Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 1347-6068
Print ISSN : 0021-4914
ISSN-L : 0021-4914
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Volume 57, Issue 1
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Reviews: Regional Topics on Pest Control Research in Japan
Original Articles
  • Potential Occurrence of Wallaby Ear Symptom in Forage Crops in a Five-crop System in Two Years
    Keiichiro Matsukura, Kazuhiro Yoshida, Masaya Matsumura
    Article type: Original Article
    2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 11-18
    Published: February 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 29, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2013.11
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    A five-crop system over two years has recently been studied for the higher yield of forage crops in Kyushu, Japan. In this cropping system, barley Hordeum vulgare, oats Avena sativa and Italian ryegrass Lolium multiflorum are cultivated as summer crops in the second year. In this study, we investigated the effects of infestation by the maize orange leafhopper Cicadulina bipunctata, which is a serious pest of maize, causing maize wallaby ear symptom (MWES), on these three gramineous crops. A laboratory experiment revealed that all tested barley varieties showed stunted growth but did not show any deformation on leaves infested by C. bipunctata. Both oats and Italian ryegrass showed stunted growth together with abnormal leaf growth. A significant varietal difference in the degree of MWES tolerance was detected in oats. A cropping experiment in a field where C. bipunctata is heavily present resulted in the highest yield of barley, followed by oats, and the lowest yield of Italian ryegrass. The yield of oats varied markedly among varieties. These results indicate that barley and some oat varieties are appropriate for summer cropping in areas where C. bipunctata is distributed.
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  • Discrimination Methods for Japanese Pest Species of Spodoptera Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Lured by Traps Using a Synthetic Sex Pheromone for Spodoptera exempta
    Daisuke Watabiki, Shin-ichi Yoshimatsu, Hiraku Yoshitake, Yuki Baba, T ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 19-26
    Published: February 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 29, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2013.19
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The genus Spodoptera Guenée mainly distributed from tropical to subtropical regions throughout the world includes many pests of food crops, vegetables, forage crops and grasses. The African armyworm, Spodoptera exempta (Walker) has been known from Africa, South East Asia, parts of Australia to some Pacific islands as a pest of crops or pasture, however, no damage by this pest had been reported from Japan before 2010. From Japan, only five adult specimens had been collected before 2010. These specimens probably flew from the tropical region of Asia to Japan because S. exempta is a well known migratory pest in Africa. Severe damage of forage crops and grasses by this species was recognized for the first time from Japan at Nansei Islands in 2010. Therefore, survey using a synthetic sex pheromone for S. exempta was conducted by the Okinawa Prefectural Plant Protection Center and the Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development. As a result, several species of Spodoptera were collected by the pheromone trap for S. exempta including S. exempta. We made a key to distinguish all eight Japanese species of Spodoptera mainly using male genitalia. Furthermore, we were able to distinguish six Japanese Spodoptera pest species using standard DNA barcoding.
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  • Investigation of High Humidity Requirement for Infection of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) by Two Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Lecanicillium muscarium
    Hirokazu Tooyama, Shigeyuki Mukawa, Shinichi Numata, Hitoshi Kawamata
    Article type: Original Article
    2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 27-34
    Published: February 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 29, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2013.27
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The suitable humidity condition for infecting whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), with two commercial mycoinsectisides, BotaniGard ES (Beauveria bassiana formulation) and Mycotal (Lecanisillium muscarium formulation) was investigated. The second instar nymph of B. tabaci on a leaf disc was inoculated with 1/500 or 1/1,000 dilutions of BotaniGard ES or Mycotal, respectively, by a dipping method. Based on infection rates of the inoculated whiteflies, which were exposed to >99% RH for various periods and then transferred to 50% RH, the requisite high humidity period for 90% infection was estimated to be 47 and 82 h in BotaniGard ES and Mycotal, respectively. In a tomato greenhouse in autumn 2009 and 2010 in Ibaraki, humidity under tomato leaves was higher than the ambient humidity, whereas the period at >99% RH was about 14 h per day. When the inoculated whiteflies were reared under a fluctuating humidity cycle of 14-hour exposure to >99% RH and 10-hour exposure to 50% RH, the infection rate of these whiteflies increased significantly in comparison with that of the whiteflies reared at 50% RH following 14-hour exposure to >99% RH. This result reveals that the intermittent high humidity cycle enhances the fungal infection of B. tabaci.
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  • Counting Adults on a Yellow Sticky Trap Is Useful for Monitoring the Tea Spiny Whitefly, Aleurocanthus camelliae (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), at the Early Invasion Stage
    Ryuji Uesugi, Yasushi Sato
    Article type: Original Article
    2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 35-41
    Published: February 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 29, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2013.35
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The invasive tea spiny whitefly, Aleurocanthus camelliae Kanmiya and Kasai, is now spreading throughout tea plantations in Japan. Monitoring in pre-invasion areas is necessary for systematic control this species at the early invasion stage. In this study, two monitoring methods were examined at tea plantations near the time of first invasion in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan. The first method was to detect adults captured on a yellow sticky trap, and the second was to detect nymphs by sampling tea leaves. A positive correlation was observed between the number of adults on a trap (relative density) and estimated nymph density. In many locations where nymphs were not detected, adults were captured by the traps. Additionally, more individuals were detected by the traps than by searching tea leaves. This study shows that counting adults on a yellow sticky trap is an efficient method for detecting this species at a low density and is therefore useful for monitoring at the early invasion stage.
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Short Communications
  • Effect of Agrichemicals on a Predatory Bug, Geocoris proteus Distant (Heteroptera: Geocoridae)
    Yuta Tsuchida, Shinichi Masui, Yusuke Katai
    Article type: Short Communication
    2013 Volume 57 Issue 1 Pages 43-46
    Published: February 25, 2013
    Released on J-STAGE: June 29, 2013
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2013.43
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We examined the effect of agrichemicals on an important predator, Geocoris proteus Distant, which has been observed in Allium crop fields. Adults and 3rd instar nymphs of G. proteus were dipped in 67 pesticide solutions at a practical concentration. As a result, two of ten organophosphorus insecticides, one of four carbamate insecticides, two of six neonicotinoid insecticides, two of six insect growth regulators (IGRs), nine of eleven other synthetic insecticides, all microbial insecticides, all acaricides and all fungicides were determined to be harmless (<30% mortality) to adults and 3rd instar nymphs of G. proteus. The use of these pesticides should be recommended by integrated pest management (IPM) programs to control Allium insect pests, since they are regarded as being compatible with the conservation of G. proteus in the field.
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Technical Note
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