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Volume 33 (1989)
- Issue 4 Pages 175-
- Issue 3 Pages 115-
- Issue 2 Pages 47-
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Volume 33, Issue 4
Displaying 1-19 of 19 articles from this issue
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Naoto YOKOI1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 175-179
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mating behavior of P. hilaris was observed in the field and the laboratory. When males and females encountered each other for the first time on mulberry tree trunks, the male actively searched for or ambushed the female. Ambush occurred especially frequently when the male could not find the female on the trunk. Mating behavior was watched all day. Peaks were recognized both in the morning and the afternoon. Some males could copulate just after emergence, but most copulated 5 days later. Fifty percent of the females could copulate 10 days after emergence, actively avoiding with males before that time. Male ability to use antennae to search for females was passive from emergence day to 9 days after emergence. The male could recognize the female only when his antennae or maxillary and labial palpi touched the female. The copulation patterns of P. hilaris consist of 2 distinct stages: frequent penis insertions for a short time (first stage), and then a single long insertion (second stage). Ejaculation occurred only during the latter stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
I. Internal Distribution and Penetration of Fenvalerate in the German Cockroach, Blattella germanicaKeiichi NAGATA, Tetsuo SAITO, Tadashi MIYATA1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 180-186
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPenetration into the nervous tissues and internal distribution of the pyrethroid insecticide α-racemic fenvalerate (R, S) α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (S)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-isovalerate, and its inactive optical isomer-β-racemic fenvalerate, (R, S) α-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (R)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-isovalerate, were studied using the German cockroach Blatella germanica. The internal concentrations of 14C-labelled α-racemic fenvalerate and β-racemic fenvalerate at various times after topical application were measured in the head, hemolymph, nerve cord, fat body, and gut. At 3-6hr after application, insects showed considerable intoxication by α-racemic fenvalerate but not by β-racemic fenvalerate. The amounts of α-racemic fenvalerate in the head and hemolymph were larger than those of β-racemic fenvalerate at all time intervals. The internal concentrations of α-racemic fenvalerate and β-racemic fenvalerate also differed in the gut, nerve cord, and fat body at 3-6hr after application. However, in the latter case the amount of α-racemic fenvalerate was smaller than that of β-racemic fenvalerate. A clear difference in the time constant of penetration into the ventral nerve cord in vitro between the two optical isomers was observed, i.e. α-racemic fenvalerate showed more rapid penetration than β-racemic fenvalerate and the amount of α-racemic fenvalerate was larger than that of β-racemic fenvalerate. Results obtained in this experiment showed that there is a clear difference in pharmacokinetic behavior between α-racemic fenvalerate and β-racemic fenvalerate. However this difference seems to be only a minor factor in the overall difference of their respective bioactivities.View full abstractDownload PDF (889K) -
Kazuo NOZATO1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 187-192
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuration of the teneral period of Aphis gossypii alatae emerging from dense colonies was prolonged. Some alatae produced offspring on fresh host plants before take-off. These alatae, however, did not produce any offspring on leaves containing colonies of A. gossypii. The newly emerged alatae had partially developed ovaries. Embryos in the ovariole developed slowly with time. The alatae that flew 13hr after emergence had more matured embryos than flightless ones. Alatae did not fly in the dark even if they contained developed embryos.View full abstractDownload PDF (651K) -
Akio HOSODA1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 193-197
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA high level of resistance to organophosphates has evolved in the white-backed planthopper (WBPH), Sogatella furcifera HORVÁTH, as topical LD50 values were monitored from 1985 to 1987 and compared with a reference laboratory strain. The seven filed strains collected in Hiroshima Pref. from 1985 to 1987 showed high levels of resistance (9- to 37-fold) to organophosphates (fenitrothion, malathion, fenthion and phenthoate) and low levels of resistance (2- to 3-fold) to carbamates (carbryl and BPMC). The two strains collected on the East China Sea during 1986 also showed similar levels of resistance, suggesting resistance development in migration origin of WBPH. Field trials were conducted during 1986 to evaluate the effects of three conventional insecticides used against WBPH in relation to insecticide resistance. Malathion dust and fenitrothion dust applied at rates of 0.9kg a.i./ha and 0.6kg a.i./ha, respectively, were not effective reflecting resistance development against organophosphates. BPMC dust, however, applied at 0.6kg a.i./ha provided perfect control.View full abstractDownload PDF (580K) -
Satoshi KONO1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 198-203
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe annual number of generations of the bean bug, Riptortus clavatus THUNBERG was estimated from rearing results with dried soybean seeds under various temperature and photoperiod conditions. The developmental zero and the effective accumulative temperature were calculated as 12.2°C and 107.6 day degrees, respectively, for the egg stage and 13.3°C and 326.8 day degrees, respectively, in the stage from egg to adult emergence. Individuals which were reared under a photoperiod of 11hr photophase and 13hr scotophase (11L-13D) at 25°C did not lay eggs and their ovaries did not develop. On the other hand, when they were reared under 16L-8D, all of them laid eggs and developed mature ovaries. 45.5% of female bugs reared under 13.5L-10.5D laid eggs. From these results, critical day length was considered to be about 13.5hr. Adults and the 5th instar responded to photoperiod for terminating or inducing diapause. Number of generations a year was estimated to be three from these results. However, two generations a year are possible in the natural conditions, depending on diet sufficiency.View full abstractDownload PDF (826K) -
I. Susceptibility to Several Insecticides and Esterase Activity of Field Populations Collected in Shizuoka PrefectureTsutomu SAITO1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 204-210
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirty nine populations of the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii GLOVER, collected in the field in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan were tested for susceptibility to several insecticides and individual variation of esterase activity. When LC50 values of organophosphorus insecticides (OP), dichlorvos and malathion were compared, the aphids from melon, cucumber, watermelon, chrysanthemum and strawberry hosts exhibited higher resistance than the aphids from potato, eggplant, Hibiscus syriacus and Celastrus orbiculatus. These resistance levels were not always correlated to frequency of insecticide application. This showed that OP resistance of the aphid may be closely related to its host. A moderate resistance to carbaryl, a carbamate was observed. Fenvalerate, a pyrethroid, mixed with malathion was highly toxic to all aphids tested including OP-resistant ones. Aphid individuals with high esterase activity were observed frequently in OP resistant populations. Therefore LC50 value of OP was positively correlated with means of individual esterase activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (912K) -
Akira KONDO, Fukusaburo TANAKA1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 211-216
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment, functional response and host preference of the larvae of Luciola lateralis were investigated in the laboratory (22±1°C) in order to evaluate its efficiency as a predator of Pomacea canaliculata. On the apple snail the ratio of all the surviving larvae at the 79th day after egg-rearing was 63.4%. This was lower than that on the freshwater snail, Semisulcospira libertina (86.3%), which is one of the preferred foods. The larvae utilized both snails almost evenly in all stages (instars 2nd, 3rd and 4th) under both constant light and dark conditions. Functional responses of the larvae to apple snail densities showed saturation curves in most cases. The maximum number of the apple snails, which were several days' post-hatched, consumed per day by the larvae were 0.7, 2.3 and 3.2 for 2nd, 3rd and 4th instars, respectively. A linear relationship with a high corelation coefficient was found between the shell height of the apple snail and the maximum number of snails consumed per day by the 4th-instar. From this relationship the maximum shell height of snails suitable for larval consumption was presumed to be 1.1cm.View full abstractDownload PDF (1102K) -
I. Feeding Habits and Seasonal Development on Various Trees of OleaceaeTakenari INOUE, Norizumi SHINKAJI1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 217-222
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmong many ornamental trees, the Fortune Osmanthus, Osmanthus×Fortunei CARR., has been known as a tree with little infestation by insect pests. In recent years, however, injury by the fleabeetle Argopistes coccinelliformis on this tree has become conspicuous. Research was therefore conducted to investigate fleabeetle feeding habits and seasonal development in Chiba Prefecture and the city of Tokyo. Overwintered adults appeared on host trees from mid-March with a peak in mid-April to early May. Females started to deposit eggs in tissues of new sprouts and leaves from mid-to late April. Number of eggs and larvae on the tree increased until May. Leaf-mining larvae could develop only in new leaves. They passed 3 instars on the plant and became pupae in the soil. Egg period was about 10 days, and both larval and pupal periods were about 20-30 days. New adults started to emerge in mid-June with a peak in late June to early July. They mainly injured early stages of mature leaves. In cases of severe damage, trees shed their leaves. Number of adults on the trees and their feeding activity decreased in mid- to late July, and this low level continued until autumn. Adults moved to the hibernating sites between October and December. Developmental success of the beetle varied on different host plants. Overall results suggest that the life cycle of this beetle harmonizes well with the phenological aspects of Osmanthus×Fortunei, O. heterophyllus and Ligustrum japonicum and thus is abundant on these species.View full abstractDownload PDF (812K) -
II. Developmental Ability on Various Host TreesTakenari INOUE, Norizumi SHINKAJI1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 223-230
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSuitability of various ornamental trees as a host plant of the fleabeetle, Argopistes coccinelliformis CSIKI was investigated. Results of the field observations and some laboratory tests showed that adult beetles preferred Osmanthus×Fortunei, O. heterophillus, O. fragrans, O. f. var. aurantiacus, Ligustrum japonicum, L. ovalifolium, L. obutusifolium, Syringa vulgalis and S. reticurata as hosts for feeding and oviposition, and that they did not show much interest in Jusminum, Forsythia, Fraxinus plants nor Ligustrum licidum. Developmental succcess of immature stages were observed under the field conditions, and the results showed that Osmanthus×Fortunei, O. heterophillus and Ligustrum japonicum were suitable hosts. These results suggest some differences between the host plant preferences of larvae and adults of this beetle. Adult beetles left conspicuous feeding traces on the leaf, contrasting with a series of short feeding marks. However, little correlation was detected between the length of each feeding mark and the total feeding activity of the beetle on various host species. Furthermore, it was suggested that data on feeding amount and number of eggs deposited by adults alone might not provide a sound picture of host preference of this beetle. Based on the overall results observed, Osmanthus×Fortunei seems to be the most suitable host species of this beetle among the various trees investigated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1047K) -
Takao KUBO, Yoshikazu ANDO1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 231-237
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour species of food plants, Triforium repens L., Taraxacum officinale WEBER, Rumex obtusfolium L. and Dactylis glomerata L. were tested for the preference by Atrachya menetriesi under laboratory conditions. Choice experiments showed no evidence for the orientation to a particular food plant. Both larvae and adults appear to reach food plants by random locomotion. The newly hatched larvae fed on any of those they had first reached. However, 3rd instar larvae and adults discriminated the different food plants when they probed by biting (1) the dandelion was most preferred, followed by (2) the white clover and (3) the dock in this order. The orchard grass was not fed at all. When larvae were reared on a favoured food plant, they grew faster, showed a higher percentage of emergence and heavier adult weight than on a non-favoured food plant. The suitability for development in this highly polyphagous species is thus strongly correlated with the feeding preference.View full abstractDownload PDF (897K) -
Hiroshi HONDA, Ken HANYU1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 238-246
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntennal sensilla of Conogethes punctiferalis (GUENÉE) and its related species Conogethes sp. were studied using scanning electron microscope. A device for fixing the sample was newly developed to make the backside observation of sample possible. Eight types of sensilla were found on the antennae of each species; Bähm's bristle, sensillum styloconicum, s. trichodeum, s. chaeticum, s. squamiformium, s. basiconicum, s. auricillicum, s. coeloconicum. Morphology, number and distribution of the sensilla observed were not different between these two species. More s. trichodea were found on the male antennae (ca. 8, 000-8, 500) than the female (ca. 6, 500-6, 800), while the reverse was the case with s. basiconicum (ca. 760 in males; ca. 1, 400 in female), suggesting that the former should be the sex pheromone receptor and the latter the plant-odor receptor for oviposition. In other 6 types of the sensilla, significant difference in the number was not observed between both sexes.View full abstractDownload PDF (5621K) -
Yoshihiko ABE1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 247-249
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLarvae of the common cutworm Spodoptera litura infected with Japanese isolates of a microsporidium Nosema mesnili showed acute paralysis as early as 3 days postinoculation, and larval death followed within several days. Invasion of the parasites into the outer layer of larval ganglia occurred, and histopathological changes of the infected ganglia were evident. Small numbers of spores were observed in the cell body of the infected ganglia.View full abstractDownload PDF (1272K) -
II. Distribution and Behaviour of Aphids on Resistant and Susceptible Melon LeavesTetsurou SHINODA, Kiyoshi TANAKA1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 249-251
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
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Masaaki YUKINARI1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 252-257
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
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Takashi NODA1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 257-259
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIncidence of egg parasitoids of Riptortus clavatus before and during soybean cultivation was investigated by placing host eggs on soybean and other leguminous plants in Tsukuba between May and October, 1985, and between April and May, 1986. Gryon japonicum, G. sp., Ooencyrtus nezarae, O. sp., and Anastatus japonicus were identified as the egg parasitoids. G. japonicum was found on soybeans from middle July to early October, mainly when pods were growing. This parasitoid was also common on white clover, common vetch and alfalfa as early as May, before soybean cultivation.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
Kazuya NAGAI1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 260-262
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopmental durations for egg and nymphal stages of Orius sp. were measured at four constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30, and 35°C. The durations for egg and nymphal stages decreased significantly with rise of temperature at 20-30°C. However there was no difference between the durations at 30°C and at 35°C. The developmental zero (T0) and the thermal constant (K)were calculated from the data obtained at 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C. T0 and K were estimated to be 11.6°C and 57.8 day-degrees for the egg stage and 11.9°C and 158.7 day-degrees for the nymphal stage, respectively. Hatchability was relatively low at 20°C and 35°C. Most nymphs died before adult emergence at 35°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
III. Developmental Success of Larvae on Two Different Host PlantsTakenari INOUE, Norizumi SHINKAJI1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 262-263
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe developmental success of larvae was superior on Osmanthus×Fortunei compared with that on O. fragrans var. aurantiacus. The results suggested that adult beetles showed a better harmonization of their ovipositional periods with the seasonal growth of immature leaves of O.×Fortunei.View full abstractDownload PDF (276K) -
Hiroaki NODA1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 263-266
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
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Masaaki TAKANASHI1989 Volume 33 Issue 4 Pages 266-269
Published: November 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDevelopment time of nymphs and adults, daily fecundity and survival rate of adults were determined for the apterous and alate viviparae of Toxoptera citricidus (KIRKIALDY) reared on Gitrus natsudaidai HAYATA, at 20 and 25°C under 16L-8D photo-period regime. The nymphal and pre-reproductive periods of apterae were significantly shorter than those of alatae. The age specific fecundity of apterae was consistently higher than that of alatae. The net reproductive rate (R0) and capacity for increase (rc) of apterae were higher than those of alatae. The capacity for increase of each morph was higher at 25°C than that at 20°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (455K)
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