higher than in February.View full abstractDownload PDF (723K) -
Takeshi OGATA1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 168-169
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment times of Coccobius fulvus (COMPERE et ANNECKE) introduced from China for the control of the arrowhead scale were determined under five different temperature conditions. Based on the data, the developmental zero and effective cumulative temperature of this parasitoid were estimated to be 11.5°C and 373 day degrees, respectively. The number of generations in a year in Fukuoka was also estimated to be 6.View full abstractDownload PDF (260K) -
Yoichi SHIRAI, Eiichiro MURATA1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 170-172
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreliminary experiments for marking adult diamond-back moths with 7 coloured and 10 fluorescent dyes were carried out in the laboratory and field cages. Two fluorescent dyes, Rhodamine-B and Uvitex-OB were found to be most suitable as markers among the 17 dyes tested in relation to the survival rates and proportion of marked moths. Other small moths, for example, the cabbage webworm were successfully marked with these two dyes.View full abstractDownload PDF (408K) -
Kaname MATSUMOTO1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 172-174
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (421K) -
Tetsuo GOTOH1987 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 174-175
Published: May 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe duration of the developmental period from egg to oviposition in Tetranychus viennensis ZACHER on Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata (BLUME) was studied under constant temperature conditions at 15, 18, 20, 23 and 25°C. The developmental zero (11.42°C) and the total effective temperature (196.46 day-degrees) were determined based on the equation obtained by the least squares method. The number of generations estimated by the total effective temperature and critical photoperiod was almost the same as the empirical one (4 generations) obtained in the field in 1981.View full abstractDownload PDF (234K)
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