This study aimed to quantitatively understand the “relationship between information system expenses and population size” and the “expense reduction effects of using cloud services and limiting customization at the time of information system implementation” in local governments. As a result of the quantitative analysis, the hypothesis that “population determines the information system expense of local governments” was proven for all local governments, local governments with cloud computing, local governments with independent cloud computing, and local governments without cloud computing. The results also support the hypothesis that “the introduction of the local government cloud is expected to reduce the expense of local government information systems” for local governments with populations of 10,000 or more. However, for local governments with a population of less than 10,000, it was found that the introduction of the local government cloud did not consistently lead to reduced information system expenses.

This study discusses cases of Japanese user companies in different industries and business categories that have adopted enterprise agile in information system development. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of these approaches and the processes leading to investment decisions and approvals by illustrating them as models. We conducted semi-structured interviews with seven practitioners involved in planning and investing in agile development in companies, and analyzed their investment decisions and approvals in the categories of strategy, budget and organization, and process. From the model diagram, we confirmed that the management’s strong awareness of corporate innovation is linked to the ability to respond quickly, the method of selecting projects, and the procedure for securing budgets. Furthermore, based on the concepts obtained from the analysis, we created a table that allows us to confirm the position of the companies involved in Enterprise Agile. By utilizing this table, companies can objectively grasp the status of their efforts, and furthermore, by considering future measures, they can lead to the continuous realization of Enterprise Agile.