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Volume 34 (1990)
- Issue 4 Pages 279-
- Issue 3 Pages 189-
- Issue 2 Pages 89-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 34, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Kazuo HIRAI1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 189-198
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForecasting mass immigration is very important for the understanding of larval outbreaks in the armyworm, P. separata. Accurate annual estimates of overwintering larval densities in warmer areas are necessary but difficult to attain; larval densities are low. I looked for correlations between meteorological factors and armyworm overwintering success, hoping to use them to forecast mass immigration years. An analysis of data from outbreak years between 1958 and 1988 searched for common changes in monthly mean air temperature and monthly precipitation during the overwintering season (December to March) in the overwintering areas (west Japan, Hiroshima, Okayama, Shimonoseki, Miyazaki, and Kagoshima). I noted that outbreaks occurred in years in which: 1) January/February (the first half of the larval stage) weather was warmer, less rainy, than the 31-year average, 2) the aridity index (monthly precipitation divided by monthly mean air temperature) was smaller than average, and 3) weather in December and March was warm and dry without heavy rain and extreme cold. Analysis of the relationship between the armyworm developmental stages and the weather from June to October (the 2nd and 3rd generations) 1987 showed that the period from the adult to the first half of the larval stage had much less rain than the period from the second half of the larval period to the pupal stage. This characteristic was common for the overwintering generations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1335K) -
IV. Reproductive Ability on Potato or Wild Plants of Two Species of Epilachna BeetlesYoichi SHIRAI1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 199-204
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSE. vigintioctomaculata and E. yasutomii, which feed on potato plant in the field, were reared on potato (Solanum tuberosum) leaves or wild native host plants in this laboratory study. Reproductive ability (number of females produced by an overwintered female) of E. vigintioctomaculata reared on potato was about 14-fold greater than that of individuals reared on a wild plant, deadly nightshade (Scopolia japonica), due to a greater number of eggs laid per female and survival rate in immature stages. Reproductive ability of E. yasutomii reared on potato was about 3-fold and 10-fold greater than those of individuals reared on deadly nightshade and blue cohosh (Caulophyllum robustum), respectively, due to the greater numbers of eggs laid per female. There were no differences in survival rates of immature stages of E. yasutomii reared on the three food plants. When these results were compared with those of the non-pest populations feeding on wild plants in the field, there were no clear differences in host plant adaptation between the pest and non-pest populations in both E. vigintioctomaculata and E. yasutomii.View full abstractDownload PDF (742K) -
Eiji OHYA, Toshiya IKEDA1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 205-210
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for the mass rearing of Dacne picta, one of the most notorious pests of the Shiitake mushroom, was examined. One hundred pairs of newly emerged adults were allowed to feed and oviposit on 50g of dried Shiitake mushrooms at 14L-10D, 25°C. These females laid the majority of their eggs in the period 8 to 14 days after emergence. The average egg, larval and pupal periods were 3, 30 and 7 days, respectively. About 260 adults were produced per day over a 22 day period in this way. No significant difference in female longevity, number of eggs laid, days from oviposition to emergence or number of emerged adults was found between the 4th and 8th successive generations.View full abstractDownload PDF (1810K) -
Nobuo YAMASHITA, Kazutaka SHINODA, Toshihiro MIKI, Toshiharu YOSHIDA1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 211-216
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe species composition of stored product beetles was surveyed in mills and dairy farms at 4 localities in Okayama Prefecture between July and November in 1981. Twenty-four species were collected which were classified into 3 feeding types: 1. Primary kernel and germ feeders, 3 species. 2. Ground cereal feeders, 6 species. 3. Feeders on out of condition material, 15 species. The numbers of species collected decreased sharply in November, when the monthly mean temperature fell below 10°C. They were the smallest in Okutsu, which was the coolest locality of the 4. Hayashi's quantification III analysis revealed that the fauna in mills were characterized by the occurrence of the first type, while that in farms by the third type.View full abstractDownload PDF (800K) -
Takenari INOUE1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 217-226
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHabitat selection of larvae and adults was investigated for two species of the fleabeetle, Argopistes coccinelliformis and A. biplagiatus, on their host trees. In A. coccinelliformis, adult beetles mainly inhabited, fed on leaf tissues and deposited eggs on lower surfaces of leaves. In contrast, A. biplagiatus inhabited both upper and lower surfaces of leaves. In the early season, larvae of the former species started their mines from the upper surface of leaves, and kept feeding on the mesophyll of leaves in a face-down (normal) position. Later in the season, they entered from the lower surface and damaged the mesophyll in an upside-down position. Larvae of this species changed their mines quite frequently. In comparison, larvae of A. biplagiatus started their mines from the lower surface and fed on the mesophyll in an upside-down position. They changed their feeding to the normal position in the same mine as time passed. Later in the season, they again changed their style of mining and started from the upper surface, feeding on the mesophyll in the normal position. I observed that larvae of this species also changed their mines, but the frequency was much lower than that of A. coccinelliformis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1187K) -
Nobuyuki ARISAWA, Hajime FUGO1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 227-235
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe daily changes of the weight, protein concentration and nucleic acids content in the colleterial glands of the female silkmoth, Bombyx mori, were investigated. The weight of the glands increased lineally up to the adult eclosion, and then decreased with age. The protein content in the glands increased in parallel with the change of the weight of the glands. The ratio of the protein content to the weight of glands was almost constant, with values of 4 to 6%. On day 6 of pupal-adult development, the RNA content in the glands increased rapidly, then dropped after eclosion. However, the daily changes of the DNA content in the glands were scarce. High rates of the incorporation of labelled amino acid (14C-U-leucine) into the protein fraction were observed in the arborescent regions of the glands. This result confirmed that these regions were the source of the protein synthesis and that the colleterial substances were stored in the gland reservoir. Although about 40 bands on the SDS-PAGE were detected in the homogenates of the glands, it seems likely that a protein with 300kd molecular weight was the main product of the colleterial glands.View full abstractDownload PDF (2474K) -
Masaaki TAKANASHI1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 237-243
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe adult longevity, developmental period from egg to adult, age specific survival rate (lx), age specific fecundity (mx) and maturation of ovarian eggs of Lysiphlebus japonicus ASHMEAD, which parasitizes the citrus brown aphid Toxoptera citricidus (KIRKALDY), were examined under different constant temperature conditions. Longevity decreased with temperature. The developmental period from egg to adult decreased with temperature at a range between 12°C and 25°C. The number of mature ovarian eggs increased rapidly during 24hr after emergence. Egg maturation was accelerated by oviposition. These traits in ovarian development resulted in the maximum value of mx at the first day of adult life. Lifetime fecundity was higher at 25°C than at 20°C, although adult parasitoids survived longer at 20°C. On the basis of the results, rm of this parasitoid at 20°C and 25°C were estimated to be 0.243 and 0.441, respectively. Since rm of the parasitoid is much higher than that of alate hosts but nearly equal to that of apterous ones, the probability of successful control of T. citricidus by L. japonicus may depend on the morph and age distribution of the host in a colony at the time of the onset of parasitoid attack.View full abstractDownload PDF (908K) -
Shigeru TAKAHASHI, Mitsumaru INAIZUMI1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 245-248
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGaliaphis cryptotaeniae was described by TAKAHASHI (1965), based on apterous viviparae collected from Cryptotaenia canadensis in Japan, but its life cycle has hitherto been unknown. In the present study, alate viviparae and sexual morphs were discovered from Oenanthe stolonifera. It became clear that the species was either anholocyclic or holocyclic on O. stolonifera.View full abstractDownload PDF (1092K) -
Takashi NODA1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 249-252
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEggs of 13 species of plant bugs were tested for parasitism by Gryon japonicum in the laboratory. Among those Leptocorisa chinensis, Cletus punctiger, and C. rusticus were hosts as suitable as Riptortus clavatus which was known as only one natural host of this parasitoid. Parastitism by G. japonicum of the eggs of L. chinensis and two Cletus species was also ascertained in the field.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Masato AOYAGI, Minoru ISHII, Toshiya HIROWATARI, Tosiro YASUDA1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 253-254
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe zoysiagrass billbug, Sphenophorus venatus vestitus CHITTENDEN (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which is inferred to be introduced into Japan from the United States, has been found occurring in Fukuoka, Hyôgo and Tokyo Prefectures since the first discovery at a golf course in Okinawa Prefecture in 1979. Five adults (2 females and 3 males) of this species were captured by using pitfall traps at the bank of Yamato River in Osaka and Nara Prefectures in 1986, 1988 and 1989 (Table 1). This may be the first discovery of this species in both prefectures and the second record from the river bank after the record from the Tama River in Tokyo.View full abstractDownload PDF (292K) -
Masateru INOUE1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 254-257
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (545K) -
Hitoshi SAITO, Hajime FUGO1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 257-259
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe eclosion hormone (EH) activities which can induce the precocious adult eclosion of the pharate-adults of Bombyx mori or Samia cynthia ricini were present in the adult heads of Pseudaletia separata, Bombyx mori, Samia cynthia ricini, Antheraea pernyi, Antheraea yamamai and Manduca sexta. These results indicated that EH is not a species-specific hormone among the lepidopteran insects.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
Eiji YOSHIZAWA1990 Volume 34 Issue 3 Pages 259-262
Published: August 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1580K)
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