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Volume 50 (2006)
- Issue 4 Pages 283-
- Issue 3 Pages 201-
- Issue 2 Pages 87-
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Volume 50, Issue 1
Displaying 1-13 of 13 articles from this issue
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Regular Papers
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Koji Sugio, Kento Shimojo, Jun Isozaki, Wakano Itosu, Asuna Tsuha, Shi ...2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 1-6
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistributions of two types of cellulase activity (endo-β-1,4-glucanase [EC 3.2.1.4] and β-glucosidase [EC 3.2.1.21]) were measured in the salivary glands and the gut of the xylophagous termite Neotermes koshunensis, and activity was compared among pseudoworker-caste insects, soldier-caste insects and defaunated pseudoworkers in which the symbiotic flagellates were removed by exposing the termites to sunlight for 120 min. Strong cellulase activity was detected in the salivary glands and the hindgut of the pseudoworkers, while the defaunated termites showed a marked reduction in cellulase activity of the hindgut. The salivary glands of soldier termites showed significantly lower cellulase activity than those of pseudoworkers, whereas the hindgut of the soldiers possessed a similar level of activity to that of the pseudoworkers. The present results suggest that the hindgut is the primary site of cellulose digestion in pseudoworkers and soldiers of N. koshuensis, and that the salivary cellulases also play an indispensable role for cellulose digestion in pseudoworkers.View full abstractDownload PDF (328K) -
Shigeyuki Mukawa, Chie Goto, Takeshi Shimoda, Youichi Kobori, Mika Mur ...2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 7-12
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe life history of the big-eyed bug, Piocoris varius, was investigated in two locations in Ibaraki and Chiba, Japan in 2004 by observing seasonal changes in the stage composition of field populations. The nymphal instar of field-collected samples was identified by comparing their head capsule widths with those of laboratory-reared individuals. P. varius nymphs and adults were found on 19 plant species (12 families) of 24 species (14 families) on which the population census was made. Overwintering adults became active on plants in May and disappeared in July. First-generation young nymphs appeared in late May and June. They developed into old nymphs in late June and then emerged as adults in late July and August. After August, adults predominated until December, although a small proportion of second-generation nymphs occurred in August and September. Only adults were found under the litter in December. These observations indicate that P. varius is basically a univoltine species with a partial bivoltine lifecycle in the Kanto district in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (342K) -
Masatoshi Hori, Yoshihiro Kasaishi2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 13-17
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous study, we developed an accurate and laborsaving method to determine the effective phosphine concentration for the fumigation of cigarette beetles based on the knockdown time. To successfully control beetles with phosphine, it is important to evaluate the resistance level of the target beetle population in advance. However, the population often contains males and females, mated and unmated, and adult beetles of different ages, and the effects of these factors on the knockdown time were unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of sex, mating status, adult age, and prior exposure to phosphine in the pupal stage on the knockdown time using a phosphine-resistant strain IWT. The log KT50 value of the strain IWT was ca. 3.5 regardless of sex, experience of mating, adult age and experience of prior exposure, demonstrating that these factors are not important in evaluating the resistance level using knockdown time. The recommended phosphine concentration for the strain IWT was ca. 450–530 ppm, while the recommended concentration for a susceptible strain TSC was ca. 35 ppm.View full abstractDownload PDF (219K) -
Shikoh Kasuga, Ken-ichiro Honda2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 19-23
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe high-temperature tolerance of Tyrophagus similis (Acari: Acaridae) was investigated to explore the possibility of controlling T. similis in agricultural soil by heat treatment. The tolerance of two congeners, T. neiswanderi and T. putrescentiae, and Rhizoglyphus robini was also examined for comparison. No eggs and adults of T. similis survived treatments at 40°C for 24 h, 45°C for 3 h, or 50°C for 1 h, although the heat tolerance of eggs was relatively higher than that of adults. These findings indicate that hot-water soil sterilization or steam soil sterilization have a great potential for the control of T. similis, and that these methods should be effective for T. similis even though a lower amount of hot-water or steam are used for treatment than in the case for plant pathogens. The tolerance of T. similis to high temperature was lower than that of T. neiswanderi and T. putrescentiae, and was similar to that of R. robini. T. similis and R. robini may not have developed high-temperature tolerance because, in contrast to the other two, these species dwell in the soil where temperature fluctuation is not severe.View full abstractDownload PDF (354K) -
Yasuhiko Konno2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 25-32
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe species composition of anthophilous Diptera and Hymenoptera on three alpine flowers was investigated at an altitude of 1,950-m on Mt. Hakuundake in the Daisetsu Mountains, Hokkadio, Japan. A total of 317 individuals from 35 species of nine families was collected. The most abundant insect family was Syrphidae (64.4% of individuals), followed by Anthomyiidae (16.4%) and Halictidae (6.0%). On Sorbus matsumurana (Rosaceae), 150 individuals from 27 species were collected; the most abundant was Syrphidae, followed by Empididae and Tenthredinidae. On Weigela middendorffiana (Caprifoliaceae), 103 individuals from 22 species were collected; the most abundant was Syrphidae, followed by Halictidae and Apidae. On Trollius riederianus (Ranunculaceae), 64 individuals from 8 species were collected; the most abundant was Anthomyiidae, followed by Syrphidae and Apidae. Species diversity (1/D) was the highest on W. middendorffiana (9.7) and the lowest on T. riederianus (3.9). The index of similarity, QS, was largest for the combination of S. matsumurana and W. middendorffiana (0.71), and smallest for S. matsumurana and T. riederianus (0.28).View full abstractDownload PDF (303K) -
Takenari Inoue2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 33-42
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe seasonal development of Argopistes tsekooni was studied in a field in Ibaraki Prefecture, central Japan. This species has a univoltine lifecycle. Overwintered adults appeared on host trees from April with a peak in May. Eggs and leafmining larvae occurred in May–August (with a peak in June) and in June–September (with a peak in July–August), respectively. Larvae passed three instar stages in their mines. New adults emerged in August–September, and adults were observed until late September or early November. The sex ratio was 1 : 1. Overwintered females collected in May were reared at 20°C or 25°C under a photoperiod of 12L : 12D (12 h light:12 h dark), 13L : 11D, 14L : 10D and 15L : 9D. The longer the photophase became, the longer the oviposition period lasted and the larger the number of eggs was laid. This mechanism permits females to continue oviposition from late spring through mid-summer in fields. The ecological traits of A. tsekooni differed from those of the closely related species, A. coccinelliformis and A. biplagiatus in several respects. For example, the reproduction of A. tsekooni occurred in late spring–summer, whereas that of the other two species occurred mainly in early spring; A. tsekooni laid eggs more carefully than the others; and larvae of A. tsekooni did not change their mines, whereas those of the others sometimes (frequently in A. coccinelliformis) changed theirs.View full abstractDownload PDF (533K) -
Shoji Asano2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 43-49
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLethal activity and growth inhibitory activity of four commercial products of Bacillus thuringiensis (Dipol, Toarow CT, Bacilex and Thuricide) were investigated with the second instar of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, using a diet incorporation method. Six other experimental formulations of B. thuringiensis containing different amounts of the same single delta-endotoxin as the active ingredient were also investigated in a similar way. Lethal activity (LC50) was evaluated based on mortality on day 7 and growth inhibitory activity (EC50) based on weight gain for 2 d. The ratios of LC50/EC50 ranged from 1.6–2.6 among the four products and 10.1–11.6 among the six experimental formulations. It was revealed that the ratio of LC50/EC50 differed among products containing different toxins but not among formulations containing the same toxin. A linear correlation was observed between EC50 and protein content (%) of the formulations with the same toxin as observed between LC50 and protein content, indicating the possible utilization of EC50 instead of LC50 in silkworm assay for the quality control of B. thuringiensis formulations. Results also showed that an evaluation based on EC50 is 2–10 times more sensitive and time-saving than that based on LC50.View full abstractDownload PDF (242K) -
Suguru Ohno, Tomonori Sasaki, Takafumi Nakamura, Dai Haraguchi, Kimiko ...2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the mass rearing of Euscepes postfasciatus using artificial diets, a method for estimating the number of eggs is essential for monitoring egg-collection efficiency and controlling egg-seeding density on the diets. To develop a simple method, we first analyzed the relationship between the volumes of eggs aspirated into a 1- or 2-ml measuring pipette and the number of eggs in it. A significant difference in the pattern of increase in egg number, along with the increase of volume, was found between the two pipette types. Linear and quadratic regressions fitted well for the 1- and 2-ml pipette data, respectively (R2>0.97). To extend the egg-number estimation to a larger quantity of eggs, we performed similar analyses using a 5-ml measuring cylinder. Here, the number of eggs contained was determined using the above measuring pipettes and regressions. A linear regression of the estimated number of eggs on volume fitted well (R2=0.99). The results show that the number of E. postfasciatus eggs can be estimated precisely using measuring pipettes or cylinders. This study also showed that the pattern of increase in egg number differs depending on the measuring equipment, which should be considered for establishing egg-number estimation methods for other insects.View full abstractDownload PDF (251K) -
Toshio Kitamura, Akira Kawai2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 57-61
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThirty-seven accessions from six species belonging to the genus Lycopersicon were tested for susceptibility to the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici. Significant differences in damage index, but not in mite density, were found among cultivars of tomato, L. esculentum var. esculentum; the damage index of Hawaii 7996 was significantly lower than that of Jupiri and Ponderoza, and the damage index of Yellow-Piko was lower than that of Jupiri. When compared among species, mite densities and damage indices of wild Lycopersicon species were significantly lower than those of tomato cultivars. In particular, mite densities on 82000F of L. pennellii and PI127827 of L. hirsutum were very low (<2/leaflet). The damage indices of these accessions were also significantly lower than those of tomato cultivars. These resistant accessions can be important resources for breeding a tomato variety resistant to the tomato russet mite.View full abstractDownload PDF (229K)
Notes
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Susumu Tokumaru2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 63-65
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI investigated the stone leek leafminer, Liriomyza chinensis Kato (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and its hymenopterous parasitoids emerging from the leaves of Welsh onion collected in Kyoto Prefecture, Japan, from July to August 2002, from June to August 2003, and from May to June 2005. The parasitoids that emerged from L. chinensis larvae or pupae were Halticoptera circulus (Walker) (Pteromalidae), Pnigalio katonis (Ishii) (Eulophidae), Diglyphus isaea (Walker) (Eulophidae), Chrysocharis pentheus (Walker) (Eulophidae), Neochrysocharis formosa (Westwood) (Eulophidae), and Closterocerus trifasciatus Westwood (Eulophidae). The dominant parasitoid species in 2002 was D. isaea, and that in 2003 and 2005 was P. katonis.View full abstractDownload PDF (176K) -
Hiromitsu Inoue, Kazutaka Shinohara, Masami Okumura, Kousuke Ikeda, Wa ...2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 66-68
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe occurrence of Psylla evodiae Miyatake, which has been known to occur on Euodia meliifolia (Rutaceae) in the Yaeyama Islands of Japan and in Taiwan, has been newly recorded in Kyushu (Fukuoka, Nagasaki, and Kagoshima prefectures) and on Yakushima Island and Okinawa Island in southwestern Japan. In addition, it has been confirmed that P. evodiae feeds on Murraya paniculata (Rutaceae), which is a newly recorded host plant in southern Kyushu (Kagoshima Prefecture) and Yakushima Island. It has also been confirmed that P. evodiae feeds on Zanthoxylum beecheyanum var. alatum (Rutaceae) in Okinawa Island.View full abstractDownload PDF (372K) -
Kazuki Kakimoto, Hideaki Inoue, Takuhiro Yamaguchi, Kazuro Ohno, Masam ...2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 68-71
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo learn the habitat of Orius sauteri (Poppius) in spring, eight species of weeds were investigated for the occurrence of O. sauteri in relation to the abundance of prey (thrips, aphids, and spider mites) from mid March to late May in Kagoshima Prefecture. Population trends of O. sauteri was synchronized with the abundance of thrips, but not with that of aphids and spider mites. Actually, a significant correlation was found between the density of O. sauteri and thrips. In April, O. sauteri, mostly in the nymphal stage, were found only on Artemisia princeps Pampan. It contrast, after May, O. sauteri appeared on various plants such as Geranium carolinianum L., Vicia angustifolia L., and Galium spurium L., with the increase of thrips on these plants. Adults of O. sauteri found from April to early May were all females; O. sauteri males appeared after mid May. These results suggested that the habitat of O. sauteri is dependent on thrips populations, and that the first generation adults of O. sauteri occurred after mid May.View full abstractDownload PDF (261K) -
Eriko Tatsumi, Hajimu Takada2006 Volume 50 Issue 1 Pages 72-74
Published: 2006
Released on J-STAGE: April 10, 2006
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dormancy characteristics of five Japanese populations of Aphelinus asychis were examined to find strains useful as biological control agents against pest aphids under winter greenhouse conditions in Japan. The weak diapause, strictly oligopause sensu Mansingh (1971), response in the adult stage differed among populations under 10L : 14D at 15°C. The percentage of newly emerging females with immature ovaries was significantly lower in one of the Kagoshima populations, KGS1 (12%) than in the other four populations (51–66%). The mean preoviposition period was significantly shorter in the Kochi population, KCH (1.8 d) than in the Kyoto population (7.8 d), and oviposition was more incessant in the former than in the latter. KGS1 and KCH, which showed a weaker diapause response, are considered to be better candidates for the biological control of pest aphids in winter greenhouses because they are more likely to be active during the winter.View full abstractDownload PDF (252K)
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