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Volume 40 (1996)
- Issue 4 Pages 265-
- Issue 3 Pages 185-
- Issue 2 Pages 97-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 40, Issue 3
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Anthony F.G. DIXON1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 185-190
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (625K) -
Mieko KINJO, Masaaki NAGAMINE, Hajime SUGIE, Yoshio TAMAKI1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 191-197
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structure of the sex pheromone of the most important sugarcane pest, sugarcane shoot borer, Tetramoera schistaceana SNELLEN (Lepidoptera: Olethreutinae) was determined to establish an integrated method of controlling this pest. The sex pheromone was extracted from the abdominal tips of virgin females. Using laboratory bioassay in a small flight tunnel, two active components of the sex pheromone were isolated. The major and minor components were identified as (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate and (E)-9, 11-dodecadienyl acetate, respectively. The major component alone had no attractivity but a mixture of the two components showed strong activity in sugarcane fields. The sex pheromone of T. schistaceana was determined to be a 100:1 mixture of (Z)-9-dodecenyl acetate and (E)-9, 11-dodecadienyl acetate. The synergist increasing the attractivity of the sex pheromone was (E)-7, 9-decadienyl acetate. The best formulation for the sex attractant was a mixture of the two pheromone components and the synergist at a ratio of 1000:10:1.View full abstractDownload PDF (872K) -
Nobuo MIZUTANI, Yoshimi HIROSE, Hiroya HIGUCHI, Takashi WADA1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 199-204
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeasonal fluctuations in the percentage parasitism of phytophagous bug eggs by Ooencyrtus nezarae ISHII and the adult abundance of this parasitoid were investigated in summer soybean fields of Kumamoto, Japan, in 1990 and 1991. O. nezarae parasitized the eggs of four phytophagous bugs, Riptortus clavatus (THUNBERG), Piezodorus hybneri (GMELIN), Eysarcoris guttiger (THUNBERG) and Nezara antennata SCOTT, occurring as a gregarious parasitoid only in eggs of R. clavatus. Among these hosts, R. clavatus eggs were the most important host resource for O. nezarae in summer soybean fields. Parasitism of R. clavatus eggs by O. nezarae was high in both years, and these host eggs had a high value as a resource due to their high density and gregarious parasitism. Only females of O. nezarae were caught by a sticky-suction trap before host oviposition and from the beginning of the host oviposition to the emergence of this parasitoid in soybean fields, indicating that only females colonize soybean fields. These colonizing females increased with increasing egg density of R. clavatus. The sex ratio of emerging O. nezarae adults became male-biased suggesting that females disperse more readily from emergence sites than males.View full abstractDownload PDF (687K) -
Hiroki IZAWA, Mh. OSAKABE, Seiichi MORIYA, Satoshi TODA1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 205-208
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHybrids between the early-season strain of Torymus beneficus and T. sinensis, in which the malic enzyme (ME) is fixed at the F and S alleles, respectively, can be discriminated from their parents by the enzyme banding pattern using PAG electrophoresis. The ME locus of hybrids between the late-season strains of T. beneficus and T. sinensis is fixed at the S allele. Females of Torymus spp. collected in the field at Tsukuba had various ratios of ovipositor sheath length to thorax length and three ME genotypes: SS, FS and FF. Detection of FS in this population indicates that natural hybridization occurs between early-season strains of T. beneficus and T. sinensis.View full abstractDownload PDF (518K) -
Hiroaki OGIHARA, Seiichi KUBOTA, Sunao IKEUCHI1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 209-215
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mating, feeding and flight behaviors of Oraesia emarginata FABRICIUS were observed under the artificial conditions of 15L-9D photoperiod and 23-24°C. Most male and female moths mated first from 2 to 5 days after emergence. Before mating, females took the calling position at 5.3h after light off. Mating started from 6.3h and peaked at 7 to 8h after light off. The mean uninterrupted mating time was 66min. On the day mating took place, 10% to 20% of both male and female moths sucked fruit juice within 2h after light off, and then the number of sucking adults decreased until mating. After mating, females did not take food, but many male moths fed again. During observations on following days, re-mating couples were excluded to verify differences in behavior between days when mating occurred and when it did not. After the mating day, most mated females laid eggs and 5% to 10% of them sucked fruit juice continuously throughout the dark period. On the other hand, mated males mainly fed soon after light off. They usually fed once during the dark period and the mean feeding time was less than 20min. Flights showed two peaks during the dark period. These peaks occurred not only on the mating day, but also on the following several days. The first smaller peak occurred 1 to 2h after light off. This was thought to be flight for orientation to the feeding habitat. The second larger peak appeared from 5.6 to 7h after light off and may be due to increased mating activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (916K) -
Shizuo FUJIYAMA, Ken'ichi HARADA1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 217-226
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix geographic populations of Chrysolina aurichalcea were reared at seven constant temperatures to analyze the species wide distribution range. The developmental zero was about 7°C for all populations. It is rather lower than that of general insects in temperate regions, reflecting the active life-cycle in the cold season. The thermal constant was split into two groups (467-490 and 524-538 degree-days). The former group includes Yakushima, Mikkabi, Matsumoto and Sanjiro (southern populations); the latter group includes Utsukushigahara and Sapporo (northern and alpine populations). The groups also seem to correspond to the 31 and 41 male chromosome numbers, respectively. Body weight decreased with increasing temperature for Yakushima and Sanjiro. The survival rate was highest from 15°C to 26°C, quite high even at 13°C or 10°C, but at 30°C, most individuals from the fourth instar to pupa died. These characteristics suggest that the species or a closely-related ancient species originated from the northern temperate zone and that it has adapted to different environments by shifting its seasonal cycle to maintain its active stages in the cooler season.View full abstractDownload PDF (1141K) -
Hiroaki OGIHARA, Seiichi KUBOTA, Sunao IKEUCHI1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 227-232
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of temperature on the longevity and feeding frequency of adults of the Fruit Sucking Moth, Oraesia emarginata FABRICIUS was investigated at constant temperatures from 8°C to 29°C at a photoperiod of 15L-9D. The mean longevity was maximum (about 100 days) at 14°C and gradually decreased as temperature rose or tell (30 days at 29°C and 17 days at 8°C). Males survived 6 to 12 days longer than females above 17°C. There were no sex-related differences below 14°C. Feeding was most frequent at 20°C in males and at 17°C in females. The frequency gradually decreased as temperature diverged and was almost zero at 8°C. The number of days when moths showed feeding activity was 8 to 11 days longer in males than in females above 17°C. Below 14°C no difference was found between the sexes. The ratio of feeding days to longevity increased gradually with rising temperature and peaked at 26°C. There was no difference in feeding frequency between virgin females and mated females at 26°C. There is a high correlation between feeding frequency and early night temperature (from 18:00 to 22:00) under natural conditions. The regression equation predicts that the critical temperature for feeding is 11°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (661K) -
Toshiharu AKINO, Ryohei YAMAOKA1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 233-238
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe trail pheromone of Lasius fuliginosus LATREILLE contained two kinds of chemicals: fatty acids such as n-hexanoic acid and n-heptanoic acid contained in the hind gut (HUWYLER et al., 1975), and an aliphatic alcohol. The trail-pheromone activity of the latter compound was stronger than that of the fatty acids. However, no peak corresponding to the putative trail pheromone could be detected in two different capillary columns, probably because the amount of pheromone was too small.View full abstractDownload PDF (750K) -
Yutaka GYOUTOKU, Keizaburo MURAI, Tetsuji MIYATA, Takaharu ISODA1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 238-241
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe susceptibility of two populations of the citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella, collected from Matsubase in Kumamoto Prefecture and Naruto in Tokushima Prefecture, to several insecticides was determined by field tests and laboratory bioassay. Citrus leaves infested with 1st and 2nd instar larvae were dipped into insecticide solutions and kept in petri dishs containing wet filter paper at 25°C. The mortalities were determined 48h. The Matsubase population was resistant to fenvalerate (LC50=30.1ppm) and permethrin (LC50=5.27ppm), but the Naruto population was susceptible. The susceptibility to phosmet was low in the Matsubase (LC50=3, 212ppm) and Naruto populations (LC50=150ppm). These results are consistent with the trend found in field tests with insecticides to control P. citrella.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Susumu TOKUMARU, Hajimu TAKADA1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 242-244
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe numbers of eggs deposited and host feeding were examined in Aphelinus gossypii provided with third-instar larvae of Aphis gossypii as hosts. The parasitoid female had a mean (±SD) longevity of 8.1±3.5 days (range 5-17 days). The mean (±SD) daily and total numbers of eggs deposited were 8.3±3.3 (range 3.8-19.3) and 57.0±30.4 (20-115), respectively. The mean (±SD) daily and total numbers of aphids killed by host feeding were 1.5±0.6 (range 0.4-3.0) and 10.7±6.5 (2-23), respectively. On average, the parasitoid female killed one aphid by feeding for every 5.3 eggs deposited over 8 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (331K) -
Yasuhiko KONNO, Fukusaburo TANAKA1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 245-247
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Rice Stem Borer, Chilo suppressalis (WALKER), is a serious pest of rice plants in Asia. In Japan, host plants of are mainly rice plants (Oryza sativa) and the water-oat (Zizania latifolia). Our previous study indicated significant differences in insecticide susceptibility and esterase isozyme patterns between the rice-feeding and water-oat-feeding strains. In the present study, the mating time of the two strains was investigated in the laboratory. The mating time was significantly different. The peak of mating time of the rice-feeder was 5h earlier than that of the water-oat-feeder, suggesting that the two strains are reproductively isolated.View full abstractDownload PDF (421K) -
Yoichi SHIRAI1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 247-249
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe body size and number of malc Plutella xylostella were evaluated in small-scale cruciferous vegetable fields, from 1990 to 1995. In the unusually cool summer of 1993, P. xylostella were larger and more abundant than in the unusually hot summer of 1994. The population density in mid-summer did not correlate with that in autumn.View full abstractDownload PDF (271K) -
Kouichi GOKA, Akio TAKAFUJI1996 Volume 40 Issue 3 Pages 250-252
Published: August 25, 1996
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGenetic variations of esterase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucoisomerase in the Kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai KISHIDA, were studied by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Based on their banding patterns, three dimeric enzyme loci were detected: Est-4, MDH and PGI. Est-4 and MDH exhibited two alleles, and PGI three alleles. The allele frequencies in these loci varied among populations. These three loci will be useful gene markers for studying the genetic divergence of T. kanzawai.View full abstractDownload PDF (797K)
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