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Volume 41 (1997)
- Issue 4 Pages 187-
- Issue 3 Pages 115-
- Issue 2 Pages 75-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 41, Issue 3
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Haruhiko YAMAMOTO, Yoshiyuki HONDA, Seiji HAYAKAWA, Yasusuke OHGATA1997 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 115-119
Published: August 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rice leaf-folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis GUENÉE is a serious pest in western Japan. We measured the net photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate of undamaged, folded and damaged leaves using a portable system. The undamaged leaf net photosynthetic rate was 21.98μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1 at the leaf top and 21.81μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1 at the leaf base. The folded leaf net photosynthetic rate was 10.04-14.23μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1 or 42%-66% that of healthy leaves. The damaged leaf net photosynthetic rate of was -1.12μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1. The dark respiration rates of undamaged and damaged leaves were 0.45μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1 and 2.05μmol⋅m-2⋅s-1, respectively. The relationship between damaged leaf area (X) and net photosynthetic rate (Y) is Y=25.8-0.27X (r2=0.97, p<0.01). The relationship between damaged leaf area (X) and dark respiration rate (Y) is Y=0.36+0.019X (r2=0.68, p<0.01).View full abstractDownload PDF (1491K) -
Shizuo FUJIYAMA1997 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 121-131
Published: August 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo analyze acclimation in Anomala cuprea to different thermal environments, populations from Sakurai (135°50′E; 34°30′N; alt. 50m), Nara Prefecture, Japan were reared at four altitudes on Mt. Hiei (135°50′E; 35°3′N; alt. 848m; Kyoto Prefecture): 120m, 300m, 580m and 820m. Results were compared with development estimates made using thermal constant and developmental zero, and estimated soil temperature. The seasonal developments of the populations corresponded well with the estimates. Populations that hibernated at the third instar in the first year had a univoltine life cycle, but those that hibernated at younger stages had a semivoltine life cycle regardless of altitude. It seems that the populations could be acclimated up to an altitude of 580m but not at 820m, because adult emergence was too late for reproduction. It is concluded that natural populations occurring above altitudes of 580m and latitudes above 38°N must have a different temperature response presenting diapause, or thermal constant and/or developmental zero. The polymorphic variation in life cycle and the quite wide distribution of scarabaeids is discussed based on the significance of mild soil temperature in winter.View full abstractDownload PDF (1513K) -
Akie YASUHARA, Setsuya MOMOI1997 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 133-139
Published: August 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe photoperiodic response of two populations of Coccygomimus luctuosus SMITH, a polyphagous internal parasitoid was investigated. In the Hokkaido strain (43°N), diapause was induced in about 90% of individuals at the final larval instar under LD 12:12 at both 17 and 20°C, whereas the diapause rate was much lower at photoperiods longer or shorter than LD 12:12. Although the diapause rate was slightly higher at 17 than at 20°C, the shape of the photoperiodic response curve was not altered by temperature. In the Hyogo (35°N) population, neither short nor long photoperiods induced noticeable developmental arrest at 20°C, while short photoperiods at 17°C induced diapause in a significant number of individuals. Larvae at the penultimate instar were most sensitive to diapause inducing stimuli. Diapause development continued under short photoperiods and the rate of diapause termination depended on photoperiod but not temperature. The difference in temperature-dependent photoperiodic response between the two populations might be related to the habitat climate conditions (severe north vs mild south). The result clearly indicates that the regulation of life cycle in C. luctuosus depends on environmental cues, suggesting 3-4 generations are produced annually in Hokkaido, and 7-8 generations in Hyogo.View full abstractDownload PDF (722K) -
Eiji ISHITANI, Tadao GOTOH, Takashi KAWASAKI1997 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 141-146
Published: August 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA sticky light trap was developed to catch adults of the mushroom-infesting sciarids, Lycoriella mali and Bradysia paupera. The trap is a plastic cylinder (27-cm high×13-cm diameter) for a rolled-up sticky sheet around a fluorescent black lamp emitting visible blue and UV light. The lamp attracts 4 to 5 times more female adults than a fluorescent white lamp. More than 90% of trapped adults were female, suggesting that females are more strongly attracted than males. The trap caught 2.5 times more females than an electrocuter using the same light source. Ovipositing females were also attracted, but the percentage to total female catch varied with mushroom house and ranged from 34.8% to 76.4%.View full abstractDownload PDF (1451K) -
Satoko YOKOTA, Chisa YASUNAGA, Takeshi KAWARABATA, Syoji HAYASAKA, Kat ...1997 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 147-152
Published: August 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpores of Nosema mesnili NM-HC-A8801 primed with 0.1N KOH solution were inoculated into four lepidopteran cell lines (Antheraea eucalypti, Spodoptera frugiperda SF21AEII, Bombyx mori BmN-4, and Trichoplusia ni hi5), and the microsporidian growth and spread of infection were investigated. At a ratio of 30 spores per cell, 3% to 5% of host cells were infected initially with sporoplasms at 1h post-inoculation. The number of the parasites in an infected cell started to increase at 24h post-inoculation, depending on the merogony of N. mesnili NM-HC-A8801. At 48h post-inoculation, when secondary infective forms appeared, rapid increases were observed in the number of parasitized cells. The percentage of infected cells at 120h post-inoculation in the A. eucalypti, S. frugiperda SF21AEII, and B. mori BmN-4 cell lines reached approximately 90%, 60%, and 20%, respectively. Persistent infections of N. mesnili NM-HC-A8801 could be maintained through several passages of these cell cultures. In particular, the A. eucalypti and S. frugiperda SF21AEII cell lines showed high compatibility with this microsporidium. On the other hand, only 4% of T. ni hi5 cells were infected at 120h post-inoculation, and infected cells disappeared after the second passage.View full abstractDownload PDF (848K) -
Eisuke KATAYAMA1997 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 153-160
Published: August 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMegachile humilis SMITH is a common univoltine species, occurring mainly from late July to mid September in Japan. Nine nests were examined over 23 years. They are always found in shallow underground burrows, 4.9-12cm long and 8-12mm diameter. One discovered nest burrow (Hu-6) was in an abandoned tunnel of a spider, Atypus karschi DOENITZ, but all others had been excavated by the bees themselves. In completed nests, the burrow entrance is not plugged by leaf pieces, soil or other materials, but is always left open. The number of cells per nest is small, ranging from 1-3 (mean 1.6). Leaf pieces of cells are not stuck together using mandibular substances secreted by the bees; this is a unique feature of Megachile. The number of leaf pieces per cell ranged from 24-56 (mean 37.8). The shapes of leaf pieces used in different parts of cells are similar to those in other Megachile species, except for the semiround leaf pieces (A-3 type) at the cell bottom. This is not known in other soil-burrowing Megachile species. The provisions, eggs and cocoons of the M. humilis are the same as those of other known Megachile species.View full abstractDownload PDF (2849K) -
Tsutomu SAITO, Akihito OZAWA, Fumitaka IKEDA1997 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 161-163
Published: August 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEgg-to-adult developmental times of Hemiptarsenus varicornis females and males at 25°C were 8.8 days and 8.6 days on Liriomyza trifolii, and 9.0 days and 8.8 days on L. bryoniae, respectively. The estimated lower threshold temperatures for development of the parasitoid females and males were 8.5 and 8.9°C on L. trifolii, and 8.4 and 8.2°C on L. bryoniae, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (395K) -
Yukio ANDO1997 Volume 41 Issue 3 Pages 163-165
Published: August 25, 1997
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo distinct waveforms were confirmed to correspond to ingestion from vessel and from phloem, by electro-physiological measurement and examination of salivary sheaths. Another characteristic waveform described as trial phloem feeding was shown to be an indication of actual ingestion from phloem. There was no significant difference in distribution patterns of salivary sheath between rice cultivars. Concentrations of some amino acids, especially aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, and arginine, were remarkably lower in the phloem sap of resistant varieties than susceptible varieties.View full abstractDownload PDF (307K)
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