日本応用動物昆虫学会誌
Online ISSN : 1347-6068
Print ISSN : 0021-4914
ISSN-L : 0021-4914
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57 巻, 2 号
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総説　―シリーズ：地域の害虫研究最前線―
原著
  • ナガマドキノコバエの幼虫用人工飼料と頭幅による幼虫の齢数の推定
    北島 博, 川島 祐介
    原稿種別: 原著
    2013 年 57 巻 2 号 p. 79-84
    発行日: 2013/05/25
    公開日: 2013/06/29
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2013.79
    ジャーナル フリー
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    An artificial diet was developed for larvae of Neoempheria ferruginea, a mushroom fly affecting the sawdust-based cultivation of shiitake, Lentinula edodes. The diet mainly consisted of shiitake mushrooms, dried yeast, peptone, and sucrose. Eggs were placed on the surface of the diet and reared at 20°C with a 16-hour light/8-hour dark photoperiod. The hatchability, pupation and emergence rates were 64.0, 45.0, and 42.0%, respectively. To determine the larval instars, larvae were reared on the diet at 25°C under the same photoperiod conditions mentioned above. The larvae were then withdrawn from the diet 5–13 days after oviposition and placed in 70% ethanol, whereupon their head capsule widths and body lengths were measured. The frequency distribution of larval head capsules, including hatchlings, consisted of five groups. The extension ratios between each group were 1.51–1.81, which fitted Dyar's rule, which states that the ratio of post-moult to pre-moult size is constant; therefore, N. ferruginea larvae were considered to have 5 instars. The larval body seemed to lengthen as the larval head capsule widened. In addition, larvae 10 mm long or more were considered to be in the 5th instar.
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  • 静岡県のチャ園に生息するチャノコカクモンハマキの薬剤感受性とジアシルヒドラジン系IGR剤に対する薬剤抵抗性
    内山 徹, 小澤 朗人, 劉 主
    原稿種別: 原著
    2013 年 57 巻 2 号 p. 85-93
    発行日: 2013/05/25
    公開日: 2013/06/29
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2013.85
    ジャーナル フリー
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    We investigated susceptibility to 15 insecticides in populations of the smaller tea tortrix, Adoxophyes honmai Yasuda, collected from tea fields in the Makinohara area of Shizuoka Prefecture. In the Shimada-Yui population, the corrected mortality 10 days after treatment with each of three insect growth regulator (IGR) insecticides, tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide, and chromafenozide [diacylhydrazine (DAH) analogs], was lower in 2005 than in 2004. In the case of treatment with lufenuron and flufenoxuron [both benzoylurea (BU) analog IGRs], no clear difference in mortality was observed between 2004 and 2005. In the A. honmai populations examined, seven insecticides—chlorpyrifos, profenofos, chlorfenapyr, methomyl, spinosad, emamectin benzoate, and bifenthrin—showed higher insecticidal effects than the IGRs tested. In addition, the susceptibility of the Shimada-Yui population to DAH and BU IGRs was continuously investigated for 5 years. The LC50 values of the DAH analog tebufenozide showed a rapid annual increase after the start of investigations in 2004, and in 2008 far exceeded the registration dose of 200 ppm. The LC50 values of the DAH analog chromafenozide rose sharply from 2004 to 2005, and in 2005 generally exceeded the registration dose of 50–100 ppm. In contrast, although the LC50 values of the DAH analog methoxyfenozide began to rise after 2004, they still remained below the registration dose of 25–50 ppm in 2008. Increases in the LC50 values of the two BU analog IGRs, lufenuron and flufenoxuron, tended to be smaller compared with those of the three DAH analog IGRs. In the Shimada-Yui population, the resistance ratio of four IGRs—tebufenozide, chromafenozide, methoxyfenozide and lufenuron—showed an exponential upward tendency over the 5 years of the investigation. When resistance ratio values were log transformed, significant positive correlations (p<0.05) were observed between the resistance ratios and elapsed years. The slopes of the regression lines obtained for tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide, lufenuron, were 0.36, 0.17, and 0.14, respectively. Furthermore, on the basis of the slopes of the regression lines, it is estimated that there were 2.3-, 1.5-, and 1.4-fold increases in the resistance of A. honmai to tebufenozide, methoxyfenozide, and lufenuron, respectively.
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  • 局所施用による薬剤感受性検定におけるアリモドキゾウムシの麻酔方法とfenitrothionに対する感受性
    上室 剛, 下津 文宏, 里島 伸司, 上福元 彰
    原稿種別: 原著
    2013 年 57 巻 2 号 p. 95-99
    発行日: 2013/05/25
    公開日: 2013/06/29
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2013.95
    ジャーナル フリー
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    The effect of chilling and CO2 anesthesia on sweetpotato weevils was investigated to optimize the immobilization duration sufficient for topical application of insecticides. Two-minute CO2 anesthesia treatment with simultaneous chilling for the latter half of the time immobilized the weevils for about 100 seconds. This duration is sufficient to topically apply insecticides to the weevil bodies. This anesthesia method did not adversely affect the survivorship of weevils. Using this anesthesia method, we investigated the susceptibility to fenitrothion (MEP) of wild weevil populations on Kikai Island, where MEP and synthesized sex pheromone had been applied for 3 years and on Amami Oshima Island where no control measures were implemented. The LD50 values were as low (about 4.0–8.0 μg/g) for sweetpotato weevils collected from Kikai Island as for weevils collected from the control, Amami Oshima Island (about 2.5 μg/g). This result suggests that the weevil-controlling measures on Kikai Island are working satisfactorily.
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  • 果樹園における地表徘徊性天敵類を対象としたピットフォールトラップ調査法の検討：トラップ捕獲結果に対する容器サイズの影響
    外山 晶敏, 三代 浩二, 中野 亮, 井原 史雄
    原稿種別: 原著
    2013 年 57 巻 2 号 p. 101-108
    発行日: 2013/05/25
    公開日: 2013/06/29
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2013.101
    ジャーナル フリー
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    Pitfall traps are commonly used in the assessment of ground dwelling organisms. Such traps have been proposed as a main tool for the investigation of agro-ecosystem biological diversity in Japan. We evaluated the effects of pitfall trap cup sizes on catches of epigeal invertebrate predators in an orchard. Traps with seven different cup sizes (5.3–13.0 cm diameter) were positioned in the orchard in early summer and in autumn. For each taxon or species of invertebrate, we performed regression analyses of the mean catch per day for each trap size. There was no effect of trap size on the number of catches per day for carabid beetles (Carabidae spp.), striped earwigs (Labidura riparia), or wolf spiders (Lycosidae spp.). On the other hand, the number of dome spiders (Lyniphiidae spp.) captured in summer increased with trap size. These differences seemed to reflect differences in population densities. We concluded that when pitfall traps are used for the short-term assessment of ground dwelling organisms in the orchard environment, the results will not be significantly affected by trap cup sizes, at least within the easily available size range of 6.5–10.0 cm in diameter.
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