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Volume 42 (1998)
- Issue 4 Pages 197-
- Issue 3 Pages 107-
- Issue 2 Pages 45-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 42, Issue 3
Displaying 1-12 of 12 articles from this issue
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Osamu Kikuchi, Kaoru Satoh1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 107-113
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of fungicides on Verticillium lecanii on culture media was classified into three grades. Three strains of V. lecanii were studied for practical control of Aphis gossypii and Trialeurodes vaporariorum in greenhouses. Fungicides with no effect on culture media had no effect on V. lecanii in greenhouse trials. When fungicides with some effect on culture media were applied 3 days after application of V. lecanii, the secondary infectivity of V. lecanii tended to be weak. When fungicides with strong effect on culture media were applied within 3 days after application of V. lecanii, insect mortality due to V. lecanii was not seen. It seems that the effect of the fungicides on V. lecanii has no relationship to the different strains of V. lecanii. If we can develop a system to integrate use of V. lecanii with fungicides, V. lecanii could be put to practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (1002K) -
Toru Nagata, Takahiko Hayakawa1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 115-121
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe antifeeding activity of aconitic acids and oxalic acid on the Brown Planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) was determined by an improved artificial membrane method. These organic acids were administered to BPH as an aqueous diet containing 2.5% sucrose through an artificial membrane of stretched thin polyethylene film (Searon film®) and the excreted honeydew was weighed. The organic acids were administered as free acids or salts neutralized to pH 7 with KOH or Ca(OH)2. Oxalic acid was the most active antifeedant administered as free acid or salt, followed by (E)-aconitic acid (trans-aconitic acid), which has been reported as an antifeedant for BPH. The concentration (0.007%) of (E)-aconitic acid in the phloem sap of Barnyard Grass, Echinochloacrus-galli (Linn.) Beauv. var. oryzicola (Vasing.) Ohwi, collected by the razor method and determined by HPLC was more than 100 times lower than the concentration (over 1%) inhibiting feeding by the artificial membrane method. This suggests the uncertainty of the existing conclusion attributing the resistance of Barnyard Grass to BPH to the presence of (E)-aconitic acid in the plant. Significant feeding stimulation was observed with the salt form of (E)-aconitic acid and (Z)-aconitic acids (cis-aconitic acid) in a lower concentration range than that inhibiting feeding. Similar stimulation was observed in the Green Rice Leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps Uhler with the salt form of (Z)-aconitic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (883K) -
Akie Yasuhara, Setuya Momoi, Hiromiti Kondo1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 123-128
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of photoperiod and temperature on development and diapause in five species of Coccygomimus: C. pluto Ashmead, C. instigator Fabricius, C. alboannulatus Uchida, C. aquilonius japonicus Momoi, and C. disparis Viereck from Hokkaido, Japan were investigated. Based on the patterns of photoperiodic control of diapause, these species were classified into two groups. In C. pluto and C. instigator, 90%-100% of individuals entered deep diapause in the final larval instar at 12L-12D and 13L-11D at 20°C; the incidence of diapause was lower at shorter or longer photoperiods. In C. aquilonius japonicus and C. alboannulatus, the incidence of diapause was high at 13L-11D at 17 and 20°C. These four species can be grouped together. In C. disparis, diapause occurred at short photoperiods at 15, but not at 17 and 20°C and development was slightly retarded during the prepupal stage at short photoperiods. This species can be classified separately from the other four species. These five Coccygomimus species were sensitive to photoperiod only immediately before the diapause stage. Diapause ended at transfer from a short to a long photoperiod. A shift in temperature from 20 to 25°C did not terminate diapause except in C. disparis where a shift from 15 to 20 or 25°C stimulated resumption of rapid development. Based on these and other results, it is likely that photoperiodic control of diapause in Coccygomimus species is constrained by phyletic relationships, rather than by geographic distribution.View full abstractDownload PDF (744K) -
Effect of AC VoltageSaburoh Satoh, Norikatu Takata, Satoshi Ihara, Chobei Yamabe1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 129-133
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe possibility of electrical control of the Apple Snail, Pomacea canaliculata (L.) and/or electrical control of eating and mating were investigated using an AC voltage of 80-330V at a pulse duration of 2-60s. The longer AC voltage pulses did not kill the Apple Snails because they were in their electrically-insulated shell when the voltage was applied. However, the pulsed AC voltage was quite effective in controlling their activities. An index, D20, is proposed to quantity the effect of AC voltage application. D20 expresses the durability of irritation and is defined as the ratio between the minimum and maximum numbers of stationary Apple Snails for 20min after voltage application. D20 increased in proportional to the applied voltage and the cumulative application of the same voltage. Saturation appeared when the applied voltage duration reached 10s.View full abstractDownload PDF (1095K) -
Yoshinori Kunimoto, Seiji Nishino, Junichi Otuji, Kiyohide Inda1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 135-140
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of uneven acaricide application on control of spider mites in chrysanthemum fields was examined by laboratory and field studies. The acaricide deposition index was measured using water-sensitive paper in chrysanthemum fields of five growers. The deposition was very high on the top face of the water-sensitive paper, but very low on the back. When two growers sprayed tebufenpyrad in their chrysanthemum fields, the density of spider mites did not decline in one field, and the result in the other field was unclear. When two growers sprayed milbemectin in their chrysanthemum fields, one grower could control the mite density, but the other could not. Resistance to acaricide was investigated using two strains of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite (green-form) collected from chrysanthemum fields examined for mite density. Both strains were resistant to tebufenpyrad, but susceptible to milbemectin. The mortality and fertility of mites were investigated by laboratory tests under different milbemectin deposition conditions. When the deposition index on the water-sensitive paper was 2 or more, the mite fertility was very low. Fertility was higher at an index of 1. We propose that both acaricide resistance and application deposition rate must be investigated for practical control of spider mites in chrysanthemum fields.View full abstractDownload PDF (1856K) -
Akihito Ozawa, Tsutomu Saito, Fumitaka Ikeda, Mitsuaki Ota1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 141-147
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe efficiency of adult counts on yellow sticky traps and pupal counts in trays to estimate the larval occurrence of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) in tomato greenhouses were evaluated based on the relationships between the former counts and the number of larvae or mines found on leaves, and between the latter counts and the number of larvae found on leaves. A significant correlation was found between the number of adults per trap per day and the density of larvae 1 week after trapping adults in an experimental greenhouse and in commercial greenhouses controlled by chemicals. No significant relationships were found in commercial greenhouses where the leafminer was controlled with parasitoids. A significant correlation was found between the cumulative number of adults per trap and the density of mines 1 week after trapping adults in all greenhouses. In an experimental greenhouse, the number of pupae caught per tray per day was significantly correlated with the number of larvae per plant. However, it was not significantly correlated with the number of larvae 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after counting pupae. The capture rate of emerged pupae changed from 36.3% to 5.0%, due to the increased number of leaves per plant. Consequently, it is suggested that the yellow sticky trap is more reliable than the pupal tray for estimating densities of larvae and mines of L. trifolii on tomatoes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1033K) -
Akihito Ozawa, Tsutomu Saito, Fumitaka Ikeda1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 149-161
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of 28 insecticides, 8 acaricides and 18 fungicides on Diglyphus isaea (Walker) and Dacnusa sibirica Telenga, parasitoids of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess), were evaluated by laboratory experiments to determine their toxicity to the adults and larvae of these parasitoids, and their action on parasitism. All tested organophosphate, synthetic pyrethroid, nereistoxin analog and carbamate insecticides were harmful to the adults and mature larvae of D. isaea and the adults of D. sibirica, and also prevented their parasitism of larvae of L. trifolii. The period of residual contact toxicity of granules of acephate and fosthiazate applied in soil to adults of D. isaea and D. sibirica was more than 6 weeks. Tested chloronicotinyl insecticides were moderately harmful to the adults of the parasitoids, and imidacloprid prevented parasitism by D. isaea. Granules of imidacloprid applied in soil did not show contact toxicity, and prevention of parasitism by D. isaea was slight. Bromopropylate, dicofol and fenbutatin oxide acaricides were slightly harmful to the adult parasitoids, but fenbutatin oxide was safe to larvae and parasitism by D. isaea. Hexythiazox, Bacillus thuringiensis and sodium oleate were safe for adults and larvae of D. isaea, and parasitism by the two species of parasitoids. Growth regulator insecticides, buprofezin, flufenoxuron, pyriproxyfen and teflubenzuron, were safe for the adults, parasitism by the two species of parasitoids and development of progeny oviposited by adult D. isaea dipped in them. Except pyriproxyfen, these IGR insecticides were safe for larvae of D. isaea. Pymetrozine was safe for adults of the two parasitoids, the larvae of D. isaea and parasitism by D. sibirica, while it was slightly harmful to parasitism by D. isaea. Most tested fungicides were safe. Captan was moderately harmful to adults of the two parasitoids, but was safe for larvae and parasitism by the parasitoids. Thus, it is suggested that IGRs (buprofezin, flufenoxuron, pyriproxyfen and teflubenzuron), Bacillus thuringiensis, sodium oleate, pymetrozine, some acaricides and most fungicides can be combined with D. isaea and D. sibirica in L. trifolii IPM programs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1973K) -
Takafumi Tsutsumi, Norimitsu Sakaguchi, Soumei Totogawa, Masahiro Yama ...1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 163-165
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mortality of adult honeybees, Apis mellifera (L.), sprayed with a conidial suspension of Beauveria brongniartii GSES was 9% to 40% at concentrations of between 1×108 and 1×104conidia/ml, whereas the mortality of adult honeybees sprayed with distilled water as a control was 12%. No bee cadavers had outer mycelial growth. The mortality of two carabid beetles, Apotomopterus japonicus and Apotomopterus dehaani, sprayed with conidial suspensions of B. brongniartii GSES and SES879 was 11%-35% at concentration of 1.4×107 and 1.5×107conidia/ml, whereas the mortality of Psacothea hilaris was 80% to 100% at the same concentrations. All cadavers of P. hilaris had outer mycelial growth, but the cadavers of the two carabids had none. It is concluded that this fungus is not pathogenic to adult honeybees and the two carabid beetles.View full abstractDownload PDF (491K) -
Yoshinori Kunimoto, Seiji Nishino, Junichi Otuji, Kiyohide Inda1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 165-167
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe densities of Two-Spotted Spider Mites at normal and concentrated application of acaricide were investigated on seven cultivars of chrysanthemums by 11 growers. The occurrence of mites in each grower's field was similar for the seven different cultivars. Even when growers used the same acaricide at a similar application frequency, mite density was different. Mite density is more severely affected by pesticide management than by cultivar.View full abstractDownload PDF (494K) -
Yasuhiko Konno1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 167-170
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe insecticide susceptibility of the Fall Webworm, Hyphantria cunea and its parasitoid fly, Exorista japonica, was studied. Larvae of H. cunea were hardly susceptible to organophosphorus insecticides, such as fenitrothion (LD50=>100μg/larva) and isoxathion (LD50=54μg/larva). However, adults of H. cunea were quite susceptible to fenitrothion (LD50=1.4μg/male and 2.2μg/female). Adults of E. japonica emerging from pupa of H. cunea were very susceptible to fenitrothion (LD50=0.082μg/adult). The results suggest that a judicious choice of insecticide is necessary to control H. cunea, if E. japonica is used as a biological control agent, too.View full abstractDownload PDF (726K) -
Taku Iwasaki, Masato Aoyagi, Yasuyuki Dodo, Minoru Ishii1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 170-171
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdults of the first generation of the dermestid beetle, Thaumaglossa rufocapillata emerging from hatched egg cases of Tenodera spp. mantises in autumn, were reared under semi-natural conditions. Some adults fed on 10% honey overwintered and survived until next summer. Females laid eggs in autumn, and resumed egg laying in spring. They are considered to have the potential to overwinter as adults, although no adult of this dermestid has been collected in winter in mainland Japan. In contrast, no female overwintered when reared without food and water, or when feeding was stopped in mid-November. The results indicate that adult longevity of the first generation of this dermestid is limited, not by low temperatures in winter, but by food supply.View full abstractDownload PDF (343K) -
Shiro Nakao1998 Volume 42 Issue 3 Pages 172-173
Published: August 25, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFemale Thrips setosus were reared under various combinations of temperatures (23°C, 18°C and 5°C) and photoperiods (15L-9D and 10L-14D) at diffferent stages and ages. Preoviposition period was examined to identify the presence of reproductive diapause and the conditions controlling induction and termination of diapause. Short-day photoperiod induced and maintained reproductive diapause, and both high temperature (23°C) and long-day inhibited diapause induction and maintenance. Reproductive diapause was never terminated under moderate temperature (18°C) and short-day, but it was terminated under the same photothermic conditions after low temperature (5°C) incubation for a certain period.View full abstractDownload PDF (358K)
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