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Volume 38 (1994)
- Issue 4 Pages 219-
- Issue 3 Pages 141-
- Issue 2 Pages 65-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 38, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Kenichi KANDA, Yoshio HIRAI, Hironori KOGA, Kazuo HASEGAWA1994 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 141-145
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPerennial ryegrass cultivars grown in field plots were assessed for damage caused by the bluegrass webworm, Parapediasia teterrella. Cultivars infected with an Acremonium endophyte were hardly damaged, and no larvae were detected in these plots. By contrast, plots of endophyte-free cultivars were extensively damaged by feeding webworm, and contained larvae. Laboratory feeding assay using petri dishes showed an endophyte inhibitory effect with seedlings as young as 3-day old. A choice test showed that bluegrass webworm larvae prefer endophyte-free ryegrass leaves to those infected with the Acremonium endophyte. First instar larvae fed on endophyte-infected perennial ryegrass had lower survival rates than those fed on endophyte-free plants. Death may result from starvation because larvae will not eat infected leaves. Tall fescue plants infected with an Acremonium endophyte also showed resistance to the bluegrass webworm, but resistance was confined to the leaf sheaths.View full abstractDownload PDF (668K) -
Taku IWASAKI, Masato AOYAGI, Yasuyuki DODO, Minoru ISHII1994 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 147-151
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeasonal changes in the numbers of the adult dermestid beetle, Thaumaglossa rufocapillata, emerging from egg cases of two species of praying mantises, Tenodera aridifolia and T. angustipennis were investigated, and the newly-emerged dermestid adults were reared under quasi-natural conditions. The adults emerged from the mantis egg cases in May and June. The emergence peaks were earlier in males than in females for egg cases of both mantis species. Emergence began earlier from egg cases of T. aridifolia than from T. angustipennis in both sexes of the dermestid. Oviposition was observed from late May through to mid-August, and the mean fecundity was about 10 eggs per female. Although males and females survived for about 2 months after emergence, all died before September when adult T. aridifolia and T. angustipennis start oviposition. Out of 23 hatched egg cases of the praying mantises, two collected in late July and mid-September harbored larvae or callow adults. They were presumed to be the first generation of larvae and adults.View full abstractDownload PDF (607K) -
I. Effects of Period and Intensity of the White-Backed Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera HORVÁTH (Homoptera: Delphacidae), Infestation on Vegetative Growth and YieldTomonari WATANABE, Kazushige SOGAWA1994 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 153-160
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of infestation by the white-backed planthopper on the vegetative growth and yield of the paddy rice were studied by field-cage experiments in Chikugo, Fukuoka Prefecture, Kyushu. Rice seedlings were transplanted in late June. Infestation levels were manipulated by changing the planthopper densities to 0, 5 and 10 females per hill. Adult planthoppers were released on caged plants in early July (13 days after transplanting) and late July (31 days after transplanting). To quantify the separate effects of oviposition damage by female immigrants and sucking damage by subsequent progeny, insecticide spray plots were used at each treatment. The plant height and number of tillers of infested rice plants were significantly reduced until the maximum tillering stage, when the planthoppers were released in early July. Growth differences between infested and uninfested plants disappeared gradually towards the heading stage. The yield, number of panicles, number of spikelets per panicle, percentage of filled spikelets and weight of 1, 000 grains, were measured at harvest. No correlation was observed between the initial released planthopper density and yield. The infestation by the second generation (early to mid-August) decreased the yield and number of spikelets per panicle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1475K) -
Koji YASUDA, Masaichi TSURUMACHI1994 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 161-167
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe leaf-footed plant bug, L. australis (F.), is a serious pest of cucurbits and many fruits in the tropics. Adults were counted visually from June to July 1987 in cucurbit fields on Ishigaki Island. There were several almost simultaneous waves of adult immigration into fields in many areas of the island. The immigration occurred in fine weather, suggesting some relationship with weather conditions. The sources of the immigrants were probably the wild melon, Diplocyclos palmatus, other cucurbit crops, and some temporary hosts. Male-baited cages places in or outside cucurbit fields attracted immigrating adults. Thus, a pheromone from males already present in fields may attract immigrants to land.View full abstractDownload PDF (1504K) -
II. Measurement of Recovery of Vegetative Growth of Rice Plants Infested with the White-Backed Planthopper, Sogatella furcifera HORVÁTH (Homoptera: Delphacidae), by Spectral ReflectivityTomonari WATANABE, Haruhiko YAMAMOTO, Kazushige SOGAWA1994 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 169-175
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of damage to the leaf sheath caused by oviposition of the white-backed planthopper on the vegetative growth of rice paddy was studied in 1989 and 1990. Release levels were changed from 0 to 8 adult females per hill. The number of tillers, top dry weight and leaf area index (LAI) were reduced at the end of the experiment periods in the release plots. The same reduction was observed in non-sprayed plots after immigration. Growth differences among the plots were reduced towards the reproductive stage. A non-contact, non-destructive method for estimating the top dry weight and the LAI using a portable spectroradiometer was tried in 1990. Changes in the spectral reflectivity in the near-infrared range were useful for measuring the recovery of the top dry weight and the LAI when the LAI was less than 5.View full abstractDownload PDF (797K) -
Tomohiro TAKE, Hisaaki TSUMUKI, Kazutaka SHINODA, Toshiharu YOSHIDA1994 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 177-182
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of cold acclimation on body weights, survival rates, carbohydrate contents and supercooling points of the azuki bean beetle at different stages were tested under the laboratory conditions. The cold acclimated weevil survived longer period at 0°C than the non-acclimated one reared at 25°C. Especially, the mature larvae containing high amount of carbohydrate markedly prolonged the survival period at 0°C, but in pupae and adults such effects of the cold acclimation were slightly observed. This weevil was a freezing susceptible insect and the supercooling points of larva and pupa were around -22∼-26°C, showing that it can tolerate cold winter temperature. This experiment shows that the mature larva may be favourable to overwinter.View full abstractDownload PDF (721K) -
Shiro NAKAO1994 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 183-189
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFemale Thrips nigropilosus were reared under various combinations of temperatures (18° and 25°C) and photoperiods (15L and 10L) at different stages and their age in days. Wing form and preoviposition period were examined to identify the photoperiod sensitive period as a determinant of wing form, the presence of reproductive diapause and the sensitive period for diapause induction. Egg and larval stages were sensitive stages for wing form determination. Short-day photoperiod in 1 day-old larva was necessary for development of brachypters. Long-day photoperiod during any period from the egg immediately before hatching to 8 day-old larva partially or fully inhibited development of brachypters. Depending on the photoperiod during the later-photosensitive period, females grown under long-day photoperiod during the earlier-photosensitive period appear to develop into either macropters or intermediates. Females grown under short-day photoperiod during that period appear to develop into any wing form. Short-day photoperiod induced reproductive diapause, and high temperature inhibited the induction. Egg and larval stages were sensitive to photoperiod as a diapause-inducing stimulus, and egg and earlier larval stages seemed to be more sensitive to photoperiod than later larval stages. A proportion of females entering diapause tended to be higher in brachypters than in macropters and intermediates.View full abstractDownload PDF (981K) -
Satoshi YAMAUCHI1994 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 191-193
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new population of the phytophagous ladybird, Epilachna yasutomii showing a relatively-wide food range was found in Nishitsugaru-gun, Aomori Prefecture. In the laboratory, adults and larvae both fed on leaves of Caulophyllum robustum, Panax japonicus, Hylomecon japonicum and potato (Solanum tuberosum). Due to the wide food range in the natural habita+, about 10% of adults had invaded an adjacent potato field.View full abstractDownload PDF (913K) -
Toshikazu ADACHI, Ken-ichi YAMASHITA1994 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 194-196
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (379K) -
Akira KONDO, Toshihiro SANO, Fukusaburo TANAKA1994 Volume 38 Issue 3 Pages 197-199
Published: August 25, 1994
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn automatic device with a timer camera was designed to record the diel periodicity of pheromone trap catches. Chilo suppressalis and Spodoptera litura moths captured by a sticky-board and a water-pan, respectively, were both photographed clearly. Hourly changes in moth numbers could be easily detected from these films.View full abstractDownload PDF (1359K)
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