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Volume 43 (1999)
- Issue 4 Pages 161-
- Issue 3 Pages 113-
- Issue 2 Pages 75-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 43, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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I. Evaluation of Biological Control by Release of Diglyphus isaea (Walker) in Experimental GreenhousesAkihito Ozawa, Tsutomu Saito, Mitsuaki Ota1999 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 161-168
Published: November 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effectiveness of biological control of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) by the release of Diglyphus isaea (Walker) on tomatoes was evaluated in greenhouses. Three experiments were tried in spring (Trial 1), early summer (Trial 2), and mid-summer (Trial 3). The parasitoid release rates were 0.13 _??_ per plant (5 releases) in Trial 1, 0.19 _??_ per plant (8 releases) in Trial 2, and 0.15 _??_ per plant (3 releases) in Trial 3. The host release rates were 0.5 _??_ per plant (1 release) in Trial 1, 0.5 _??_ per plant (3 releases) in Trial 2, and 0.5 _??_ per plant (1 release) in Trial 3. The densities of leafminer larvae in greenhouses where parasitoids were released in Trials 1, 2 and 3, were held below 1/4, 1/36, and 1/10 of the control larval density, respectively. The mortalities of leafminer larvae observed in Trials 1, 2 and 3, increased by up to 94.1%, 98.4%, and 100%, respectively. The number of empty mines in Trials 1, 2 and 3, were 1.3 per leaf, 2.2 per leaf, and 3.4 per leaf at the end of the experiment, respectively. The number of fallen leafminer pupae in trays under tomato plants in Trials 1 and 2, and the number of leafminer adults caught by yellow sticky traps in Trial 3, were few compared to the controls. The only parasitoid species emerging from L. trifolii larvae in Trials 1, and 3 was D. isaea, while the indigenous parasitoid, Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), was dominant in Trial 2. The maximum percentage parasitisms based on the number of adult parasitoids emerging from samples collected in the release greenhouses in Trials 1, 2, and 3, were 92.3%, 86.7%, and 95.1%, respectively. Consequently, it is suggested that D. isaea is effective against L. trifolii on tomato in greenhouses from spring through summer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1275K) -
Tomoko Minami, Minoru Ishii, Kazuhisa Temma1999 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 169-174
Published: November 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe investigated the parasitoid complex of gypsy moth populations in a coppice on Mt. Mikusa in northern Osaka and in urban greenery of the campus of Osaka Prefecture University (OPU) in southern Osaka in 1997. We collected 79 and 117 gypsy moth larvae on Mt. Mikusa and at the OPU, respectively, from May to July. The larvae were reared individually on fresh leaves of Quercus acutissima under a photoperiod of 14L-10D at 22°C. Seventeen (21%) and 36 (31%) larvae and pupae were killed by eight species of parasitoid for the Mt. Mikusa and OPU moth populations, respectively. The Hymenopteran parasitoid, Hyposoter sp. (Ichneumonidae) was obtained from both sites, while Glyptapanteles liparidis, Protapanteles sp. (Braconidae) and Ichneumonidae sp. were obtained only from Mt. Mikusa, and Cotesia melanoscela, Meteorus pulchricornis (Braconidae) were obtained only from OPU. The Dipteran parasitoids, Exorista japonica and Bessa parallela (Tachinidae) were obtained only from OPU. The percentage of E. japonica was 68% of the total parasitoids from OPU, while that of the dominant species, A. lymantriae, was only 23% on Mt. Mikusa. The species diversity (1-λ) of the parasitoid complex was higher on Mt. Mikusa (0.80) than at OPU (0.55).View full abstractDownload PDF (1818K) -
Chiaki Fujiwara, Masashi Nomura1999 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 175-179
Published: November 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of photoperiod and temperature on the developmental period of the larval stages of Chrysoperla carnea were studied under laboratory conditions. Developmental zero was 10.2°C and the thermal constant for the developmental period of one generation was 414 degree-days. The developmental period at 27.5°C was longer than at 25°C. On the other hand, the developmental period of pre-imaginal stages depended on photoperiod. The durations of the pre-imaginal stages were longer under 16L-8D, 13.5L-10.5D and 10L-14D than under 14L-10D and 13L-11D. These results indicate that the pre-imaginal stages are sensitive to both short and long days. It is assumed that this dependence on photoperiod is useful for overwintering adults emerging in the autumn.View full abstractDownload PDF (644K) -
Tadao Gotoh, Kiyoshi Nakamuta, Masahiko Tokoro, Tadakazu Nakashima1999 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 181-184
Published: November 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mating behavior of the sciarid fly, Lycoriella mali, a serious insect pest of mushroom cultivation in Japan, was analyzed for the presence of sex pheromones. Unmated male flies made copulatory responses, such as wing fanning, ventral bending of abdomen and opening of clasper, to an unmated female, crude extracts of an unmated female and separate body parts of an unmated female, suggesting the presence of female sex pheromones on all parts of female flies. However, unmated male flies did not make any copulatory responses to 10-4 to 10-11g of n-heptadecane, previously reported as a sex pheromone of the flies in the USA. Unmated females elicited copulatory responses from males when older than 2h after adult eclosion. Unmated males made copulatory responses to unmated females when older than 1h after adult eclosion. Unmated females elicited copulatory responses by males until 3 days after adult eclosion. On the other hand, 100% of unmated males showed copulatory responses even at 9 days after adult eclosion. The copulatory responses of unmated males to mated females decreased quickly after the female had mated once.View full abstractDownload PDF (1192K) -
Masahiko Morishita, Akio Takafuji1999 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 185-188
Published: November 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe diapause status was studied of the Kanzawa spider mite, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida, occurring in pea fields and on non-cultivated hosts along the field in central Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. The proportion of diapausing females on peas and the non-cultivated evergreen host, Akebia quinata (Thunb.), increased through autumn, reaching a peak of 60% in December, but declined thereafter. In November, a higher proportion of diapausing females was found on another non-cultivated deciduous host, Clerodendrum trichotomum Thunb. than on the above two hosts. This earlier increase on C. trichotomum was due to the host defoliation. The diapause percentage of T. kanzawai at 16°C and 20°C was close to 100% at daylengths shorter than 10h. The critical daylength for diapause induction was between 10 and 11h.View full abstractDownload PDF (502K) -
Akira Kondo, Takaaki Hiramatsu1999 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 189-193
Published: November 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of injuries to peach leaves caused by Aculus fockeui on photosynthetic rate, fruit quality, early defoliation and tree vigor were examined. Photosynthetic rates were significantly lower in injured leaves than in healthy leaves. Although no significant relationships between leaf injury levels at fruit harvest (late August) and fruit weights or acidities were detected, the sugar content of fruit was negatively correlated with injury levels. The percentages of defoliation in late September and leaf injury levels at fruit harvest showed a significant positive correlation. Enlargement of the floral bud volume was suppressed in severely damaged trees with 70%-80% defoliation in late September compared to undamaged trees with 5%-10% defoliation. Also damaged trees had significantly smaller ovary size and fruit enlargement was similarly suppressed. Further, weight, sugar content and acidity of next year's fruit in damaged trees were all significantly lower than in undamaged ones. Thus, severe peach leaf injuries caused by A. fockeui reduce the sugar content of fruit in the current year and damaged trees have lower vigor due to postharvest defoliation, resulting in lower fruit quality in the next year.View full abstractDownload PDF (768K) -
Nobuo Mizutani, Takashi Wada, Hiroya Higuchi, Mikio Ono, Walter Soares ...1999 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 195-202
Published: November 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS(E)-2-Hexenyl (Z)-3-hexenoate (E2HZ3H), a component of a synthetic aggregation pheromone (pheromone) of the bean bug, Riptortus clavatus, attracts females of the bug's main natural enemy, the egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus nezarae. The effect of E2HZ3H on the density of O. nezarae, and its parasitism of R. clavatus, was studied in soybean fields. When fields were treated with E2HZ3H, O. nezarae tended to migrate into them before they were invaded by R. clavatus. O. nezarae also reached higher densities in treated than in untreated fields. In addition, E2HZ3H did not increase the density of R. clavatus. On the other hand, both R. clavatus and O. nezarae migrated into pheromone-treated fields earlier than usual and reached higher densities than in untreated fields. However, E2HZ3H did not increase the percentage parasitism of R. clavatus eggs placed artificially on soybean plants. Eggs close to E2HZ3H or the pheromone were not parasitized to any greater extent by O. nezarae than more-distant eggs.View full abstractDownload PDF (1084K) -
Hiroshi Kitajima1999 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 203-205
Published: November 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLarvae of the cryptomeria bark borer, Semanotus japonicus (Lacordaire) were reared on four artificial diets containing different sucrose levels of 1.9%, 3.7%, 7.2%, and 13.4% per total weight of diet. Although there were no significant differences in emergence rate, duration from insertion of hatchlings to adult emergence, and elytral length of adult females between diet sucrose levels, there was a significant difference in the elytral length of adult males. In diets containing 7.2% and 13.4% sucrose, the variances of elytral length of adult males and females were small. In addition, in a diet containing 7.2% sucrose, the pupation rate of surviving larvae at 30 days after insertion was higher than that of the other diets. Therefore, a diet containing 7.2% sucrose seems to produce the best adult yield.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
Hiroya Higuchi1999 Volume 43 Issue 4 Pages 205-206
Published: November 25, 1999
Released on J-STAGE: February 12, 2009
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe attractiveness of adults of the stink bug, Piezodorus hybneri (Gmelin), for conspecific individuals was investigated. Males attracted both sexes of conspecific adults, suggesting that males release an aggregation pheromone. Nymphs were not attracted by males at all. Females did not attract adults or nymphs.View full abstractDownload PDF (307K)
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