Japanese Journal of Applied Entomology and Zoology
Online ISSN : 1347-6068
Print ISSN : 0021-4914
ISSN-L : 0021-4914
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Volume 59, Issue 4
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
  • Estimated Hatching Period of the Carpenter Moth, Cossus insularis (Lepidoptera: Cossidae), in Tokushima Prefecture
    Tomoaki Nakanishi, Takemichi Kaneda, Tadashi Tokunaga
    Article type: Original Article
    2015 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages 163-170
    Published: November 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2015.163
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The larvae of the carpenter moth, Cossus insularis (Staudinger), bore deeply into branches and trunks after hatching under the bark of Japanese pear trees. For estimation of the optimum timing for pest control against the hatching period, the effect of temperature on hatching and developmental time of eggs was examined by rearing experiments at constant temperatures. Eggs were incubated at the following temperatures: 15, 20, 23, 25, 28, 30 and 35°C. Hatching was observed from 20–30°C. Hatching rates at 25, 28 and 30°C were higher than those at 20 and 23°C. Duration of egg stage decreased with increasing temperature. Since the developmental zero and effective cumulative temperature for duration of egg stage were 16.2°C and 169 degree-days, respectively, the duration of egg stage was estimated at 13–17 days in a field in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Subsequently, the optimal timing for chemical control against hatching period was estimated to range from mid-July to mid-August. However, the observed dates of the optimal timing in the field were late-July to late-August. The difference between the estimated and observed dates of the optimal timing was corrected approximately, taking into consideration that the duration of the 1st instar larval stage was 6–14 days.
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  • Decreasing Damage to Cossus insularis (Lepidoptera: Cossidae) by Multi-year Treatment with Insecticide in Japanese Pear Orchards
    Tomoya Yokoyama, Shinsuke Sato, Tetsurou Kashima
    Article type: Original Article
    2015 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages 171-181
    Published: November 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2015.171
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    To explore effective control methods of the carpenter moth, Cossus insularis (Staudinger), we examined biological and chemical control methods in pear orchards: namely, infusion of the natural enemy nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Weiser) into the openings of shot holes made by the larvae, and spraying the pear trees with diamide insecticide. Steinernema carpocapsae infusion into the inside of a damaged tree could significantly decrease the percentage of shot hole openings with frass discharge between before and after the infusion, regardless of the number of infusions. Furthermore, double infusion seemed to be more effective in controlling the larvae in damaged trees than single infusion. The application of flubendiamide significantly decreased the amount of feeding damage caused by newly hatched larvae just before the application, compared to that of a control plot. The combined use of S. carpocapsae infusion and diamide application for two years could significantly decrease the amount of frass discharge per damaged tree and the percentage of damaged trees.
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  • Forecasting the Occurrence of Young Japanese Mealybug Larva Planococcus kraunhiae (Kuwana) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Using Sex Pheromone Traps and Total Effective Temperature for Persimmon
    Nobuo Sawamura, Yutaka Narai, Mayumi Teshiba, Takafumi Tsutsumi, Masat ...
    Article type: Original Article
    2015 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages 183-189
    Published: November 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2015.183
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    We investigated the possibility of predicting the emergence of first-generation young nymphs of the mealybug Planococcus kraunhiae (Kuwana) by using effective cumulative temperature, with peak sex pheromone trap captures as a base point. Seasonal yearly fluctuations in the number of sex pheromone trap captures in four persimmon fields in Japan (Shimane, Hiroshima, Gifu, and Fukuoka prefectures) indicated that Japanese mealybugs produce three to four generations in a year. The event of the first pheromone trap captures of wild mealybugs in the present study matched with those in our previous rearing experiments in Shimane Prefecture in 2007 and 2008 using male overwintering-generation nymphs raised in a ventilated case with a meteorological gauge (Stevenson screen). The actual timing of the first-generation nymph capture using band traps matched the estimated emergence time of the first-generation nymphs, which was calculated from the cumulative effective temperature starting from the pheromone trap capture time for the over-wintering adult male bugs. Therefore, setting pheromone trap capturing peak as a base point, prediction of occurrence of first-generation mealybug nymphs is considered possible, utilizing the effective cumulative temperature for persimmon.
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Short Communications
  • Pheromone Traps for the Japanese Gypsy Moth (Lymantridae: Lepidoptera): Trap Design and the Amount of Synthetic Pheromone Loaded onto a Lure
    Hiroyuki Minegishi, Yutaka Hironaka, Ken-ichi Ozaki, Kensuke Onodera, ...
    Article type: Short Communications
    2015 Volume 59 Issue 4 Pages 191-194
    Published: November 25, 2015
    Released on J-STAGE: April 08, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.2015.191
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The effects of trap design on trap capture of two Japanese gypsy moth subspecies, Lymantria dispar japonica (Motchulsky) and L. d. hokkaidoensis Goldschmidt were tested in three locations (Bibai, Matsudo and Gifu). Among an USDA (United State Department of Agriculture) milk carton trap, a funnel trap and a sticky-type trap (SE-trap) baited with a rubber septum impregnated with 0.5 mg (+)-disparlure, SE-trap tended to capture the highest number of male moths. The effects of the amount of synthetic pheromone loaded onto a rubber septum were also tested in Sapporo and Matsudo. A rubber septum loaded with 0.5 or 5 mg of (+)-disparlure captured an equivalent number of male moths with an USDA polyvinyl chloride (PVC) lure in both places. These results suggest that a milk carton trap baited with a PVC lure may be replaced with a SE-trap baited with a rubber septum loaded with 0.5–5 mg (+)-disparlure to monitor the gypsy moth populations in Japan.
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Technical Note
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