In this paper,we propose valuation methods and a strategic management model for innovative voluntary communities which members are sharing and co-creating digital commons via the Internet. We classify the voluntary communities into four categories from viewpoints of editing volumes and social benefits for digital commons, and we study two valuation methods for voluntary activities and digital intellectual commons. We consider these values as KPI (Key Performance Indicator) of the communities and show a management model that executes dual PDCA cycle (a social aspect and a business aspect) with monitoring and controlling these KPI. We evaluate two case studies, Linux and Wikipedia community. By these methods, we could analyze management strategies and evaluate for the innovative voluntary communities in the unified framework.

A supply chain consists of a network of firms. Therefore, combination and integration of information systems of the firms should be developed. This paper proposes an integration schema for a dyadic relationship between a manufacturer and its supplier. The whole supply chain is modeled as a discrete-event system of which structure is divided into material and planning information flows. And then, the structural factors of the chain, that includes planning systems, are defined as structural parameters. By analyzing properties and effect of information sharing, we have found the following results: (1)Not only planning information flow but also material flow should be optimized in order to get most effective operation of the chain. (2)When the structural parameters are inappropriately combined, then the behavior of the chain is complex and even catastrophic. (3)If safety stock level is not proper, the sales forecast for the supply chain should have more than 99% accuracy in order to be used for reduction of the whole inventory.

The purpose of this paper is to present a conceptual framework which will be useful for designing a suitable supply chain. In recent years, supply chain design has received considerable attention from researchers and practitioners. It has been suggested that supply chain design should be based on product characteristics such as the nature of the demand for the products a company supplies. In addition, supply chain design should be based on enterprise discipline as well as product characteristics to gain higher performance, since each discipline requires a different kind of supply chain type. In this research, a conceptual framework based on enterprise discipline and product characteristics is presented to facilitate a rational design process of supply chains.