All issues
Volume 37 (1993)
- Issue 4 Pages 207-
- Issue 3 Pages 117-
- Issue 2 Pages 45-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 37, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
IV. Effect of Various Host Plants on Larval Growth and Food UtilizationTakeshi MARUYAMA1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 117-122
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLarvae of the box-tree pyralid, Glyphodes perspectalis (WALKER) were reared on three host plants, Buxus microphylla, B. sempervirens and B. microphylla var. insularis at various temperatures. The nutritional indices, consumption rate (CR), growth rate (GR), approximate digestibility (AD), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) of larvae for each host plant were obtained from the larval growth characteristics. In overwintered larvae, the highest CR was shown by the B.s. group, but the B.m. group showed higher GR and ECI at 25°C. When 4th instar larvae were reared at 18°C, 24°C and 30°C, the highest indices were shown by the B.m. group and the lowest by the B.m.i. group at each temperature. Conversely AD was the highest in the B.m.i. group and the lowest in the B.m. group. For 6th instar larvae, most of the indices for the B.m. group were high, but CR was highest for the B.s. group. Moreover, growth and food utilization of larvae on these host plants at 18°C and 30°C were similar to those at 25°C except for variation of AD with rearing temperature. Consequently, B.m. seems to be the best host nutritionally for larval growth of this moth and B.m.i. seems to be the worst.View full abstractDownload PDF (697K) -
Hiroaki NAKAMORI, Masakazu SHIGA, Kunio KINJO1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 123-128
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe spatio-temporal dynamics of populations of the melon fly, Bactrocera (Dacus) cucurbitae COQUILLETT, in the southern part of Okinawa Island where an eradication program using sterile flies has been conducted, were analyzed in relation to the seasonal succession and abundance of wild and cultivated host fruits. The study areas were classified into four major zones according to the seasonal abundance of flies caught by cue-lure traps and the availability of host fruits including Diplocyclos palmatus, Melothria liukiuensis and Momordica charantia var. pevel. Zone-I is characterized by the continuous presence of host fruits and a relatively-high population density of the melon fly indicated by the cue-lure trap catch of more than 1, 000 flies per 1, 000 traps per day throughout the year. Zone-II has a characteristic decline in both number of host fruits and fly density during the fall-winter period with an annual average of less than 1, 000 flies per 1, 000 traps per day. Zone-III includes areas where host fruits and flies (about 1 fly/trap/day) were relatively abundant only during the winter-spring period. Zone-IV is characterized by constantly low availability of host fruits and low fly density throughout the year. Hot spots, which are defined as areas where the ratio of sterile to wild flies hardly increases despite frequent and intensive release of sterile flies, were found in the Zone-I areas. Therefore, the continuous presence and abundance of host fruits appears to hot spots. For effective control of this species, it is essential to locate such areas and release sterile flies.View full abstractDownload PDF (769K) -
Tsuneo HIRAO, Narihiko ARAI1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 129-136
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe functional characteristics of gustatory receptors on the maxillary sensilla styloconica (Ss-I, Ss-II) were investigated in the common cutworm larvae, Spodoptera litura Fabricius. It was shown that four gustatory receptors are present on Ss-I: a salt receptor (N1), a sugar receptor (S1), a “bitter substance” receptor (R), and a water receptor (W). Two salt receptors (N2, N2'), a fructose receptor (S2) and an inositol receptor (I) were found on Ss-II. The receptive threshold of each receptor to the gustatory substance was measured. The threshold values of the S1-receptor to sucrose, the S2-receptor to fructose, the I-receptor to inositol and the R-receptor to sinigrin were 10-4M, 10-2M, 10-4M, and 10-3M, respectively. Sugars activated the S1-receptor as a feeding stimulant and inhibited the sensitivity of the R-receptor.View full abstractDownload PDF (927K) -
I. Population Density and Reproductive RateTatsuto KAJIMURA, Yousuke MAEOKA, I Nyoman WIDIARTA, Takeshi SUDO, Kaz ...1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 137-144
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe studied the effects of organic farming of rice plants in a paddy and in a chemically-fertilized plot, a poultry-manured plot and a non-fertilized plot on the population densities of the green leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps UHLER, the white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera HORVATH, and the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens STÅL. The density of the green leafhopper in the organically-farmed paddy was the lowest probably due to the low population density during the fallow period. The density of the white-backed planthopper in the organically-farmed paddy was the lowest because the reproductive rate was extremly low. The density of the brown planthopper in the organically-farmed paddy was also the lowest. The density of natural enemies in the organically-farmed paddy was lower or similar to that in the other plots. Therefore, natural enemies did not contribute to the lower density of leafhoppers and planthoppers in the organically-farmed paddy.View full abstractDownload PDF (975K) -
Tetsuro SHINODA1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 145-152
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe callose reaction in leaves induced by feeding of the melon aphid, Aphis gossypii GLOVER, in aphid-resistant and susceptible melons, Cucumis melo L., was studied using the aniline-blue fluorescent-staining technique. Six or 24h after release of ten aphids, many more callose-deposition sites were found in the leaf veins of the aphid-resistant variety ‘PMAR No.5’ than in four susceptible melon varieties. When the callose reaction induced by the aphid probing was analyzed individually, aphids often stopped probing aphid-resistant melons within 20min, but did not stop on susceptible varieties. There was no clear varietal difference between the length of the stylet sheath and the reached tissues, but in aphid-resistant melons, a large amount of callose was observed around most stylet sheaths; no or only small amounts of callose was detected in susceptible varieties. These results suggest that the callose reaction in leaves plays an important role in the aphid-resistant melon variety.View full abstractDownload PDF (1557K) -
Masahiko MORISHITA1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 153-157
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe susceptibilities of Thrips palmi KARNY collected from Kishigawa and Inami, Wakayama Prefecture, to some insecticides were determined by a spray method during 1985-1991. Females collected from cucumber or kidney bean fields were released on leaf discs of kidney bean and kept at 25°C for 2 days for oviposition. Insecticides were sprayed on the 2-3 day larvae. The LC50 values for fenobcurb, methidathion, and cypermethrin were 428-821ppm, 137-551ppm, and 16-41ppm for Kishigawa population, and 558-1266ppm, 440-911ppm, and 29-76ppm for Inami population, respectively. No remarkable changes with time were observed in the susceptibilities to these pesticides. However, the susceptibility of Kishigawa population to sulprofos had decreased since 1990, reaching 572ppm for the LC50 value in 1991. Field experiments with sulprofos also showed thrips control failure in that region. The toxicities of binary mixtures of some pesticides to T. palmi larvae were examined. High synergism was found with sulprofos/cypermethrin, sulprofos/fenobcurb, and methidathion/fenobcurb mixtures.View full abstractDownload PDF (625K) -
IV. Species Composition and Seasonal Abundance of Root AphidsOsamu SETOKUCHI1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 159-162
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSField surveys were conducted on the species composition and seasonal abundance of root aphids on sugarcane in Amami Oshima Island, Kagoshima Prefecture, during 1989-1990. Four species of root aphids, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (SASAKI), Anoecia fulviabdominalis (SASAKI), Tetraneura javensis VAN DER GOOT and Geoica lucifuga (ZEHNTNER), were collected from sugarcane roots. The population densities of R. rufiabdominalis and A. fulviabdominalis were high from April to May, but they were not found in summer. T. javensis and G. lucifuga were found both in summer and in spring. Except for T. javensis, it was confirmed that these aphids overwinter as viviparae.View full abstractDownload PDF (1093K) -
Hitoshi SAITO1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 163-167
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 31, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOviposition patterns in the silkmoths, Samia cynthia ricini, Samia cynthia pryeri and their reciprocal F1 hybrids were investigated under a 16L-8D photoperiod at 25±1°C. Female moths of S.c. ricini mated with males of the same subspecies deposited eggs. About 75% of the total number of eggs were laid during the dark phases of days 1 and 2 after copulation. In virgin females, oviposition occurred mainly on days 3 to 8 after emergence. The average number of eggs in each egg mass of S.c. ricini and S.c. pryeri was about 10 and 25, respectively. The number of eggs per egg mass of S.c. ricini was large, and sometimes more than 100 were laid in concentrated large masses (L-type). On the other hand, female S.c. pryeri laid widely-scattered egg masses in small groups of 1 to 10 eggs (S-type). Inter-subspecific reciprocal crossing produced F1 progenies with differential oviposition patterns. The average number of eggs per egg mass from S.c. ricini (_??_)×S.c. pryeri (_??_) was about 28. (Each mass was of the S-type.) However, the number from S.c. pryeri (_??_)×S.c. ricini (_??_) was about 14. (Each mass was of the L-type.) These results suggest that the gene(s) controlling oviposition behavior is located on the sex chromosome.View full abstractDownload PDF (1176K) -
Yoshihiko ABE1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 169-174
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe morphology, morphogenesis and vertical transmission of a flagellate isolated from the brown-winged green bug are described. The flagellate is fusiform with an ellipsoidal central nucleus. A kinetoplast is located in front of the nucleus from where a flagellum arises. The flagellum emerges from the lateral part of the anterior cytoplasm to form an undulating membrane. This characteristic structure indicates an epimastigote, which is a typical developmental stage among trypanosomatid flagellates and suggests the genus Blastocrithidia. Epimastigotes attach to the lumen of the host intestine and multiply by binary fission. The multiplied epimastigotes accumulate as a rosette cluster and take a stumpy form with a large nucleus and kinetoplast suggesting fusions. Thereafter, the fused epimastigotes become bacilliform with a dense nucleus and kinetoplast showing “flagellar cysts.” Numerous cysts and epimastigotes are observed in feces of infected adults. Larvae originating from egg masses of infected adults were infected with the flagellate. The main flagellate infection route is the contamination of egg masses by cysts during oviposition.View full abstractDownload PDF (1940K) -
Toshiyuki TEZUKA, Yasuo MAETA1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 175-180
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSForaging by three species of bees (Ceratina japonica, Megachile rotundata and Plebeia droryana) was studied in greenhouses roofed with ultraviolet-absorbing (UVA) film, and common agricultural (CA) film. C. japonica could not fly and kept guard at the entrance of nests. M. rotundata left their nests, but most individuals kept flying beneath the ceiling continuously and could not return to their nests. In the highly-eusocial bee P. droryana, some individuals performed foraging. The ratio of foraging tasks on nectar, pollen and resin were 24.5%, 19.3% and 56.2% under UVA film, and 71.8%, 19.8%, and 8.4% under CA film. Resin foraging was performed normally even under UVA film. Resin foragers might be able to orientate with only landmarks and without UV light, because they have wide experience of extranidal tasks.View full abstractDownload PDF (1309K) -
Keisuke NAKATA, Haruo HACHIYA, Yasuo CHIBA, Tomiyuki SATOH1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 181-182
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntermittent gnawing activity, paralysis, urine incontinence, convulsions and panting were observed in the gray red-backed voles after consumption of rodenticide pellets weighing 0.167g and containing 1% zinc phosphide. When the voles ate 1.0-2.7 pellets, their haunches were paralyzed 2.2h later at the earliest. They then suffered considerable locomotion ataxia. Death occurred after 4-6h.View full abstractDownload PDF (297K) -
Kimihiko SATO, Hajime IKEMOTO1993 Volume 37 Issue 3 Pages 183-185
Published: August 25, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (351K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|